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Ramirez-Ramirez AR, Bidot-Martínez I, Mirzaei K, Rasoamanalina Rivo OL, Menéndez-Grenot M, Clapé-Borges P, Espinosa-Lopez G, Bertin P. Comparing the performances of SSR and SNP markers for population analysis in Theobroma cacao L., as alternative approach to validate a new ddRADseq protocol for cacao genotyping. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304753. [PMID: 38820504 PMCID: PMC11142705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Proper cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) plant genotyping is mandatory for the conservation and use of the species genetic resources. A set of 15 international standard SSR markers was assumed as universal cacao genotyping system. Recently, different SNPs and SNP genotyping techniques have been exploited in cacao. However, a consensus on which to use has not been reached yet, driving the search for new approaches. To validate a new ddRADseq protocol for cacao genotyping, we compared the performances for population analysis of a dataset with 7,880 SNPs obtained from ddRADseq and the genotypic data from the aforementioned SSR set, using 158 cacao plants from productive farms and gene bank. Four genetic groups were identified with STRUCTURE and ADMIXTURE softwares using SSR and SNP data, respectively. Similarities of cacao ancestries among these groups allowed the identification of analogous pairs of groups of individuals, referred to as: G1SSR/G1SNP, G2SSR/G2SNP, G3SSR/G3SNP, G4SSR/G4SNP, whether SSRs or SNPs were used. Both marker systems identified Amelonado and Criollo as the most abundant cacao ancestries among all samples. Genetic distance matrices from both data types were significantly similar to each other according to Mantel test (p < 0.0001). PCoA and UPGMA clustering mostly confirmed the identified genetic groups. AMOVA and FST pairwise comparison revealed a moderate to very large genetic differentiation among identified groups from SSR and SNP data. Genetic diversity parameters from SSR (Hobs = 0.616, Hexp = 0.524 and PIC = 0.544) were higher than that from SNP data (0.288, 0.264, 0.230). In both cases, genetic groups carrying the highest Amelonado proportion (G1SSR and G1SNP) had the lowest genetic diversity parameters among the identified groups. The high congruence among population analysis results using both systems validated the ddRADseq protocol employed for cacao SNP genotyping. These results could provide new ways for developing a universal SNP-based genotyping system very much needed for cacao genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Rafael Ramirez-Ramirez
- Faculty of Agroforestry, University of Guantánamo, Guantánamo, Cuba
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Khaled Mirzaei
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Miguel Menéndez-Grenot
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agroforestales, Unidad de Ciencia y Técnica de Base—Baracoa, Baracoa, Guantánamo, Cuba
| | - Pablo Clapé-Borges
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agroforestales, Unidad de Ciencia y Técnica de Base—Baracoa, Baracoa, Guantánamo, Cuba
| | | | - Pierre Bertin
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium
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Suraninpong P, Thongkhao K, Azzeme AM, Suksa-Ard P. Monitoring Drought Tolerance in Oil Palm: Choline Monooxygenase as a Novel Molecular Marker. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3089. [PMID: 37687336 PMCID: PMC10490023 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity negatively impacts oil palm production, necessitating the development of drought-tolerant varieties. This study aimed to develop molecular markers for oil palm breeding programs focused on drought tolerance. Genes associated with drought tolerance were selected, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based markers were developed. Genomic DNA was successfully extracted from 17 oil palm varieties, and 20 primers out of 44 were effectively amplified. Screening with single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) revealed an informative SNP marker from the choline monooxygenase (CMO) gene, exhibiting CC, CT, and TT genotypes. Notably, the oil palm variety La Mé showed the CT genotype, while Surat Thani 2 (Deli × La Mé) exhibited the CT and CC genotypes in a 1:1 ratio. Gene expression analysis confirmed the association of the CMO gene with drought tolerance in commercial oil palm varieties. The full-length CMO gene was 1308 bp long and shared sequence similarities with other plant species. However, amino acid sequence variations were observed compared with existing databases. These findings highlight the potential utility of the CMO marker for drought tolerance selection, specifically within the La Mé parent of oil palm Surat Thani 2 varieties, and strongly confirm the La Mé S5 population and Surat Thani 2 as drought-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Potjamarn Suraninpong
- School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand;
- Biomass and Oil Palm Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Kannika Thongkhao
- School of Languages and General Education, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand;
| | - Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Padungsak Suksa-Ard
- School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand;
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Kotsanopoulos KV, Exadactylos A, Gkafas GA, Martsikalis PV, Parlapani FF, Boziaris IS, Arvanitoyannis IS. The use of molecular markers in the verification of fish and seafood authenticity and the detection of adulteration. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:1584-1654. [PMID: 33586855 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The verification of authenticity and detection of food mislabeling are elements that have been of high importance for centuries. During the last few decades there has been an increasing consumer demand for the verification of food identity and the implementation of stricter controls around these matters. Fish and seafood are among the most easily adulterated foodstuffs mainly due to the significant alterations of the species' morphological characteristics that occur during the different types of processing, which render the visual identification of the animals impossible. Even simple processes, such as filleting remove very important morphological elements and suffice to prevent the visual identification of species in marketed products. Novel techniques have therefore been developed that allow identification of species, the differentiation between species and also the differentiation of individuals that belong to the same species but grow in different populations and regions. Molecular markers have been used during the last few decades to fulfill this purpose and several improvements have been implemented rendering their use applicable to a commercial scale. The reliability, accuracy, reproducibility, and time-and cost-effectiveness of these techniques allowed them to be established as routine methods in the industry and research institutes. This review article aims at presenting the most important molecular markers used for the authentication of fish and seafood. The most important techniques are described, and the results of numerous studies are outlined and discussed, allowing interested parties to easily access and compare information about several techniques and fish/seafood species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos V Kotsanopoulos
- Department of Ichthyology & Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Athanasios Exadactylos
- Department of Ichthyology & Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - George A Gkafas
- Department of Ichthyology & Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Petros V Martsikalis
- Department of Ichthyology & Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Foteini F Parlapani
- Department of Ichthyology & Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Boziaris
- Department of Ichthyology & Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Arvanitoyannis
- Department of Ichthyology & Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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Livingstone D, Stack C, Mustiga GM, Rodezno DC, Suarez C, Amores F, Feltus FA, Mockaitis K, Cornejo OE, Motamayor JC. A Larger Chocolate Chip-Development of a 15K Theobroma cacao L. SNP Array to Create High-Density Linkage Maps. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2008. [PMID: 29259608 PMCID: PMC5723429 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important cash crop in tropical regions around the world and has a rich agronomic history in South America. As a key component in the cosmetic and confectionary industries, millions of people worldwide use products made from cacao, ranging from shampoo to chocolate. An Illumina Infinity II array was created using 13,530 SNPs identified within a small diversity panel of cacao. Of these SNPs, 12,643 derive from variation within annotated cacao genes. The genotypes of 3,072 trees were obtained, including two mapping populations from Ecuador. High-density linkage maps for these two populations were generated and compared to the cacao genome assembly. Phenotypic data from these populations were combined with the linkage maps to identify the QTLs for yield and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Suarez
- Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Quevedo, Ecuador
- Agricultural Faculty, Technical University of Quevedo, Quevedo, Ecuador
| | - Freddy Amores
- Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Quevedo, Ecuador
- Universidad Técnica Estatal Quevedo (UTEQ), Quevedo, Ecuador
| | - Frank A. Feltus
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Keithanne Mockaitis
- Department of Biology and Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Omar E. Cornejo
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Livingstone D, Royaert S, Stack C, Mockaitis K, May G, Farmer A, Saski C, Schnell R, Kuhn D, Motamayor JC. Making a chocolate chip: development and evaluation of a 6K SNP array for Theobroma cacao. DNA Res 2015; 22:279-91. [PMID: 26070980 PMCID: PMC4535616 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsv009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Theobroma cacao, the key ingredient in chocolate production, is one of the world's most important tree fruit crops, with ∼4,000,000 metric tons produced across 50 countries. To move towards gene discovery and marker-assisted breeding in cacao, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification project was undertaken using RNAseq data from 16 diverse cacao cultivars. RNA sequences were aligned to the assembled transcriptome of the cultivar Matina 1-6, and 330,000 SNPs within coding regions were identified. From these SNPs, a subset of 6,000 high-quality SNPs were selected for inclusion on an Illumina Infinium SNP array: the Cacao6kSNP array. Using Cacao6KSNP array data from over 1,000 cacao samples, we demonstrate that our custom array produces a saturated genetic map and can be used to distinguish among even closely related genotypes. Our study enhances and expands the genetic resources available to the cacao research community, and provides the genome-scale set of tools that are critical for advancing breeding with molecular markers in an agricultural species with high genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Greg May
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA
| | - Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA
| | - Christopher Saski
- Clemson University Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Institute for Translational Genomics, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | | | - David Kuhn
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Subtropical, Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL 33158, USA
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Chakhonkaen S, Pitnjam K, Saisuk W, Ukoskit K, Muangprom A. Genetic structure of Thai rice and rice accessions obtained from the International Rice Research Institute. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 5:19. [PMID: 27234241 PMCID: PMC5520827 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-5-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the genetic structure of rice germplasm has been characterized worldwide, few studies investigated germplasm from Thailand, the world's largest exporter of rice. Thailand and the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) have diverse collections of rice germplasm, which could be used to develop breeding lines with desirable traits. This study aimed to investigate the level of genetic diversity and structures of Thai and selected IRRI germplasm. Understanding the genetic structure and relationships among these germplasm will be useful for parent selection used in rice breeding programs. RESULTS From the 98 InDel markers tested for single copy and polymorphism, 19 markers were used to evaluate 43 Thai and 57 IRRI germplasm, including improved cultivars, breeding lines, landraces, and 5 other Oryza species. The Thai accessions were selected from all rice ecologies such as irrigated, deep water, upland, and rainfed lowland ecosystems. The IRRI accessions were groups of germplasm having agronomic desirable traits, including temperature-sensitive genetic male sterility (TGMS), new plant type, early flowering, and biotic and abiotic stress resistances. Most of the InDel markers were genes with diverse functions. These markers produced the total of 127 alleles for all loci, with a mean of 6.68 alleles per locus, and a mean Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) of 0.440. Genetic diversity of Thai rice were 0.3665, 0.4479 and 0.3972 for improved cultivars, breeding lines, and landraces, respectively, while genetic diversity of IRRI improved and breeding lines were 0.3272 and 0.2970, respectively. Cluster, structure, and differentiation analyses showed six distinct groups: japonica, TGMS, deep-water, IRRI germplasm, Thai landraces and breeding lines, and other Oryza species. CONCLUSIONS Thai and IRRI germplasm were significantly different. Thus, they can be used to broaden the genetic base and trait improvements. Cluster, structure, and differentiation analyses showed concordant results having six distinct groups, in agreement with their development, and ecologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriprapai Chakhonkaen
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Keasinee Pitnjam
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Wachira Saisuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasart University, Rangsit, Pathum thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Kittipat Ukoskit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasart University, Rangsit, Pathum thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Amorntip Muangprom
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum thani, 12120 Thailand
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Delaunay A, Lacroix C, Morliere S, Riault G, Chain F, Trottet M, Jacquot E. A single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP)-derived quantitative variable to monitor the virulence of a Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) isolate during adaptation to the TC14 resistant wheat line. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2010; 11:651-661. [PMID: 20696003 PMCID: PMC6640491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A standardized single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) procedure is proposed as an alternative to the time-consuming biological characterization of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) isolates. Using this procedure, six of 21 overlapping regions used to scan the viral genome gave patterns specific to '4E' (avirulent) or '4T' ('4E'-derived virulent) isolates. The calibration of samples and integration of SSCP patterns corresponding to the nucleotide region 1482-2023 allowed the estimation of P(T) values that reflect the proportions of a '4T'-specific band. Analysis of the biological (area under the pathogen progress curve) and molecular (P(T)) data suggested a positive linear relation between these variables. Moreover, sequence analysis of the nucleotide region 1482-2023 highlighted the presence of a nucleotide polymorphism (C/A(1835)) which can be considered as a candidate for virus-host interactions linked to the monitored virulence. According to these parameters, P(T) values associated with '4E'- and '4T'-derived populations show that: (i) long-term infection of a BYDV-PAV isolate on the 'TC14' resistant host leads to the fixation of virulent individuals in viral populations; and (ii) the introduction of susceptible hosts in successive 'TC14' infections results in the maintenance of low virulence of the populations. Thus, the presented study demonstrates that SSCP is a useful tool for monitoring viral populations during the host adaptation process. The described impact of host alternation provides new opportunities for the use of the 'TC14' resistance source in BYDV-resistant breeding programmes. This study is part of the global effort made by the scientific community to propose sustainable alternatives to the chemical control of this viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Delaunay
- INRA-Agrocampus Ouest-Université Rennes 1, UMR1099 BiO3P (Biology of Organisms and Populations Applied to Plant Protection), Le Rheu, France
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