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Neequaye T, El Rassi Z. Poly(carboxyethyl acrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) precursor monolith with bonded (S)-(-)-1-(2-naphthyl) ethylamine ligands for use in chiral and achiral separations by capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463713. [PMID: 36535112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this research report, the previously developed poly(carboxyethyl acrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) precursor monolith (referred to as carboxy monolith) is further exploited in the preparation of a chiral stationary phase for enantiomeric separations. The carboxy monolith precursor was subjected to post polymerization functionalization (PPF) with the chiral selector (S)-(-)-1-(2-naphthyl) ethylamine (NAS) at room temperature in the presence of N, N´-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) in chloroform. The DCC, which is an organic soluble carbodiimide, permits the linkage for the amine functionality of the chiral ligand NAS to the carboxy group of the monolithic surface forming a stable amide linkage. The NAS column thus obtained allowed not only enantiomeric separations in the RP mode via its chiral site but also the separation of nonpolar species via its achiral functionality offering both hydrophobic and π-π interactions for aromatic compounds such toluene derivatives and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The dual interaction sites (e.g., chiral, and achiral) of the NAS present a convenient column for the separations of slightly polar and nonpolar chiral and achiral solutes in the RP mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus Neequaye
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Ziad El Rassi
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States.
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2
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Recent advances in preparation and applications of monolithic chiral stationary phases. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Xu D, Wang Q, Sánchez-López E, Jiang Z, Marina ML. Preparation of an O-[2-(methacryloyloxy)-ethylcarbamoyl]-10,11-dihydroquinidine-silica hybrid monolithic column for the enantioseparation of amino acids by nano-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1593:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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4
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Noel Echevarria R, Carrasco-Correa EJ, Keunchkarian S, Reta M, Herrero-Martinez JM. Photografted methacrylate-based monolithic columns coated with cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) for chiral separation in CEC. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1424-1432. [PMID: 29385319 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A chiral capillary monolithic column for enantiomer separation in capillary electrochromatography was prepared by coating cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) on porous glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate monolith in capillary format grafted with chains of [2(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride. The surface modification of the monolith by the photografting of [2(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride monomer as well as the coating conditions of cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) onto the grafted monolithic scaffold were optimized to obtain a stable and reproducible chiral stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography. The effect of organic modifier (acetonitrile) in aqueous mobile phase for the enantiomer separation by capillary electrochromatography was also investigated. Several pairs of enantiomers including acidic, neutral, and basic analytes were tested and most of them were partially or completely resolved under aqueous mobile phases. The prepared monolithic chiral stationary phases exhibited a good stability, repeatability, and column-to-column reproducibility, with relative standard deviations below 11% in the studied electrochromatographic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Noel Echevarria
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo en Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Bs. As., Argentina
| | | | - Sonia Keunchkarian
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo en Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Bs. As., Argentina
| | - Mario Reta
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo en Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Bs. As., Argentina
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Viveros-Ceballos JL, Ordóñez M, Sayago FJ, Cativiela C. Stereoselective Synthesis of α-Amino-C-phosphinic Acids and Derivatives. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091141. [PMID: 27589703 PMCID: PMC6274224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Amino-C-phosphinic acids and derivatives are an important group of compounds of synthetic and medicinal interest and particular attention has been dedicated to their stereoselective synthesis in recent years. Among these, phosphinic pseudopeptides have acquired pharmacological importance in influencing physiologic and pathologic processes, primarily acting as inhibitors for proteolytic enzymes where molecular stereochemistry has proven to be critical. This review summarizes the latest developments in the asymmetric synthesis of acyclic and phosphacyclic α-amino-C-phosphinic acids and derivatives, following in the first case an order according to the strategy used, whereas for cyclic compounds the nitrogen embedding in the heterocyclic core is considered. In addition selected examples of pharmacological implications of title compounds are also disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Viveros-Ceballos
- Secretaría Académica, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Mario Ordóñez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Francisco J Sayago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, ISQCH, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Carlos Cativiela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, ISQCH, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Wang Q, Zhu P, Ruan M, Wu H, Peng K, Han H, Somsen GW, Crommen J, Jiang Z. Chiral separation of acidic compounds using an O-9-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)quinidine functionalized monolith in micro-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1444:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Separation of N-derivatized di- and tri-peptide stereoisomers by micro-liquid chromatography using a quinidine-based monolithic column – Analysis of l-carnosine in dietary supplements. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1428:176-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Kaboudin B, Faghihi MR, Kazemi F, Yokomatsu T. Resolution of Enantiomers of Novel C
2
-Symmetric Aminobisphosphinic Acids via Diastereomeric Salt Formation With Quinine. Chirality 2014; 27:71-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Kaboudin
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS); Zanjan Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Faghihi
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS); Zanjan Iran
| | - Foad Kazemi
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS); Zanjan Iran
| | - Tsutomu Yokomatsu
- School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; Tokyo Japan
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Ali I, Al-Othman ZA, Al-Warthan A, Asnin L, Chudinov A. Advances in chiral separations of small peptides by capillary electrophoresis and chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2447-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University); New Delhi India
| | - Zeid A. Al-Othman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Warthan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonid Asnin
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University; Perm Russia
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Al-Othman ZA, Al-Warthan A, Ali I. Advances in enantiomeric resolution on monolithic chiral stationary phases in liquid chromatography and electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1033-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeid A. Al-Othman
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Warthan
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry; Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University); New Delhi India
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12
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Rocco A, Maruška A, Fanali S. Enantiomeric separations by means of nano-LC. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:421-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rocco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnologies; Vytautas Magnus University; Kaunas Lithuania
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Rome Italy
| | - Audrius Maruška
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnologies; Vytautas Magnus University; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Rome Italy
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KITAGAWA F, SUDAKI H, SUEYOSHI K, OTSUKA K. Open-tubular Electrochromatographic Chiral Separation of Amino Acids Using an Organic Nanocrystals Immobilized Capillary. ANAL SCI 2013; 29:107-12. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.29.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko KITAGAWA
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
| | - Hiroshi SUDAKI
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Kenji SUEYOSHI
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Koji OTSUKA
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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Synthesis and modifications of phosphinic dipeptide analogues. Molecules 2012; 17:13530-68. [PMID: 23154272 PMCID: PMC6268094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171113530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudopeptides containing the phosphinate moiety (-P(O)(OH)CH2-) have been studied extensively, mainly as transition state analogue inhibitors of metalloproteases. The key synthetic aspect of their chemistry is construction of phosphinic dipeptide derivatives bearing appropriate side-chain substituents. Typically, this synthesis involves a multistep preparation of two individual building blocks, which are combined in the final step. As this methodology does not allow simple variation of the side-chain structure, many efforts have been dedicated to the development of alternative approaches. Recent achievements in this field are summarized in this review. Improved methods for the formation of the phosphinic peptide backbone, including stereoselective and multicomponent reactions, are presented. Parallel modifications leading to the structurally diversified substituents are also described. Finally, selected examples of the biomedical applications of the title compounds are given.
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15
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Mangelings D, Vander Heyden Y. Enantioselective capillary electrochromatography: recent developments and new trends. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2583-601. [PMID: 21910129 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Since its development in the early 1970s, CEC has been studied quite extensively, but unfortunately its use is still mostly located at an academic level. Reasons for this are the limited availability of commercially available stationary phases (SPs) and columns, along with some practical limitations, such as column fragility, lack of column robustness and reproducibility. Nevertheless, CEC maintains a place among the separation techniques, probably because of its unique feature to combine two separation principles. Also in the field of chiral separations, CEC is often used as a separation technique and already showed its potential for this kind of analyses. This overview will focus on the recent applications, i.e. between 2006 and 2010, in enantioselective analysis by means of CEC. For the selected applications, the used SPs (chiral selectors) and their potential for future method development or screening purposes will be evaluated and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Mangelings
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Lv C, Liu Y, Mangelings D, Vander Heyden Y. Enantioselectivity of monolithic silica stationary phases immobilized with different concentrations cellulose tris (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate), analyzed with different mobile phases in capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2708-17. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Can NO. HPLC determination of cefprozil in tablets using monolithic and C18 silica columns. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2223-31. [PMID: 21557474 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cefprozil (CPZ) is a second-generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic that commonly exists as the mixture of Z and E diastereoisomers, at the ratio of approximately 9:1. A novel reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of CPZ in tablets was described. The separation of CPZ diastereoisomers and caffeine (internal standard) was carried out by applying the same analytical and instrumental conditions on two stationary phases, which have different surface chemistries. The columns used in the study were monolithic silica Merck Chromolith Performance RP-18e and conventional C18 silica Phenomenex Synergi Hydro RP columns. In total, 10 μL aliquots of samples were injected into the system and eluted using water-acetonitrile (90:10, v/v) solution, which was pumped through the column at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The analyte peaks were detected at 200 nm using diode array detector with high specificity. CPZ diastereoisomers and caffeine were measured within 13 min using the C18 column, whereas <5 min was required for the monolithic one. Validation studies were performed according to official recommendations. Value of a monolithic column for the assay of diastereoisomers in pharmaceutical tablets was evaluated for the first time and found as a powerful alternative to highly efficient C18 columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiz O Can
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
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18
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Monoliths with chiral surface functionalization for enantioselective capillary electrochromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1091-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chankvetadze B. Monolithic chiral stationary phases for liquid-phase enantioseparation techniques. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:305-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wistuba D. Chiral silica-based monoliths in chromatography and capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:941-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Buchinger S, Follrich B, Lämmerhofer M, Lubda D, Lindner W. Chirally functionalized anion-exchange type silica monolith for enantiomer separation of 2-aryloxypropionic acid herbicides by non-aqueous capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3804-13. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Jin J, Hyun MH, Park JH. Chiral separation of amides of amino acid on a (S)-N
-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)leucine-N
-phenyl-N
-propylamide-bonded silica using nonaqueous capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2421-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Scriba GKE. Recent developments in peptide stereoisomer separations by capillary electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2009; 30 Suppl 1:S222-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kim IW, Hyun MH, Gwon J, Jin J, Park JH. Enantioseparation of amino acid amides on an (S)-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)leucine-N-phenyl-N-propylamide-bonded silica in normal phase CEC. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1015-21. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tian Y, Zhong C, Fu E, Zeng Z. Novel β-cyclodextrin derivative functionalized polymethacrylate-based monolithic columns for enantioselective separation of ibuprofen and naproxen enantiomers in capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1000-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2008] [Revised: 11/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dong X, Wu R, Dong J, Wu M, Zhu Y, Zou H. Recent progress of polar stationary phases in CEC and capillary liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:141-54. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Thermo-responsive monolithic materials. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1203:160-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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D'Orazio G, Fanali S. Enantiomeric separation by using nano-liquid chromatography with on-column focusing. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2567-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tian Y, Yang F, Yang X, Fu E, Xu Y, Zeng Z. Macrocyclic polyamine-modified poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith for capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2293-300. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Mucha A, Lämmerhofer M, Lindner W, Pawełczak M, Kafarski P. Individual stereoisomers of phosphinic dipeptide inhibitor of leucine aminopeptidase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1550-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tian Y, Zhang L, Zeng Z, Li H. Calix[4] open-chain crown ether-modified, vinyl-functionalized hybrid silica monolith for capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:960-70. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Preinerstorfer B, Lämmerhofer M. Recent accomplishments in the field of enantiomer separation by CEC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2527-65. [PMID: 17607806 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present review intends to summarize recent developments in the field of enantioselective separations and analysis by CEC. It covers studies published in English language in common peer-reviewed journals within the period between 2003 and 2006. Both, methods making use of chiral mobile phase additives as well as chiral stationary phases for electrochromatographic enantiomer separations, are reviewed. Achievements that have been made on the various column technologies, such as open-tubular, particle-packed, inorganic, organic and particle-fixed (hybrid-type) monolithic as well as molecularly imprinted polymer phases, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Preinerstorfer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Recognition Materials, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Chambers SD, Glenn KM, Lucy CA. Developments in ion chromatography using monolithic columns. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:1628-45. [PMID: 17623445 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this review is on current status and on-going developments in ion chromatography (IC) using monolithic phases. The use and potential of both silica and polymeric monoliths in IC is discussed, with silica monoliths achieving efficiencies upwards of 10(5) plates/m for inorganic ions in a few minutes or less. Ion exchange capacity can be introduced onto the monolithic columns through the addition of ion interaction reagents to the eluent, coating of the monolith with ionic surfactants or polyelectrolyte latexes, and covalent bonding. The majority of the studies to date have used surfactant-coated columns, but the stability of surfactant coatings limits this approach. Applications of monolithic IC columns to the separation of inorganic anions and cations are tabulated. Finally, a discussion on the recent commercialization of monolithic IC columns and the use of monolithic phases for IC peripherals such as preconcentrator columns, microextractors and suppressors is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D Chambers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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