Determination of chloroplatinates by CE coupled to inductively coupled plasma sector field MS

Capillary Electrophoresis-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

During the recent years, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been fully established as a powerful tool in separation sciences as well as in element speciation. This road of success is based on the rapid analysis time, low sample requirements, high separation efficiency, and low operating costs of CE. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is known for superior detection and multielement capability. Consequently, the combination of both instruments is approved for analysis of complex sample types at low element concentrations which require high detection power. Also the diversity of potential applications brings CE-ICP-MS coupling into central focus of element speciation. The key to successful combination of ICP-MS as an (multi-)element selective detector for CE is the availability of a suitable and effective interface.Therefore, this chapter summarizes the most important and basic principles about coupling of capillary electrophoresis to ICP-MS. Specifically, the major requirements for interfacing are described and technical solutions are given. Such solutions include the closing of the electrical circuit from CE at the nebulization, the adoption of flow rates for efficient nebulization, the reduction of a suction flow through the capillary, caused by the nebulizer, and maintaining the high separation resolution from CE across the interface for ICP-MS detection. Additionally, detailed information is presented to determine and quantify the siphoning suction through the CE capillary by the nebulizer. Finally, two applications, namely, the manganese and selenium speciation in cerebrospinal fluid are shown as examples, providing the relevant operational parameter.

Analytical methods for the determination of halogens in bioanalytical sciences: a review

Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine have been studied in biological samples and other related matrices owing to the need to understand the biochemical effects in living organisms. In this review, the works published in last 20 years are covered, and the main topics related to sample preparation methods and analytical techniques commonly used for fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine determination in biological samples, food, drugs, and plants used as food or with medical applications are discussed. The commonest sample preparation methods, as extraction and decomposition using combustion and pyrohydrolysis, are reviewed, as well as spectrometric and electroanalytical techniques, spectrophotometry, total reflection X-ray fluorescence, neutron activation analysis, and separation systems using chromatography and electrophoresis. On this aspect, the main analytical challenges and drawbacks are highlighted. A discussion related to the availability of certified reference materials for evaluation of accuracy is also included, as well as a discussion of the official methods used as references for the determination of halogens in the samples covered in this review.

Microflow injection chemiluminescence system with spiral microchannel for the determination of cisplatin in human serum

A new microflow injection chemiluminescence (μFI-CL) system was described for the determination of cisplatin in human serum. By using the microchip with double spiral channel configuration, the sensitivity was greatly enhanced due to more efficient mixing of the analyte and reagent solutions. Experimental results revealed that common ions in human serum, such as Mn(2+), Co(2+), Fe(3+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Ni(2+), Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), Cl(-), NO(3)(-), Ac(-), CO(3)(2-), PO(4)(3-), SO(4)(2-) did not cause interference with the detection of Pt(II) by using 1,10-phenanthroline as the masking agent. Under the optimized conditions, a linear calibration curve (R(2)=0.998) over the range 2.0 × 10(-8) to 2.0 × 10(-6) mol L(-1) was obtained with the detection limit of 1.24 × 10(-9) mol L(-1). The relative standard deviation was found to be 3.46% (n=12) for 2.0 × 10(-7) mol L(-1). The sample consumption was only 2 μL with the sample throughput of 72 h(-1). It had been used for trace platinum determination in cisplatin injection and human serum samples after the dosage of cisplatin. The recovery varied from 97.6 to 103.9%. The results proved that the proposed μFI-CL system had the advantages of high sensitivity and precision, low sample and reagents consumption, and high analytical throughput.