1
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Mehta SK, Mondal PK. Influence of viscoelectric effect on diffusioosmotic transport in nanochannel. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:44-52. [PMID: 35775948 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the role of viscoelectric effect on diffusioosmotic flow (DOF) through a nanochannel connected with two reservoirs. The transport equations governing the flow dynamics are solved numerically using the finite element technique. We have extensively analyzed the variation of induced field due to electric double layer (EDL) phenomenon, relative viscosity as modulated by the viscoelectric effect as well as reservoir's concentration difference, and their eventual impact on the underlying flow characteristics. It is revealed that the induced electric field in the EDL enhances fluid viscosity substantially near the charged wall at a higher concentration. We have shown that neglecting viscoelectric effect in the paradigm of diffusioosmotic transport overestimates the net throughput, particularly at a higher concentration difference. Furthermore, we show that pertaining to chemiosmosis dominated regime, the average flow velocity modifies with the increase in concentration difference up to a critical value. In comparison, the rise in the strength of resistive electroosmotic actuation by the accumulation of anions in the upstream reservoir reduces the average flow velocity at a higher concentration difference. We have reported a reduction in critical concentration with the increase in viscoelectric effect. The inferences of this analysis are deemed pertinent to reveal the bearing of viscoelectric effect as a flow control mechanism pertaining to DOF at nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Mehta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Mondal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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2
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Zhang J, Liu W, Dai J, Xiao K. Nanoionics from Biological to Artificial Systems: An Alternative Beyond Nanoelectronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200534. [PMID: 35723422 PMCID: PMC9376752 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ion transport under nanoconfined spaces is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature and plays an important role in the energy conversion and signal transduction processes of both biological and artificial systems. Unlike the free diffusion in continuum media, anomalous behaviors of ions are often observed in nanostructured systems, which is governed by the complex interplay between various interfacial interactions. Conventionally, nanoionics mainly refers to the study of ion transport in solid-state nanosystems. In this review, to extent this concept is proposed and a new framework to understand the phenomena, mechanism, methodology, and application associated with ion transport at the nanoscale is put forward. Specifically, here nanoionics is summarized into three categories, i.e., biological, artificial, and hybrid, and discussed the characteristics of each system. Compared with nanoelectronics, nanoionics is an emerging research field with many theoretical and practical challenges. With this forward-looking perspective, it is hoped that nanoionics can attract increasing attention and find wide range of applications as nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Zhang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)Shenzhen518055P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced BiomaterialsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)Shenzhen518055P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced BiomaterialsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Jiqing Dai
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)Shenzhen518055P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced BiomaterialsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)Shenzhen518055P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced BiomaterialsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
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3
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Li J, Zhang K, Zhao X, Li D. Single Artificial Ion Channels with Tunable Ion Transport Based on the Surface Modification of pH-Responsive Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27130-27139. [PMID: 35670465 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Artificial ion channels with tunable ionic transport control and intelligent iontronic functions at the nanoscale have a wide application in logic computing and biosensing. Although some artificial ion channels with smart ion transport characteristics have been developed, most of them are constructed on porous membranes with undefined channel numbers. It is still challenging to achieve multiple ion transport features in single nanochannels and to control the ion flow more accurately with excellent repeatability. In this paper, a design strategy is presented to fabricate pH-responsive ion channels with various ion transport features based on a single polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanochannel. The single-ion nanochannel developed by this approach can be further integrated into electronic systems on a chip. Three types of artificial ion channels are demonstrated and investigated systematically in this work. With symmetric or asymmetric pH stimuli, these ion channels can alternatively change their working states among an opened state, a closed state, and an ionic diode state. Four different ion transport features can be realized in a triple-gated ion channel system. With these advantages of the design, it is promising to build smart nanofluidic iontronic devices with widespread applicability in energy conversions, active ion transport control, and biological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kaiping Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xiaoye Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Ion transport and current rectification in a charged conical nanopore filled with viscoelastic fluids. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2547. [PMID: 35169151 PMCID: PMC8847403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ionic current rectification (ICR) is a non-linear current-voltage response upon switching the polarity of the potential across nanopore which is similar to the I–V response in the semiconductor diode. The ICR phenomenon finds several potential applications in micro/nano-fluidics (e.g., Bio-sensors and Lab-on-Chip applications). From a biological application viewpoint, most biological fluids (e.g., blood, saliva, mucus, etc.) exhibit non-Newtonian visco-elastic behavior; their rheological properties differ from Newtonian fluids. Therefore, the resultant flow-field should show an additional dependence on the rheological material properties of viscoelastic fluids such as fluid relaxation time \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$(\varepsilon )$$\end{document}(ε). Despite numerous potential applications, the comprehensive investigation of the viscoelastic behavior of the fluid on ionic concentration profile and ICR phenomena has not been attempted. ICR phenomena occur when the length scale and Debye layer thickness approaches to the same order. Therefore, this work extensively investigates the effect of visco-elasticity on the flow and ionic mass transfer along with the ICR phenomena in a single conical nanopore. The Poisson–Nernst–Planck (P–N–P) model coupled with momentum equations have been solved for a wide range of conditions such as, Deborah number, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$-50$$\end{document}-50. Limited results for Newtonian fluid (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\varepsilon = 0$$\end{document}ε=0) have also been shown in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of non-Newtonian fluid behaviour over the Newtonian fluid behaviour. Four distinct novel characteristics of electro-osmotic flow (EOF) in a conical nanopore have been investigated here, namely (1) detailed structure of flow field and velocity distribution in viscoelastic fluids (2) influence of Deborah number and fluid extensibility parameter on ionic current rectification (ICR) (3) volumetric flow rate calculation as a function of Deborah number and fluid extensibility parameter (4) effect of viscoelastic parameters on concentration distribution of ions in the nanopore. At high applied voltage, both the extensibility parameter and Deborah number facilitate the ICR phenomena. In addition, the ICR phenomena are observed to be more pronounced at low values of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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Li J, Li D. A surface charge governed nanofluidic diode based on a single polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanochannel. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 596:54-63. [PMID: 33831750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Nanofluidic diodes have attracted intense attention recently. Commonly used materials to design these devices are membrane-based short nanopores and aligned Carbon nanotube bundles. It is highly desirable and very challenging to develop a nanofluidic diode based on a single PDMS nanochannel which is easier to be introduced into an integrated electronic system on a chip. Layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of charged polyelectrolytes can change the size and surface properties of PDMS nanochannels that provides new possibilities to develop high-performance nanofluidic based on PDMS nanochannels. EXPERIMENTS A novel design of nanofluidic diode is presented by controlling the surface charges and sizes of single PDMS nanochannels by surface modification using polyelectrolytes. Polybrene (PB) and Dextran sulfate (DS) are used to reduce the PDMS nanochannel size to meet the requirement of ion gating by LBL method and generate opposite surface charges at the ends of nanochannels. The parameters of such a nanofluidic diode are investigated systematically. FINDINGS This nanofluidic diode developed in this work has high effective current rectification performance. The rectification ratio can be as high as 218 which is the best ever reported in PB/DS modified nanochannels. This rectification ratio reduces with high voltage frequency and ionic concentration whereas increases in shorter nanochannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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6
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Bush SN, Volta TT, Martin CR. Chemical Sensing and Chemoresponsive Pumping with Conical-Pore Polymeric Membranes. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030571. [PMID: 32245285 PMCID: PMC7153383 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic membranes containing asymmetrically shaped pores have been shown to rectify the ionic current flowing through the membrane. Ion-current rectification means that such membranes produce nonlinear current–voltage curves analogous to those observed with solid-state diode rectifiers. In order to observe this ion-current rectification phenomenon, the asymmetrically shaped pores must have pore-wall surface charge. Pore-wall surface charge also allows for electroosmotic flow (EOF) to occur through the membrane. We have shown that, because ion-current is rectified, EOF is likewise rectified in such membranes. This means that flow through the membrane depends on the polarity of the voltage applied across the membrane, one polarity producing a higher, and the opposite producing a lower, flow rate. As is reviewed here, these ion-current and EOF rectification phenomena are being used to develop new sensing technologies. Results obtained from an ion-current-based sensor for hydrophobic cations are reviewed. In addition, ion-current and EOF rectification can be combined to make a new type of device—a chemoresponsive nanofluidic pump. This is a pump that either turns flow on or turns flow off, when a specific chemical species is detected. Results from a prototype Pb2+ chemoresponsive pump are also reviewed here.
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7
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Polyelectrolyte adsorption in single small nanochannel by layer-by-layer method. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 561:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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O'Neil C, Amarasekara CA, Weerakoon-Ratnayake KM, Gross B, Jia Z, Singh V, Park S, Soper SA. Electrokinetic transport properties of deoxynucleotide monophosphates (dNMPs) through thermoplastic nanochannels. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1027:67-75. [PMID: 29866271 PMCID: PMC6408931 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The electrokinetic behavior of molecules in nanochannels (<100 nm in length) have generated interest due to the unique transport properties observed that are not seen in microscale channels. These nanoscale dependent transport properties include transverse electromigration arising from partial electrical double layer overlap, enhanced solute/wall interactions due to the small channel diameter, and field-dependent intermittent motion produced by surface roughness. In this study, the electrokinetic transport properties of deoxynucleotide monophosphates (dNMPs) were investigated, including the effects of electric field strength, surface effects, and composition of the carrier electrolyte (ionic concentration and pH). The dNMPs were labeled with a fluorescent reporter (ATTO 532) to allow tracking of the electrokinetic transport of the dNMPs through a thermoplastic nanochannel fabricated via nanoimprinting (110 nm × 110 nm, width × depth, and 100 μm in length). We discovered that the transport properties in plastic nanochannels of the dye-labeled dNMPs produced differences in their apparent mobilities that were not seen using microscale columns. We built histograms for each dNMP from their apparent mobilities under different operating conditions and fit the histograms to Gaussian functions from which the separation resolution could be deduced as a metric to gage the ability to identify the molecule based on their apparent mobility. We found that the resolution ranged from 0.73 to 2.13 at pH = 8.3. Changing the carrier electrolyte pH > 10 significantly improved separation resolution (0.80-4.84) and reduced the standard deviation in the Gaussian fit to the apparent mobilities. At low buffer concentrations, decreases in separation resolution and increased standard deviations in Gaussian fits to the apparent mobilities of dNMPs were observed due to the increased thickness of the electric double layer leading to a partial parabolic flow profile. The results secured for the dNMPs in thermoplastic nanochannels revealed a high identification efficiency (>99%) in most cases for the dNMPs due to differences in their apparent mobilities when using nanochannels, which could not be achieved using microscale columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen O'Neil
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; NIH Biotechnology Resource Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Charuni A Amarasekara
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, USA; NIH Biotechnology Resource Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Kumuditha M Weerakoon-Ratnayake
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, USA; NIH Biotechnology Resource Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Bethany Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, USA; NIH Biotechnology Resource Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Zheng Jia
- NIH Biotechnology Resource Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Varshni Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; NIH Biotechnology Resource Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Sunggook Park
- NIH Biotechnology Resource Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Steven A Soper
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, USA; NIH Biotechnology Resource Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea.
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9
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Experton J, Wu X, Martin CR. From Ion Current to Electroosmotic Flow Rectification in Asymmetric Nanopore Membranes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E445. [PMID: 29240676 PMCID: PMC5746935 DOI: 10.3390/nano7120445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetrically shaped nanopores have been shown to rectify the ionic current flowing through pores in a fashion similar to a p-n junction in a solid-state diode. Such asymmetric nanopores include conical pores in polymeric membranes and pyramidal pores in mica membranes. We review here both theoretical and experimental aspects of this ion current rectification phenomenon. A simple intuitive model for rectification, stemming from previously published more quantitative models, is discussed. We also review experimental results on controlling the extent and sign of rectification. It was shown that ion current rectification produces a related rectification of electroosmotic flow (EOF) through asymmetric pore membranes. We review results that show how to measure and modulate this EOF rectification phenomenon. Finally, EOF rectification led to the development of an electroosmotic pump that works under alternating current (AC), as opposed to the currently available direct current EOF pumps. Experimental results on AC EOF rectification are reviewed, and advantages of using AC to drive EOF are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Experton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Charles R Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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10
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Duan L, Cao Z, Yobas L. Pressure-Driven Chromatographic Separation Modes in Self-Enclosed Integrated Nanocapillaries. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11601-11608. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Duan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering and ‡Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering and ‡Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Levent Yobas
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering and ‡Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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Weerakoon-Ratnayake KM, Uba FI, Oliver-Calixte NJ, Soper SA. Electrophoretic Separation of Single Particles Using Nanoscale Thermoplastic Columns. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3569-77. [PMID: 26963496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenomena associated with microscale electrophoresis separations cannot, in many cases, be applied to the nanoscale. Thus, understanding the electrophoretic characteristics associated with the nanoscale will help formulate relevant strategies that can optimize the performance of separations carried out on columns with at least one dimension below 150 nm. Electric double layer (EDL) overlap, diffusion, and adsorption/desorption properties and/or dielectrophoretic effects giving rise to stick/slip motion are some of the processes that can play a role in determining the efficiency of nanoscale electrophoretic separations. We investigated the performance characteristics of electrophoretic separations carried out in nanoslits fabricated in poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, devices. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were used as the model system with tracking of their transport via dark field microscopy and localized surface plasmon resonance. AgNPs capped with citrate groups and the negatively charged PMMA walls (induced by O2 plasma modification of the nanoslit walls) enabled separations that were not apparent when these particles were electrophoresed in microscale columns. The separation of AgNPs based on their size without the need for buffer additives using PMMA nanoslit devices is demonstrated herein. Operational parameters such as the electric field strength, nanoslit dimensions, and buffer composition were evaluated as to their effects on the electrophoretic performance, both in terms of efficiency (plate numbers) and resolution. Electrophoretic separations performed at high electric field strengths (>200 V/cm) resulted in higher plate numbers compared to lower fields due to the absence of stick/slip motion at the higher electric field strengths. Indeed, 60 nm AgNPs could be separated from 100 nm particles in free solution using nanoscale electrophoresis with 100 μm long columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumuditha M Weerakoon-Ratnayake
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Franklin I Uba
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nyoté J Oliver-Calixte
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Steven A Soper
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Center of Biomodular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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12
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Yang M, Yang X, Wang K, Wang Q, Fan X, Liu W, Liu X, Liu J, Huang J. Tuning Transport Selectivity of Ionic Species by Phosphoric Acid Gradient in Positively Charged Nanochannel Membranes. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1544-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503813r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xizhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
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13
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An S, Lee K, Kim B, Noh H, Kim J, Kwon S, Lee M, Hong MH, Jhe W. Nanopipette combined with quartz tuning fork-atomic force microscope for force spectroscopy/microscopy and liquid delivery-based nanofabrication. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:033702. [PMID: 24689587 DOI: 10.1063/1.4866656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces a nanopipette combined with a quartz tuning fork-atomic force microscope system (nanopipette/QTF-AFM), and describes experimental and theoretical investigations of the nanoscale materials used. The system offers several advantages over conventional cantilever-based AFM and QTF-AFM systems, including simple control of the quality factor based on the contact position of the QTF, easy variation of the effective tip diameter, electrical detection, on-demand delivery and patterning of various solutions, and in situ surface characterization after patterning. This tool enables nanoscale liquid delivery and nanofabrication processes without damaging the apex of the tip in various environments, and also offers force spectroscopy and microscopy capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin An
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nano-Liquid, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Kunyoung Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nano-Liquid, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Bongsu Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nano-Liquid, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Haneol Noh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nano-Liquid, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nano-Liquid, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Kwon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nano-Liquid, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Manhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nano-Liquid, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Mun-Heon Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nano-Liquid, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Wonho Jhe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nano-Liquid, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
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14
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Yang M, Yang X, Wang Q, Wang K, Fan X, Liu W, Liu X, Liu J, Huang J. Anomalous effects of water flow through charged nanochannel membranes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02856b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anomalous osmosis may be observed in a suitable concentration range when the directions of concentration diffusion and induced electroosmosis are opposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xizhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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15
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Dutta D. A numerical analysis of nanofluidic charge based separations using a combination of electrokinetic and hydrodynamic flows. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Yaroshchuk AE. Transport properties of long straight nano-channels in electrolyte solutions: a systematic approach. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 168:278-91. [PMID: 21496786 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The principle of local thermodynamic equilibrium is systematically employed for obtaining various transport properties of long straight nano-channels. The concept of virtual solution is used to describe situations of non-negligible overlap of diffuse parts of electric double layers (EDLs) in nano-channels. Generic expressions for a variety of transport properties of long straight nano-channels are obtained in terms of quasi-equilibrium distribution coefficients of ions and functionals of quasi-equilibrium distribution of electrostatic potential. Further, the Poisson-Boltzmann approach is used to specify these expressions for long straight slit-like nano-channels. In the approximation of non-overlapped diffuse parts of double electric layers in nano-channels, simple analytical expressions are obtained for the apparent electrophoretic mobilities of (trace) analytes of arbitrary charge as well as for the salt reflection coefficient (osmotic pressure), salt diffusion permeability and electro-viscosity (electrokinetic energy conversion). The approximate solutions are compared with the results of rigorous solution of non-linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation, and the accuracy of approximation is shown to be typically excellent when the nano-channel half-height exceeds ca.3 Debye screening lengths. Due to non-negligible electrostatic adsorption of ions by nano-channels, the apparent electrophoretic mobilities of counter-ionic analytes in nano-channels are smaller than in micro-channels whereas those of co-ionic analytes are larger. This dependence on the charge is useful for the separation of analytes of close electrophoretic mobilities. The osmotic pressure is shown to be positive, negative or pass through maxima as a function of applied salt-concentration difference within a fairly narrow range of ratios of nano-channel height to the Debye screening length. The diffusion permeability of charged nano-channels to single salts is demonstrated (for the first time) to be typically larger than that of neutral nano-channels of the same dimensions due to electrical facilitation of salt diffusion.
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17
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Tsukahara T, Mawatari K, Kitamori T. Integrated extended-nano chemical systems on a chip. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:1000-13. [PMID: 20179821 DOI: 10.1039/b822557p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In a past decade, new research fields utilizing microfluidics have been formed. General micro-integration methods were proposed, and the supporting fundamental technologies were widely developed. These methodologies made various applications in analytical and chemical synthesis fields, and their superior performances such as rapid, simple, and high efficient processing have been proved. Recently, the space is further downscaling to the 10(1)-10(2) nm scale (extended-nano space). The extended-nano space is located between conventional nanotechnology (10(0)-10(1) nm) and microtechnology (>1 mum), and the research tools are not well established. In addition, the extended-nano space is a transient space from single molecules to bulk condensed phase, and fluidics and chemistry are unknown. For these purposes, basic methodologies were developed, and new specific phenomena in fluidics and chemistry were found. These new phenomena were applied to unique chemical operations such as concentration and ion selection. The new research fields are now being created which are quite different with those in microspace. In this tutorial review, we focus on the basic researches in extended-nano space and survey the fundamental technologies for extended-nano space and reported specific liquid properties. Then, several unique chemical operations utilizing the properties are introduced. Finally, we show the future perspectives by showing the problems to be solved and illustrating the applications in development and in near future.
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18
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Sparreboom W, van den Berg A, Eijkel JCT. Principles and applications of nanofluidic transport. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 4:713-20. [PMID: 19898499 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2009.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The evolution from microfluidic to nanofluidic systems has been accompanied by the emergence of new fluid phenomena and the potential for new nanofluidic devices. This review provides an introduction to the theory of nanofluidic transport, focusing on the various forces that influence the movement of both solvents and solutes through nanochannels, and reviews the applications of nanofluidic devices in separation science and energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sparreboom
- BIOS/Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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