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Fajardo FAG, Tavares MFM, Rashid A, Prado MSA. Novel Eco-Friendly Stability Indicating Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Method for Determination of Aripiprazole in Tablet Dosage form: DoE Directed Optimization, Development and Method Validation. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:3340-3351. [PMID: 36028134 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel environment-friendly stability indicating capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method has been developed and validated for assaying the aripiprazole (ARP) in tablet dosage form. The separation of ARP from its degradation products and internal standard was achieved using a fused silica capillary column (30.2 cm x 75 μm ID), a background electrolyte containing 6 mmol L-1 ammonium formate buffer (pH 3) with 5% methanol under a potential of 15 kV and detection at 214 nm. The stability indicating ability of the method was investigated by analyzing ARP after being subjected to acidic, alkaline, thermal, photolytic, and oxidative stress conditions, according to ICH guidelines. Design of experiments was used during forced degradation and method optimization. Oxidation was the main degradation pathway among those evaluated. The drug was separated from its oxidative degradation products in less than 4 min. CZE method was linear between 60 - 140 μg mL-1, R2 = 0.9980, precise (intra-day 0.88% and inter-day 1.30%). The average recovery was 100.93 ± 0.77%. This is the first method in the literature for quantification of ARP in the presence of its related degradation products with high separation efficiency, low operation cost and minimum solvent consumption. This method could be helpful in the routine quality control analysis in the pharmaceutical industries with least harmful effect on the environment. CZE is considered an eco-friendly alternative of conventionally HPLC methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anas Rashid
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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2
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Sauer F, Sydow C, Trapp O. A robust sheath-flow CE-MS interface for hyphenation with Orbitrap MS. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1280-1286. [PMID: 32358866 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The hyphenation of capillary electrophoresis with high-resolution mass spectrometry, such as Orbitrap MS, is of broad interest for the unambiguous and exceptionally sensitive identification of compounds. However, the coupling of these techniques requires a robust ionization interface that does not influence the stability of the separation voltage while coping with oxidation of the emitter tip at large ionization voltages. Herein, we present the design of a sheath-flow CE-ESI-MS interface which combines a robust and easy to operate set-up with high-resolution Orbitrap MS detection. The sheath liquid interface is equipped with a gold coated electrospray emitter which increases the stability and overall lifetime of the system. For the characterization of the interface, the spray stability and durability were investigated in dependence of the sheath-flow rate, electrospray voltage, and additional gold coating. The optimized conditions were applied to a separation of angiotensin II and neurotensin resulting in LODs of 2.4 and 3.5 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Sauer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Constanze Sydow
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Beutner A, Herl T, Matysik FM. Selectivity enhancement in capillary electrophoresis by means of two-dimensional separation or dual detection concepts. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1057:18-35. [PMID: 30832915 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For the identification and quantification of analytes in complex samples, highly selective analytical strategies are required. The selectivity of single separation techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), or capillary electrophoresis (CE) with common detection principles can be enhanced by hyphenating orthogonal separation techniques but also by using complementary detection systems. In this review, two-dimensional systems containing CE in at least one dimension are reviewed, namely LC-CE or 2D CE systems. Particular attention is paid to the aspect of selectivity enhancement due to the orthogonality of the different separation mechanisms. As an alternative concept, dual detection approaches are reviewed using the common detectors of CE such as UV/VIS, laser-induced fluorescence, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity (C4D), electrochemical detection, and mass spectrometry. Special emphasis is given to dual detection systems implementing the highly flexible C4D as one detection component. Selectivity enhancement can be achieved in case of complementarity of the different detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Beutner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Herl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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4
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Risley JM, Chen DDY. Improved sensitivity by post-column chemical environment modification of CE-ESI-MS using a flow-through microvial interface. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1644-1648. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica May Risley
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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5
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A graphene oxide functionalized with 3-aminophenylboronic acid for the selective enrichment of nucleosides, and their separation by capillary electrophoresis. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Addition of reagents to the sheath liquid: A novel concept in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1343:182-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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7
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Kohler I, Schappler J, Rudaz S. Highly sensitive capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for rapid screening and accurate quantitation of drugs of abuse in urine. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 780:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Zürbig P, Jahn H. Use of proteomic methods in the analysis of human body fluids in Alzheimer research. Electrophoresis 2013; 33:3617-30. [PMID: 23160951 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics is the study of the entire population of proteins and peptides in an organism or a part of it, such as a cell, tissue, or fluids like cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, serum, urine, or saliva. It is widely assumed that changes in the composition of the proteome may reflect disease states and provide clues to its origin, eventually leading to targets for new treatments. The ability to perform large-scale proteomic studies now is based jointly on recent advances in our analytical methods. Separation techniques like CE and 2DE have developed and matured. Detection methods like MS have also improved greatly in the last 5 years. These developments have also driven the fields of bioinformatics, needed to deal with the increased data production and systems biology. All these developing methods offer specific advantages but also come with certain limitations. This review describes the different proteomic methods used in the field, their limitations, and their possible pitfalls. Based on a literature search in PubMed, we identified 112 studies that applied proteomic techniques to identify biomarkers for Alzheimer disease. This review describes the results of these studies on proteome changes in human body fluids of Alzheimer patients reviewing the most important studies. We extracted a list of 366 proteins and peptides that were identified by these studies as potential targets in Alzheimer research.
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is a powerful analytical tool, especially in the case of chiral separations, due to the fact that it combines the high efficiency, short analysis time, and versatility of the CE with the sensitivity, selectivity, and the capacity for the identification of unknown chiral compounds offered by MS detection. This chapter describes three methodologies enabling the chiral separation of cationic and anionic compounds using different strategies, illustrating the most employed approaches used in chiral CE-MS. The first methodology uses the partial filling technique for the enantioseparation of a cationic compound using a neutral cyclodextrin. Secondly, the enantioseparation of a cationic compound using low concentrations of a neutral cyclodextrin under acidic conditions is described. Finally, a methodology for the chiral separation of an anionic compound employing low concentrations of a native cyclodextrin under basic conditions is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Domínguez-Vega
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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10
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Bonvin G, Schappler J, Rudaz S. Capillary electrophoresis–electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry interfaces: Fundamental concepts and technical developments. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:17-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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11
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Pioch M, Bunz SC, Neusüss C. Capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry relevant to pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1517-30. [PMID: 22736352 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Advanced analytical techniques play a crucial role in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological field. In this context, capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CE/MS) has attracted attention due to efficient and selective separation in combination with powerful detection allowing identification and detailed characterization. Method developments and applications of CE/MS have been focused on questions not easily accessible by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) as the analysis of intact proteins, carbohydrates, and various small molecules, including peptides. Here, recent approaches and applications of CE/MS relevant to (bio)pharmaceuticals are reviewed and discussed to show actual developments and future prospects. Based on other reviews on related subjects covering large parts of previous works, the paper is focused on general ideas and contributions of the last 2 years; for the analysis of glycans, the period is extended back to 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Pioch
- Chemistry Department, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany
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12
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Bonvin G, Veuthey JL, Rudaz S, Schappler J. Evaluation of a sheathless nanospray interface based on a porous tip sprayer for CE-ESI-MS coupling. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:552-62. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Zhang Y, Huang L, Chen Q, Chen Z. A Silica Monolithic Column with Chemically Bonded l-Pipecolic Acid as Chiral Stationary Phase for Enantiomeric Separation of Dansyl Amino Acids by CEC–MS. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Dupont AL, Seemann A, Lavédrine B. Capillary electrophoresis with electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry for the characterisation of degradation products in aged papers. Talanta 2011; 89:301-9. [PMID: 22284496 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A methodology for capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (CE/ESI-MS) was developed for the simultaneous analysis of degradation products from paper among two families of compounds: low molar mass aliphatic organic acids, and aromatic (phenolic and furanic) compounds. The work comprises the optimisation of the CE separation and the ESI-MS parameters for improved sensitivity with model compounds using two successive designs of experiments. The method was applied to the analysis of lignocellulosic paper at different stages of accelerated hygrothermal ageing. The compounds of interest were identified. Most of them could be quantified and several additional analytes were separated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laurence Dupont
- Centre de recherche sur la conservation des collections, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS USR 3224, 36 rue Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, F-75005 Paris, France
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15
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Rabanes HR, Guidote AM, Quirino JP. Capillary electrophoresis of natural products: Highlights of the last five years (2006-2010). Electrophoresis 2011; 33:180-95. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Hommerson P, Khan AM, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Ionization techniques in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: principles, design, and application. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1096-1120. [PMID: 21462232 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A major step forward in the development and application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) was its coupling to ESI-MS, first reported in 1987. More than two decades later, ESI has remained the principal ionization technique in CE-MS, but a number of other ionization techniques have also been implemented. In this review the state-of-the-art in the employment of soft ionization techniques for CE-MS is presented. First the fundamentals and general challenges of hyphenating conventional CE and microchip electrophoresis with MS are outlined. After elaborating on the characteristics and role of ESI, emphasis is put on alternative ionization techniques including sonic spray ionization (SSI), thermospray ionization (TSI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and continuous-flow fast atom bombardment (CF-FAB). The principle of each ionization technique is outlined and the experimental set-ups of the CE-MS couplings are described. The strengths and limitations of each ionization technique with respect to CE-MS are discussed and the applicability of the various systems is illustrated by a number of typical examples.
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MESH Headings
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/instrumentation
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods
- Equipment Design/instrumentation
- Equipment Design/methods
- Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis
- Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry
- Proteins/analysis
- Proteins/chemistry
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hommerson
- Department of Biomedical Analysis, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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17
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Understanding mechanisms of pressure-assisted electrokinetic injection: Application to analysis of bromate, arsenic and selenium species in drinking water by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3095-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Marák J, Staňová A, Gajdoštínová S, Škultéty L, Kaniansky D. Some possibilities of an analysis of complex samples by a mass spectrometry with a sample pretreatment by an offline coupled preparative capillary isotachophoresis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1273-81. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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19
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Protein glycosylation analysis with capillary-based electromigrative separation techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12566-010-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Palanisami A, Miller JH. Simultaneous sizing and electrophoretic mobility measurement of sub-micron particles using Brownian motion. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3613-8. [PMID: 20882556 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The size and surface chemistry of micron scale particles are of fundamental importance in studies of biology and air particulate pollution. However, typical electrophoretic measurements of these and other sub-micron scale particles (300 nm-1 μm) cannot resolve size information within heterogeneous mixtures unambiguously. Using optical microscopy, we monitor electrophoretic motion together with the Brownian velocity fluctuations - using the latter to measure size by either the Green-Kubo relation or by calibration from known size standards. Particle diameters are resolved to ±12% with 95% confidence. Strikingly, the size resolution improves as the particle size decreases due to the increased Brownian motion. The sizing ability of the Brownian assessed electrophoresis method described here complements the electrophoretic mobility resolution of the traditional CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akilan Palanisami
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5002, USA.
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21
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Desiderio C, Iavarone F, Rossetti DV, Messana I, Castagnola M. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for the analysis of amino acids. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2385-93. [PMID: 20535752 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the recent contribution of CE-MS technology to the analysis of amino acids, as well as the advantages of the hyphenation and the technologies involved in the instrumental coupling are reported. Different sections are dedicated to the recent contributions of CE-MS to the analysis of protein amino acids and their post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and sulfation. CE-MS analysis of some amino acid derivatives, such as the free methylated-derivatives of arginine is also discussed. A section is specifically devoted to the CE-MS applications in the field of chiral separation of D- and L-amino acid enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica, Roma, Italy
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22
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Kind T, Fiehn O. Advances in structure elucidation of small molecules using mass spectrometry. BIOANALYTICAL REVIEWS 2010; 2:23-60. [PMID: 21289855 PMCID: PMC3015162 DOI: 10.1007/s12566-010-0015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The structural elucidation of small molecules using mass spectrometry plays an important role in modern life sciences and bioanalytical approaches. This review covers different soft and hard ionization techniques and figures of merit for modern mass spectrometers, such as mass resolving power, mass accuracy, isotopic abundance accuracy, accurate mass multiple-stage MS(n) capability, as well as hybrid mass spectrometric and orthogonal chromatographic approaches. The latter part discusses mass spectral data handling strategies, which includes background and noise subtraction, adduct formation and detection, charge state determination, accurate mass measurements, elemental composition determinations, and complex data-dependent setups with ion maps and ion trees. The importance of mass spectral library search algorithms for tandem mass spectra and multiple-stage MS(n) mass spectra as well as mass spectral tree libraries that combine multiple-stage mass spectra are outlined. The successive chapter discusses mass spectral fragmentation pathways, biotransformation reactions and drug metabolism studies, the mass spectral simulation and generation of in silico mass spectra, expert systems for mass spectral interpretation, and the use of computational chemistry to explain gas-phase phenomena. A single chapter discusses data handling for hyphenated approaches including mass spectral deconvolution for clean mass spectra, cheminformatics approaches and structure retention relationships, and retention index predictions for gas and liquid chromatography. The last section reviews the current state of electronic data sharing of mass spectra and discusses the importance of software development for the advancement of structure elucidation of small molecules. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12566-010-0015-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kind
- Genome Center–Metabolomics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- Genome Center–Metabolomics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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23
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Desiderio C, Rossetti DV, Iavarone F, Messana I, Castagnola M. Capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry: Recent trends in clinical proteomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1161-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Jecklin MC, Schmid S, Urban PL, Amantonico A, Zenobi R. Miniature flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow ion source for facile interfacing of CE with MS. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3597-605. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Zmatliková Z, Sedláková P, Lacinová K, Eckhardt A, Pataridis S, Mikšík I. Non-enzymatic posttranslational modifications of bovine serum albumin by oxo-compounds investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:8009-15. [PMID: 20828700 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic posttranslational modifications of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by various oxo-compounds (glucose, ribose, glyoxal and glutardialdehyde) have been investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Both of these methods used mass spectrometric (MS) detection. Three enzymes (trypsin, pepsin, proteinase K) were used to digest glycated BSA. The extent of modification depended on the selected oxo-compound. Reactivity increased progressively from glucose to glutardialdehyde (glucose<ribose<glyoxal<glutardialdehyde). Carboxymethylation of lysine (CML) was the main type of modification detected. The HPLC/MS method achieved higher coverage and a larger amount of CML was identified compared to CZE/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeňka Zmatliková
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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26
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Abstract
This review article addresses the developments and applications of capillary electromigration methods coupled on-line with MS for chiral analysis. The multiple enantiomeric applications of this hyphenated technology are covered including chiral analysis of drugs, food compounds, pesticides, natural metabolites, etc. in different matrices such as plasma, urine, medicines, foods, etc. This work intends to provide an updated overview (including works published till September 2009) on the principal chiral applications carried out by CZE-MS, CEC-MS and MEKC-MS, discussing their main advantages and drawbacks in all their different areas of application as well as their foreseeable development in the not too distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Simó
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Industrial Fermentations (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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27
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Felhofer JL, Blanes L, Garcia CD. Recent developments in instrumentation for capillary electrophoresis and microchip-capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2469-86. [PMID: 20665910 PMCID: PMC2928674 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, there has been an explosion in the number of developments and applications of CE and microchip-CE. In part, this growth has been the direct consequence of recent developments in instrumentation associated with CE. This review, which is focused on the contributions published in the last 5 years, is intended to complement the articles presented in this special issue dedicated to instrumentation and to provide an overview of the general trends and some of the most remarkable developments published in the areas of high-voltage power supplies, detectors, auxiliary components, and compact systems. It also includes a few examples of alternative uses of and modifications to traditional CE instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Felhofer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States of America
| | - Lucas Blanes
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States of America
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Maxwell EJ, Zhong X, Zhang H, van Zeijl N, Chen DDY. Decoupling CE and ESI for a more robust interface with MS. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1130-1137. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Servais AC, Fillet M, Mol R, Rousseau A, Crommen J, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. Influence of the BGE composition on analyte response in CD-mediated NACE-MS. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1157-1161. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Bytzek AK, Reithofer MR, Galanski M, Groessl M, Keppler BK, Hartinger CG. The first example of MEEKC-ICP-MS coupling and its application for the analysis of anticancer platinum complexes. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1144-1150. [PMID: 20349510 PMCID: PMC3512080 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
MEEKC is a powerful electrodriven separation technique with many applications in different disciplines, including medicinal chemistry; however, up to now the coupling to highly sensitive and selective MS detectors was limited due to the ion suppressive effect of the commonly used surfactant SDS. Herein, the first example of the coupling of MEEKC to ICP-MS is presented and an MEEKC method for the separation of Pt(II) and Pt(IV) anticancer drugs and drug candidates was developed. Different compositions of microemulsions were evaluated and the data were compared with those collected with standard ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) spectroscopy detection. The MEEKC-ICP-MS system was found to be more sensitive than MEEKC-UV/vis and the analysis of UV/vis silent compounds is now achievable. The migration behavior of the Pt(II) and Pt(IV) compounds under investigation is correlated to their different chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Bytzek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael R. Reithofer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Galanski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Groessl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian G. Hartinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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31
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Staňová A, Marák J, Maier V, Ranc V, Znaleziona J, Ševčík J, Kaniansky D. Analysis of buserelin in urine by online combination of capillary zone electrophoresis with electrospray mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1234-1240. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Reiter SM, Buchberger W, Klampfl CW. Investigations on the Influence of Interface-Geometry in CE-ESI-TOF-MS. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Guihen E, O'Connor WT. Capillary and microchip electrophoresis in microdialysis: recent applications. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:55-64. [PMID: 20039293 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The theme of this review is to highlight the importance of microscale electrophoretic-based separation systems in microdialysis (microD). The ability of CE and MCE to yield very rapid and highly efficient separations using just nanolitre volumes of microdialysate samples will also be discussed. Recent advances in this area will be highlighted, by illustration of some exciting new applications while the need for further innovation will be covered. The first section briefly introduces the concept of microD sampling coupled with electrophoresis-based separation and the inherent advantages of this approach. The following section highlights some specific applications of CE separations in the detection of important biomarkers such as low-molecular-weight neurotransmitters, amino acids, and other molecules that are frequently encountered in microD. Various detection modes in CE are outlined and some of the advantages and drawbacks thereof are discussed. The last section introduces the concepts of micro-total analysis systems and the coupling of MCE and microD. Some of the latest innovations will be illustrated. The concluding section reflects on the future of this important chemical alliance between microD and CE/MCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Guihen
- Graduate Entry Medical School and Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Ryvolová M, Preisler J, Foret F, Hauser PC, Krásenský P, Paull B, Macka M. Combined Contactless Conductometric, Photometric, and Fluorimetric Single Point Detector for Capillary Separation Methods. Anal Chem 2009; 82:129-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902376v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Ryvolová
- Irish Separation Science Cluster and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Chemistry and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Preisler
- Irish Separation Science Cluster and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Chemistry and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - František Foret
- Irish Separation Science Cluster and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Chemistry and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter C. Hauser
- Irish Separation Science Cluster and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Chemistry and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Krásenský
- Irish Separation Science Cluster and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Chemistry and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brett Paull
- Irish Separation Science Cluster and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Chemistry and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirek Macka
- Irish Separation Science Cluster and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Chemistry and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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35
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Lu M, Zhang L, Lu Q, Chi Y, Chen G. Rapid analysis of peptides and amino acids by CE-ESI-MS using chemically modified fused-silica capillaries. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2273-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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36
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Klampfl CW. CE with MS detection: A rapidly developing hyphenated technique. Electrophoresis 2009; 30 Suppl 1:S83-91. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Bailón-Pérez MI, García-Campaña AM, del Olmo Iruela M, Cruces-Blanco C, Gracia LG. Multiresidue determination of penicillins in environmental waters and chicken muscle samples by means of capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1708-17. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Klampfl CW, Andersen L, Haunschmidt M, Himmelsbach M, Buchberger W. Analysis of melamine in milk powder by CZE using UV detection and hyphenation with ESI quadrupole/TOF MS detection. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1743-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Staub A, Schappler J, Rudaz S, Veuthey JL. CE-TOF/MS: Fundamental concepts, instrumental considerations and applications. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1610-23. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry for biospeciation analysis: critical evaluation. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Helmja K, Borissova M, Knjazeva T, Jaanus M, Muinasmaa U, Kaljurand M, Vaher M. Fraction collection in capillary electrophoresis for various stand-alone mass spectrometers. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3666-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Kim J, Chun MS, Choi K, Chung DS. Large volume stacking using an EOF pump in NACE-MS. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1046-51. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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de la Iglesia P, Gago-Martínez A. Determination of yessotoxins and pectenotoxins in shellfish by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2009; 26:221-8. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030802290522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Weissinger EM, Dickinson AM. Immunogenomics and proteomics in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: predicting post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant complications. Cancer Treat Res 2009; 144:95-129. [PMID: 19779872 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-78580-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Weissinger
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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45
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Pantůčková P, Gebauer P, Boček P, Křivánková L. Electrolyte systems for on-line CE-MS: Detection requirements and separation possibilities. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:203-14. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Preinerstorfer B, Lämmerhofer M, Lindner W. Advances in enantioselective separations using electromigration capillary techniques. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:100-32. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Improved analysis of melamine–formaldehyde resins by capillary zone electrophoresis–mass spectrometry using ion-trap and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometers. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1213:83-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Drover VJ, Bottaro CS. Determination of pharmaceuticals in drinking water by CD-modified MEKC: Separation optimization using experimental design. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3740-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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49
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Yang WC, Regnier FE, Adamec J. Comparative metabolite profiling of carboxylic acids in rat urine by CE-ESI MS/MS through positively pre-charged and (2)H-coded derivatization. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4549-60. [PMID: 19035407 PMCID: PMC3475607 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to the selective comparative metabolite profiling of carboxylic acids in rat urine was established using CE-MS and a method for positively pre-charged and (2)H-coded derivatization. Novel derivatizing reagents, N-alkyl-4-aminomethyl-pyridinum iodide (alkyl = butyl, butyl-d9 or hexyl), containing quaternary amine and stable-isotope atoms (deuterium), were introduced for the derivatization of carboxylic acids. CE separation in positive polarity showed high reproducibility (0.99-1.32% RSD of migration time) and eliminated problems with capillary coating known in CE-MS anion analyses. Essentially complete ionization and increased hydrophobicity after the derivatization also enhanced MS detection sensitivity (e.g. formic acid was detected at 0.5 pg). Simultaneous derivatization of one sample using two structurally similar reagents, N-butyl-4-aminomethyl-pyridinum iodide (BAMP) and N-hexyl-4-aminomethyl-pyridinum iodide, provided additional information for recognizing a carboxylic acid in an unknown sample. Moreover, characteristic fragmentation acquired by online CE-MS/MS allowed for identification and categorization of carboxylic acids. Applying this method on rat urine, we found 59 ions matching the characteristic patterns of carboxylic acids. From these 59, 32 ions were positively identified and confirmed with standards. For comparative analysis, 24 standard carboxylic acids were derivatized by chemically identical but isotopically distinct BAMP and N-butyl-d9-4-aminomethyl-pyridinium iodide, and their derivatization limits and linearity ranges were determined. Comparative analysis was also performed on two individual urine samples derivatized with BAMP and N-butyl-d9-4-aminomethyl-pyridinium iodide. The metabolite profiling variation between these two samples was clearly visualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chu Yang
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Fred E. Regnier
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Jiri Adamec
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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50
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Benavente F, Andón B, Giménez E, Olivieri AC, Barbosa J, Sanz-Nebot V. A multiway approach for classification and characterization of rabbit liver apothioneins by CE-ESI-MS. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4355-67. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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