1
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Lu LD, Salvino JM. The In-Cell Western immunofluorescence assay to monitor PROTAC mediated protein degradation. Methods Enzymol 2023; 681:115-153. [PMID: 36764754 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The In-Cell Western plate-based immunofluorescence assay is a useful methodology for monitoring protein levels and provides a facile moderate through-put method for PROTAC and degrader optimization. The method is compared to other reported assays used for PROTAC development. The advantages of this method are the greater through-put compared to Western blots due to its plate-based method and the ease to transfer between cells lines. Adherent cell lines are preferred, although suspension cells can be used following recommended modifications and precautions to the protocol. This method requires a high-quality antibody that recognizes the protein epitope in its cellular context, and in general provides data similar to Western blots with higher assay through-put.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily D Lu
- Molecular Screening and Protein Expression Facility, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph M Salvino
- Molecular Screening and Protein Expression Facility, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Medicinal Chemistry, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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2
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Sharmeen S, Kyei I, Hatch A, Hage DS. Analysis of drug interactions with serum proteins and related binding agents by affinity capillary electrophoresis: A review. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2302-2323. [PMID: 36250426 PMCID: PMC10098505 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecules such as serum proteins can interact with drugs in the body and influence their pharmaceutical effects. Specific and precise methods that analyze these interactions are critical for drug development or monitoring and for diagnostic purposes. Affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) is one technique that can be used to examine the binding between drugs and serum proteins, or other agents found in serum or blood. This article will review the basic principles of ACE, along with related affinity-based capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods, and examine recent developments that have occurred in this field as related to the characterization of drug-protein interactions. An overview will be given of the various formats that can be used in ACE and CE for such work, including the relative advantages or weaknesses of each approach. Various applications of ACE and affinity-based CE methods for the analysis of drug interactions with serum proteins and other binding agents will also be presented. Applications of ACE and related techniques that will be discussed include drug interaction studies with serum agents, chiral drug separations employing serum proteins, and the use of CE in hybrid methods to characterize drug binding with serum proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sharmeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Isaac Kyei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Arden Hatch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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3
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Opallage PM, De Silva M, Dunn RC. Dual detection high-speed capillary electrophoresis for simultaneous serum protein analysis and immunoassays. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1951. [PMID: 35121780 PMCID: PMC8817013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) separates serum proteins into bands whose shape and amplitude can alert clinicians to a range of disorders. This is followed by more specific immunoassays to quantify important antigens and confirm a diagnosis. Here we develop a high-speed capillary electrophoresis (HSCE) platform capable of simultaneous SPE and immunoassay measurements. A single laser excitation source is focused into the detection zone of the capillary to measure both refractive index (SPE) and fluorescence signals (immunoassays). The refractive index signal measures characteristic SPE profiles for human serum separated in 100 mM boric acid (pH 10), 100 mM arginine (pH 11), and 20 mM CHES (pH 10). For the immunoassay, the fluorescence electropherograms reveal that CHES provides the optimal buffer for measuring the immunocomplex and separating it from the free antigen. Immunoassays in CHES yield a LOD of 23 nM and a LOQ of 70 nM for the detection of fluorescein. The high pH reduces protein adsorption but reduces antibody affinity. Preliminary studies carried out in 50 mM barbital at pH 8 show improved stability of the immunocomplex and better separation for immunoassay quantification. Further optimization will open new capabilities for measuring orthogonal diagnostic signals in seconds with HSCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhavie M Opallage
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Miyuru De Silva
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Robert C Dunn
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA.
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4
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Li Y, Yu F, Chen S, Zhang N, Wang H, Zhao Q. Immunoassay of Small Molecule Mediated by a Triply Functional DNA. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4794-4799. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yapiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangzhi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaokun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
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5
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Wang FM, Huang SH, Yuan CC, Yeh CT, Chen WL, Wang XC, Runprapan N, Tsai YJ, Chuang YL, Su CH. Detection of O-glycosylated CA125 by using an electrochemical immunosensor for ovarian cancer diagnosis. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-020-01477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Nevídalová H, Michalcová L, Glatz Z. Capillary electrophoresis-based immunoassay and aptamer assay: A review. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:414-433. [PMID: 31975407 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the group of techniques called affinity probe CE has been widely used for the detection and the determination of several types of biomolecules with high sensitivity. These techniques combine the low sample consumption and high separation power of CE with the selectivity of the probe to the target molecule. The assays can be defined according to the type of probe used: CE immunoassays, with an antibody as the probe, or aptamer-based CE, with an aptamer as the probe. Immunoassays are generally divided into homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, and homogeneous variant can be further performed in competitive or noncompetitive formats. Interacting partners are free in solution at homogeneous assay, as opposed to heterogeneous analyses, where one of them is immobilized onto a solid support. Highly sensitive fluorescence, chemiluminescence or electrochemical detections were typically used in this type of study. The use of the aptamers as probes has several advantages over antibodies such as shorter generation time, higher thermal stability, lower price, and lower variability. The aptamer-based CE technique was in practice utilized for the determination of proteins in biological fluids and environmentally or clinically important small molecules. Both techniques were also transferred to microchip. This review is focused on theoretical principles of these techniques and a summary of their applications in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Nevídalová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Michalcová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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7
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Thormann W. Capillary electrophoresis for the determination of drugs in biological fluids. HANDBOOK OF ANALYTICAL SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64066-6.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Zhang C, Woolfork AG, Suh K, Ovbude S, Bi C, Elzoeiry M, Hage DS. Clinical and pharmaceutical applications of affinity ligands in capillary electrophoresis: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 177:112882. [PMID: 31542417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) is a separation technique that combines a biologically-related binding agent with the separating power and efficiency of capillary electrophoresis. This review will examine several classes of binding agents that have been used in ACE and applications that have been described for the resulting methods in clinical or pharmaceutical analysis. Binding agents that will be considered are antibodies, aptamers, lectins, serum proteins, carbohydrates, and enzymes. This review will also describe the various formats in which each type of binding agent has been used in CE, including both homogeneous and heterogeneous methods. Specific areas of applications that will be considered are CE-based immunoassays, glycoprotein/glycan separations, chiral separations, and biointeraction studies. The general principles and formats of ACE for each of these applications will be examined, along with the potential advantages or limitations of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA
| | - Ashley G Woolfork
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA
| | - Kyungah Suh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA
| | - Susan Ovbude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA
| | - Cong Bi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA
| | - Marawan Elzoeiry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA.
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9
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Nguyen BT, Kang MJ. Application of Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence to Immunoassays and Enzyme Assays. Molecules 2019; 24:E1977. [PMID: 31121978 PMCID: PMC6571882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis using laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) is one of the most sensitive separation tools among electrical separation methods. The use of CE-LIF in immunoassays and enzyme assays has gained a reputation in recent years for its high detection sensitivity, short analysis time, and accurate quantification. Immunoassays are bioassay platforms that rely on binding reactions between an antigen (analyte) and a specific antibody. Enzyme assays measure enzymatic activity through quantitative analysis of substrates and products by the reaction of enzymes in purified enzyme or cell systems. These two category analyses play an important role in the context of biopharmaceutical analysis, clinical therapy, drug discovery, and diagnosis analysis. This review discusses the expanding portfolio of immune and enzyme assays using CE-LIF and focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of these methods over the ten years of existing technology since 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Thanh Nguyen
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology (Biological Chemistry), Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology (Biological Chemistry), Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea.
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10
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Sun L, Li Y, Wang H, Zhao Q. An aptamer assay for aflatoxin B1 detection using Mg 2+ mediated free zone capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser induced fluorescence. Talanta 2019; 204:182-188. [PMID: 31357280 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We described an aptamer based and Mg2+ mediated free zone capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) assay for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) detection. This CE-LIF assay applied an anti-AFB1 aptamer with a single fluorescein (FAM) label at 5' end and a short complementary DNA (cDNA). In the absence of AFB1, the cDNA hybridized with the aptamer probe and formed a duplex DNA. The use of running buffer containing MgCl2 allowed good isolation of the duplex DNA from the single stranded DNA in CE. We found introducing a biotin label on the cDNA further improved the isolation. When AFB1 existed in sample solution, the aptamer probe bound with AFB1, dissociating from the duplex DNA. Thus, the duplex DNA peak decreased, while the aptamer probe peak increased during CE-LIF analysis. We achieved detection of AFB1 by measuring the aptamer probe peak. The length of cDNA, the ratio of aptamer to cDNA, and the concentration of MgCl2 in sample buffer and separation buffer had great effect on the aptamer based CE-LIF assay. Under optimized conditions, the detection limit of AFB1 was 0.2 nM, and the dynamic range was from 0.2 nM to 500 nM. Limit of quantitation was 0.5 nM. This CE-LIF assay enabled detection of AFB1 spiked in diluted human serum, diluted human urine, and corn flour samples. This assay exhibits potential for wide application as it integrates the rapidity, high sensitivity, low sample consumption of CE-LIF analysis and the strengths of aptamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yapiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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11
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Nevídalová H, Michalcová L, Glatz Z. Capillary electrophoresis-based approaches for the study of affinity interactions combined with various sensitive and nontraditional detection techniques. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:625-642. [PMID: 30600537 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all processes in living organisms are controlled and regulated by the synergy of many biomolecule interactions involving proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, nucleotides, saccharides, and small molecular weight ligands. There is growing interest in understanding them, not only for the purposes of interactomics as an essential part of system biology, but also in their further elucidation in disease pathology, diagnostics, and treatment. The necessity of detailed investigation of these interactions leads to the requirement of laboratory methods characterized by high efficiency and sensitivity. As a result, many instrumental approaches differing in their fundamental principles have been developed, including those based on capillary electrophoresis. Although capillary electrophoresis offers numerous advantages for such studies, it still has one serious limitation, its poor concentration sensitivity with the most commonly used detection method-ultraviolet-visible spectrometry. However, coupling capillary electrophoresis with a more sensitive detector fulfils the above-mentioned requirement. In this review, capillary electrophoresis combined with fluorescence, mass spectrometry, and several nontraditional detection techniques in affinity interaction studies are summarized and discussed, together with the possibility of conducting these measurements in microchip format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Nevídalová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Michalcová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Razmi N, Hasanzadeh M. Current advancement on diagnosis of ovarian cancer using biosensing of CA 125 biomarker: Analytical approaches. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Moser AC, Trenhaile S, Frankenberg K. Studies of antibody-antigen interactions by capillary electrophoresis: A review. Methods 2018; 146:66-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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14
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Giri B, Liu Y, Nchocho FN, Corcoran RC, Dutta D. Microfluidic ELISA employing an enzyme substrate and product species with similar detection properties. Analyst 2018; 143:989-998. [PMID: 29379908 PMCID: PMC5929976 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01671a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The requirement for an enzyme label to carry out a chemical reaction directly at the signaling region of the enzyme substrate in order to produce a large change in its detectability places a significant constraint on the scope of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). In particular, this requirement limits the kinds of enzyme label-substrate couples employable in ELISAs and prevents their independent optimization with respect to the enzyme reaction and the detectability of the enzyme reaction substrate/product. The detection limit and multiplexing capabilities of the assay are consequently restricted in addition to rendering the technique applicable to a narrow range of assay conditions/samples. Attempting to address some of these limitations, the current article describes a microfluidic ELISA method that does not require the enzyme label to act around the signaling region of the substrate molecule. A highly detectable rhodamine based substrate was synthesized to demonstrate the reported assay which upon cleavage by the enzyme label, alkaline phosphatase, transformed from a monoanionic to a monocationic species, both of which had nearly identical fluorescence properties. These species were later separated based on their charge difference using capillary zone electrophoresis in an integrated device yielding a quantitative measure for the analyte (human TNF-α) in our sample. Impressively, the noted approach not only enabled the use of a new kind of enzyme substrate for ELISAs but also allowed the detection of human TNF-α at concentrations over 54-fold lower than that possible on commercial microwell plates primarily due to the better detectability of the rhodamine dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant Giri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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15
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Zhang C, Rodriguez E, Bi C, Zheng X, Suresh D, Suh K, Li Z, Elsebaei F, Hage DS. High performance affinity chromatography and related separation methods for the analysis of biological and pharmaceutical agents. Analyst 2018; 143:374-391. [PMID: 29200216 PMCID: PMC5768458 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01469d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed the development of many high-performance separation methods that use biologically related binding agents. The combination of HPLC with these binding agents results in a technique known as high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC). This review will discuss the general principles of HPAC and related techniques, with an emphasis on their use for the analysis of biological compounds and pharmaceutical agents. Various types of binding agents for these methods will be considered, including antibodies, immunoglobulin-binding proteins, aptamers, enzymes, lectins, transport proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Formats that will be discussed for these methods range from the direct detection of an analyte to indirect detection based on chromatographic immunoassays, as well as schemes based on analyte extraction or depletion, post-column detection, and multi-column systems. The use of biological agents in HPLC for chiral separations will also be considered, along with the use of HPAC as a tool to screen or study biological interactions. Various examples will be presented to illustrate these approaches and their applications in fields such as biochemistry, clinical chemistry, and pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
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16
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Nguyen BT, Park M, Yoo YS, Kang MJ. Capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF)-based immunoassay for quantifying antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides. Analyst 2018; 143:3141-3147. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00714d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CE-LIF based immunoassay to quantify antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Thanh Nguyen
- Molecular Recognition Research Center
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Seoul 02792
- Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology (Biological Chemistry)
| | - Min Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hallym University
- Chuncheon-si
- Korea
- Integrative Materials Research Institute
| | - Young Sook Yoo
- Molecular Recognition Research Center
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Seoul 02792
- Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Molecular Recognition Research Center
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Seoul 02792
- Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology (Biological Chemistry)
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17
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Nelson GM, Guynn JM, Chorley BN. Procedure and Key Optimization Strategies for an Automated Capillary Electrophoretic-based Immunoassay Method. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28930974 PMCID: PMC5752198 DOI: 10.3791/55911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
New technologies that utilize capillary-based immunoassays promise faster and more quantitative protein assessment compared to traditional immunoassays. However, similar to other antibody-based protein assays, optimization of capillary-based immunoassay parameters, such as protein concentration, antibody dilution, and exposure time is an important prerequisite to the generation of meaningful and reliable data. Measurements must fall within the linear range of the assay where changes in signal are directly proportional to changes in lysate concentration. The process of choosing appropriate lysate concentrations, antibody dilutions, and exposure times in the human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B, is demonstrated here. Assay linearity is shown over a range of whole cell extract protein concentrations with p53 and α-tubulin antibodies. An example of signal burnout is seen at the highest concentrations with long exposure times, and an α-tubulin antibody dilution curve is shown demonstrating saturation. In addition, example experimental results are reported for doxorubicin-treated cells using optimized parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail M Nelson
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
| | - Jenna M Guynn
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
| | - Brian N Chorley
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;
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18
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Liu J, Zhao J, Li S, Zhang L, Huang Y, Zhao S. A novel microchip electrophoresis-based chemiluminescence immunoassay for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein in human serum. Talanta 2017; 165:107-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Yi L, Wang X, Bethge L, Klussmann S, Roper MG. Noncompetitive affinity assays of glucagon and amylin using mirror-image aptamers as affinity probes. Analyst 2017; 141:1939-46. [PMID: 26881276 DOI: 10.1039/c5an02468d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect picomolar concentrations of glucagon and amylin using fluorescently labeled mirror-image aptamers, so-called Spiegelmers, is demonstrated. Spiegelmers rival the specificity of antibodies and overcome the problem of biostability of natural aptamers in a biological matrix. Using Spiegelmers as affinity probes, noncompetitive capillary electrophoresis affinity assays of glucagon and murine amylin were developed and optimized. The detection limit for glucagon was 6 pM and for amylin was 40 pM. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and -2 did not interfere with the glucagon assay, while the amylin assay showed cross-reactivity to calcitonin gene related peptide. The developed assays were combined with a competitive immunoassay for insulin to measure glucagon, amylin, and insulin secretion from batches of islets after incubation with different glucose concentrations. The development of these assays is an important step towards incorporation into an online measurement system for monitoring dynamic secretion from single islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Dittmer Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Dittmer Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Lucas Bethge
- NOXXON Pharma AG, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Klussmann
- NOXXON Pharma AG, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael G Roper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Dittmer Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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Schrell AM, Mukhitov N, Yi L, Wang X, Roper MG. Microfluidic Devices for the Measurement of Cellular Secretion. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:249-69. [PMID: 27306310 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The release of chemical information from cells and tissues holds the key to understanding cellular behavior and dysfunction. The development of methodologies that can measure cellular secretion in a time-dependent fashion is therefore essential. Often these measurements are made difficult by the high-salt conditions of the cellular environment, the presence of numerous other secreted factors, and the small mass samples that are produced when frequent sampling is used to resolve secretory dynamics. In this review, the methods that we have developed for measuring hormone release from islets of Langerhans are dissected to illustrate the practical difficulties of studying cellular secretions. Other methods from the literature are presented that provide alternative approaches to particularly challenging areas of monitoring cellular secretion. The examples presented in this review serve as case studies and should be adaptable to other cell types and systems for unique applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Schrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306;
| | - Nikita Mukhitov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306;
| | - Lian Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306;
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306;
| | - Michael G Roper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306;
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21
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Harada A, Sasaki K, Kaneta T. Direct determination of lignin peroxidase released from Phanerochaete chrysosporium by in-capillary enzyme assay using micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1440:145-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zheng X, Bi C, Li Z, Podariu M, Hage DS. Analytical methods for kinetic studies of biological interactions: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 113:163-80. [PMID: 25700721 PMCID: PMC4516701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The rates at which biological interactions occur can provide important information concerning the mechanism and behavior of these processes in living systems. This review discusses several analytical methods that can be used to examine the kinetics of biological interactions. These techniques include common or traditional methods such as stopped-flow analysis and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, as well as alternative methods based on affinity chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The general principles and theory behind these approaches are examined, and it is shown how each technique can be utilized to provide information on the kinetics of biological interactions. Examples of applications are also given for each method. In addition, a discussion is provided on the relative advantages or potential limitations of each technique regarding its use in kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Cong Bi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Maria Podariu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
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Medina-Casanellas S, Benavente F, Giménez E, Barbosa J, Sanz-Nebot V. On-line immunoaffinity solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry for the analysis of large biomolecules: A preliminary report. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2130-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Benavente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Estela Giménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - José Barbosa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Victoria Sanz-Nebot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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Shi M, Zhao S, Huang Y, Zhao L, Liu YM. Signal amplification in capillary electrophoresis based chemiluminescent immunoassays by using an antibody–gold nanoparticle–DNAzyme assembly. Talanta 2014; 124:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Moser AC, Willicott CW, Hage DS. Clinical applications of capillary electrophoresis based immunoassays. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:937-55. [PMID: 24132682 PMCID: PMC3975666 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassays have long been an important set of tools in clinical laboratories for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. Over the last two decades, there has been growing interest in utilizing CE as a means for conducting immunoassays with clinical samples. The resulting method is known as a CE immunoassay. This approach makes use of the selective and strong binding of antibodies for their targets, as is employed in a traditional immunoassay, and combines this with the speed, efficiency, and small sample requirements of CE. This review discusses the variety of ways in which CE immunoassays have been employed with clinical samples. An overview of the formats and detection modes that have been employed in these applications is first presented. A more detailed discussion is then given on the type of clinical targets and samples that have been measured or studied by using CE immunoassays. Particular attention is given to the use of this method in the fields of endocrinology, pharmaceutical measurements, protein and peptide analysis, immunology, infectious disease detection, and oncology. Representative applications in each of these areas are described, with these examples involving work with both traditional and microanalytical CE systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David S. Hage
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
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26
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Medina-Casanellas S, Benavente F, Barbosa J, Sanz-Nebot V. Preparation and evaluation of an immunoaffinity sorbent with Fab′ antibody fragments for the analysis of opioid peptides by on-line immunoaffinity solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 789:91-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Morales-Cid G, Diez-Masa JC, de Frutos M. On-line immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis based on magnetic beads for the determination of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein isoforms profile to facilitate its use as biomarker. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 773:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jiang J, Zhao S, Huang Y, Qin G, Ye F. Highly sensitive immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen by capillary electrophoresis with gold nanoparticles amplified chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1282:161-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The development and general applications of capillary electrophoresis (CE) in the field of clinical chemistry are discussed. It is shown how the early development of electrophoresis was closely linked to clinical testing. The rise of gel electrophoresis in clinical chemistry is described, as well as the eventual developments that lead to the creation and the use of modern CE. The general principles of CE are reviewed and the potential advantages of this method in clinical testing are examined. Finally, an overview is presented of several areas in which CE is now being developed for use with clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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30
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Sobrova P, Ryvolova M, Adam V, Kizek R. Capillary electromigration based techniques in diagnostics of prion protein caused diseases. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3644-52. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Gasilova N, Gassner AL, Girault HH. Analysis of major milk whey proteins by immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-MS. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2390-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gasilova
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne; Switzerland
| | - Anne-Laure Gassner
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne; Switzerland
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne; Switzerland
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32
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Liu C, Fang G, Deng Q, Zhang Y, Feng J, Wang S. Determination of metolcarb in food by capillary electrophoresis immunoassay with a laser-induced fluorescence detector. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1471-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Giovannoli C, Baggiani C, Passini C, Biagioli F, Anfossi L, Giraudi G. A rational route to the development of a competitive capillary electrophoresis immunoassay: Assessment of the variables affecting the performances of a competitive capillary electrophoresis immunoassay for human serum albumin. Talanta 2012; 94:65-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Sensitive and selective capillary electrophoretic analysis of proteins by zirconia nanoparticle-enhanced copper (II)-catalyzed luminol-hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence. Talanta 2012; 97:193-8. [PMID: 22841066 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a sensitive, selective, convenient CE determination of heme proteins in complex matrices by a sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-assisted, zirconia nanoparticle-enhanced copper (II)-catalyzed luminol-hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence (CCLHPCL). Introducing a segment of sodium dodecyl sulfate to the capillary after sample injection not only rendered selective detection by quenching the luminescence signals from the non-heme proteins but also owning to the suppressed protein adsorption, led to significant improvement in separation efficiency and detection sensitivity. The signals were further improved by addition of ZrO(2) nanoparticles to the chemiluminescence solution. Compared with the conventional CCLHPCL, the detection limits (S/N=3) were improved by 10.2-22.0 folds, with 7.8×10(-9), 3.3×10(-9) and 1.5×10(-9) M for three model proteins, viz, myoglobin, hemoglobin and cytochrome C, respectively. Because the method did not require sophisticated pretreatment, it was convenient to analyze heme proteins in complex matrices, as demonstrated, hemoglobin in human blood and spiked human urine samples.
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35
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Pan Q, Hong S, Zhu X, Zhao M, Lee LP. On-line electrophoretic sample clean-up for sensitive and reproducible μCE immunoassay. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:932-938. [PMID: 22278032 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc21111d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel on-line electrophoretic sample clean-up approach for highly sensitive and reproducible microchip electrophoretic (μCE) immunoassay of low-abundance proteins in human serum. The method takes advantage of the differential effect of field-amplified sample stacking on molecules with different electrophoretic mobility. Large interfering proteins are removed from the loading channel by simple voltage control, resulting in selective concentration and injection of smaller target analytes to the separation channel. As a proof of concept, an antibody-free injection mode was developed for direct μCE immunoassay of human insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in serum samples without any additional purification steps. Clear and sharp peaks were obtained for IGF-I with low background and excellent reproducibility. Besides, the assay sensitivity was further increased by addition of ethanol to the sample buffer at a concentration of 50% right before performing the μCE detection. The lower limit of detection of IGF-I achieved 0.68 ng mL(-1), with an overall signal enhancement factor of 2750. The established on-line electrophoretic sample clean-up approach may find wide applications in the development of other microchip-based high-throughput analytical platforms for clinical and biological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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36
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Medina-Casanellas S, Benavente F, Barbosa J, Sanz-Nebot V. Preparation and evaluation of an immunoaffinity sorbent for the analysis of opioid peptides by on-line immunoaffinity solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 717:134-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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37
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Milanova D, Chambers RD, Bahga SS, Santiago JG. Electrophoretic mobility measurements of fluorescent dyes using on-chip capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3286-94. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Guillo C, Truong TM, Roper MG. Simultaneous capillary electrophoresis competitive immunoassay for insulin, glucagon, and islet amyloid polypeptide secretion from mouse islets of Langerhans. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4059-64. [PMID: 21620410 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis competitive immunoassay was developed for the simultaneous quantitation of insulin, glucagon, and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) secretion from islets of Langerhans. Separation buffers and conditions were optimized for the resolution of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled glucagon and IAPP immunoassay reagents, which were excited with the 488 nm line of an Ar(+) laser and detected at 520 nm with a photomultiplier tube (PMT). Cy5-labeled insulin immunoassay reagents were excited by a 635 nm laser diode module and detected at 700 nm with a separate PMT. Optimum resolution was achieved with a 20mM carbonate separation buffer at pH 9.0 using a 20 cm effective separation length with an electric field of 500 V/cm. Limits of detection for insulin, glucagon, and IAPP were 2, 3, and 3 nM, respectively. This method was used to monitor the simultaneous secretion of these peptides from as few as 14 islets after incubation in 4, 11, and 20 mM glucose for 6h. For insulin and IAPP, a statistically significant increase in secretion levels was observed, while glucagon levels were significantly reduced in the 4 and 11 mM glucose conditions. To further demonstrate the utility of the assay, the Ca(2+)-dependent secretion of these peptides was demonstrated which agreed with published reports. The ability to examine the secretion of multiple peptides may allow for the determination of regulation of secretory processes within islets of Langerhans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Guillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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39
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Immunoaffinity chromatography: an introduction to applications and recent developments. Bioanalysis 2011; 2:769-90. [PMID: 20640220 DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) combines the use of LC with the specific binding of antibodies or related agents. The resulting method can be used in assays for a particular target or for purification and concentration of analytes prior to further examination by another technique. This review discusses the history and principles of IAC and the various formats that can be used with this method. An overview is given of the general properties of antibodies and of antibody-production methods. The supports and immobilization methods used with antibodies in IAC and the selection of application and elution conditions for IAC are also discussed. Several applications of IAC are considered, including its use in purification, immunodepletion, direct sample analysis, chromatographic immunoassays and combined analysis methods. Recent developments include the use of IAC with CE or MS, ultrafast immunoextraction methods and the use of immunoaffinity columns in microanalytical systems.
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41
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Zou X, Li Y, Wang T, Zhou C, Zeng H. Determination of Nerve Growth Factor in Rat Spinal Cord by Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Immunoassay with a Laser Induced Fluorescence Detector. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-010-1844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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42
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Wang C, Li T, Wang Z, Feng F, Wang H. Quantitative study of stereospecific binding of monoclonal antibody to anti-benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide-N2-dG adducts by capillary electrophoresis immunoassay. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2254-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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43
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Grading the commercial optical biosensor literature-Class of 2008: 'The Mighty Binders'. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:1-64. [PMID: 20017116 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensor technology continues to be the method of choice for label-free, real-time interaction analysis. But when it comes to improving the quality of the biosensor literature, education should be fundamental. Of the 1413 articles published in 2008, less than 30% would pass the requirements for high-school chemistry. To teach by example, we spotlight 10 papers that illustrate how to implement the technology properly. Then we grade every paper published in 2008 on a scale from A to F and outline what features make a biosensor article fabulous, middling or abysmal. To help improve the quality of published data, we focus on a few experimental, analysis and presentation mistakes that are alarmingly common. With the literature as a guide, we want to ensure that no user is left behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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44
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45
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Dullnig V, Weiss R, Amon S, Rizzi A, Stutz H. Confirmation of immuno-reactivity of the recombinant major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1a by affinity-CIEF. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2337-46. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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46
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Lomasney AR, Guillo C, Sidebottom AM, Roper MG. Optimization of capillary electrophoresis conditions for a glucagon competitive immunoassay using response surface methodology. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:313-9. [PMID: 19189083 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The capillary electrophoresis (CE) conditions for a competitive immunoassay of glucagon were optimized for highest sensitivity of the immunoassay and resolution of the electrophoretic peaks using a Box-Behnken design. Injection time, voltage ramp time, and separation voltage were varied between three levels and two responses, bound-to-free (B/F) ratio of the immunoassay peaks and resolution between the peaks, were measured. Analysis of variance was applied to fit a predictive model, and a desirability function was used to simultaneously optimize both responses. A 10-s injection, 1.6-min ramp time, and a 22-kV separation voltage were the conditions found when high B/F was given more emphasis than high resolution. To test the model, calibration curves of a glucagon immunoassay were measured at the optimum and least optimum CE conditions. Optimal conditions increased the sensitivity of the immunoassay by 388% compared to the least optimum conditions while maintaining adequate resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Lomasney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Dittmer Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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