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Sikorski J, Matczuk M, Stępień M, Ogórek K, Ruzik L, Jarosz M. Fe 3O 4SPIONs in cancer theranostics-structure versus interactions with proteins and methods of their investigation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:212001. [PMID: 38387086 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2c54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
As the second leading cause of death worldwide, neoplastic diseases are one of the biggest challenges for public health care. Contemporary medicine seeks potential tools for fighting cancer within nanomedicine, as various nanomaterials can be used for both diagnostics and therapies. Among those of particular interest are superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), due to their unique magnetic properties,. However, while the number of new SPIONs, suitably modified and functionalized, designed for medical purposes, has been gradually increasing, it has not yet been translated into the number of approved clinical solutions. The presented review covers various issues related to SPIONs of potential theranostic applications. It refers to structural considerations (the nanoparticle core, most often used modifications and functionalizations) and the ways of characterizing newly designed nanoparticles. The discussion about the phenomenon of protein corona formation leads to the conclusion that the scarcity of proper tools to investigate the interactions between SPIONs and human serum proteins is the reason for difficulties in introducing them into clinical applications. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanism behind the protein corona formation, as it has a crucial impact on the effectiveness of designed SPIONs in the physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Sikorski
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Matczuk
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Stępień
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Ogórek
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lena Ruzik
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Jarosz
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Khatoon A, Khand NH, Mallah A, Solangi AR, Memon SQ, Memon AF, Karaman C, Karimi F, Karaman O. A Fast and Reliable Electrophoretic Method for Size-Based Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amna Khatoon
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, 76080Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Nadir H. Khand
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, 76080Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Arfana Mallah
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491Trondheim, Norway
- M.A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Amber R. Solangi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, 76080Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Saima Q. Memon
- M.A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Almas F. Memon
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Hyderabad, Sindh71000, Pakistan
| | - Ceren Karaman
- Department of Electricity and Energy, Akdeniz University, Antalya07070, Turkey
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan9477177870, Iran
| | - Onur Karaman
- Department of Medical Imaging Techniques, Akdeniz University, Antalya07070, Turkey
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Electroosmotic flow modulation for improved electrokinetic preconcentration: Application to capillary electrophoresis of fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1161:338466. [PMID: 33896565 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is reported in this study a new approach for modulation and even suppression of the electroosmotic flow (EOF) to achieve better electrokinetic preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis. This is based on the augmentation of the buffer's concentrations to very high levels (more than a thousand of mM) without recourse to any dynamic/permanent coating nor viscous gel. The use of large weakly charged molecules as background electrolyte's constituents allows working at extreme concentration ranges without penalty of high electric currents and Joule heating. By this way, the electroosmotic mobility could be modulated over a wide range (2-60 × 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1 under alkaline conditions), and suppressed to levels equivalent to those obtained with several neutral coatings. The highest buffer concentrations, and the lowest EOF magnitudes, accordingly, were achieved with diethanolamine/3-(Cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acid (ionic strength (IS) of 250 mM, pH 9.5), Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris)/2-(Cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid (CHES) (IS of 280 mM, pH 8.7) and triethanolamine/2-(Cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid (IS of 250 mM, pH 8.5). For demonstration, this new approach was applied for sensitive determination of core-shell magnetic nanoparticles (CSMNPs) having high potential for healthcare applications such as imaging agents for diagnostics and controllable cargos for nanomedicine. Different profiles were achieved for purpose-made and commercial magnetic nanoparticles using CE coupled with light-emitting-diode induced fluorescence (LEDIF) detection. The best performance for EOF-assisted preconcentration and CE-LEDIF of CSMNPs was achieved with these nanoparticles prepared in TRIS/CHES (IS 10 mM, pH 8.4) for preconcentration, and separation under BGE of TRIS/CHES (IS 100 mM, pH 8.4). Compared to the conventional capillary electrophoresis (CE-UV) method for characterization of magnetic nanoparticles, our proposed approach with fluorescent detection and EOF-assisted preconcentration offers almost 350-fold sensitivity improvement. Furthermore, our scheme can be used for monitoring the interaction between CSMNPs and target pharmaceutical molecules, serving for drug delivery development. A preliminary study with two antibiotics using this approach revealed that kanamycin interacts better with the target nanoparticles than amikacin.
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Morani M, Mai TD, Krupova Z, van Niel G, Defrenaix P, Taverna M. Recent electrokinetic strategies for isolation, enrichment and separation of extracellular vesicles. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Morani M, Mai TD, Krupova Z, Defrenaix P, Multia E, Riekkola ML, Taverna M. Electrokinetic characterization of extracellular vesicles with capillary electrophoresis: A new tool for their identification and quantification. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1128:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Chetwynd AJ, Guggenheim EJ, Briffa SM, Thorn JA, Lynch I, Valsami-Jones E. Current Application of Capillary Electrophoresis in Nanomaterial Characterisation and Its Potential to Characterise the Protein and Small Molecule Corona. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E99. [PMID: 29439415 PMCID: PMC5853730 DOI: 10.3390/nano8020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing use and production of nanomaterials (NMs), the ability to characterise their physical/chemical properties quickly and reliably has never been so important. Proper characterisation allows a thorough understanding of the material and its stability, and is critical to establishing dose-response curves to ascertain risks to human and environmental health. Traditionally, methods such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Flow Fractionation (FFF) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) have been favoured for size characterisation, due to their wide-availability and well-established protocols. Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) offers a faster and more cost-effective solution for complex dispersions including polydisperse or non-spherical NMs. CE has been used to rapidly separate NMs of varying sizes, shapes, surface modifications and compositions. This review will discuss the literature surrounding the CE separation techniques, detection and NM characteristics used for the analysis of a wide range of NMs. The potential of combining CE with mass spectrometry (CE-MS) will also be explored to further expand the characterisation of NMs, including the layer of biomolecules adsorbed to the surface of NMs in biological or environmental compartments, termed the acquired biomolecule corona. CE offers the opportunity to uncover new/poorly characterised low abundance and polar protein classes due to the high ionisation efficiency of CE-MS. Furthermore, the possibility of using CE-MS to characterise the poorly researched small molecule interactions within the NM corona is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Chetwynd
- AB Sciex UK Ltd., Phoenix House, Lakeside Drive, Warrington, Cheshire WA1 1RX, UK;
| | - Emily J. Guggenheim
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (E.J.G.); (S.M.B.); (E.V.-J.)
| | - Sophie M. Briffa
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (E.J.G.); (S.M.B.); (E.V.-J.)
| | - James A. Thorn
- AB Sciex UK Ltd., Phoenix House, Lakeside Drive, Warrington, Cheshire WA1 1RX, UK;
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (E.J.G.); (S.M.B.); (E.V.-J.)
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (E.J.G.); (S.M.B.); (E.V.-J.)
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Adam V, Vaculovicova M. Capillary electrophoresis and nanomaterials - Part I: Capillary electrophoresis of nanomaterials. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2389-2404. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
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González Fá AJ, Cerutti I, Springer V, Girotti S, Centurión ME, Di Nezio MS, Pistonesi MF. Simple Characterization of Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles by Capillary Electrophoresis. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Baron D, Cacho C, Petr J. Electrokinetic preconcentration of magnetite core – carboxylic shell nanoparticles by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1499:217-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Baron D, Dolanská P, Medříková Z, Zbořil R, Petr J. Online stacking of carboxylated magnetite core-shell nanoparticles in capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2482-2487. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baron
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Petra Dolanská
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Medříková
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials; Department of Physical Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials; Department of Physical Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Jan Petr
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc; Olomouc Czech Republic
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Trapiella-Alfonso L, Ramírez-García G, d'Orlyé F, Varenne A. Electromigration separation methodologies for the characterization of nanoparticles and the evaluation of their behaviour in biological systems. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Functionalization and characterization of persistent luminescence nanoparticles by dynamic light scattering, laser Doppler and capillary electrophoresis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:272-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Duffy E, Mitev DP, Nesterenko PN, Kazarian AA, Paull B. Separation and characterisation of detonation nanodiamond by capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1864-72. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emer Duffy
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Dimitar P. Mitev
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Pavel N. Nesterenko
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Artaches A. Kazarian
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
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Sang F, Huang X, Ren J. Characterization and separation of semiconductor quantum dots and their conjugates by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:793-803. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Sang
- School of Marine Science and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Weihai P. R. China
| | - Xiangyi Huang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jicun Ren
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai P. R. China
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Girardot M, d'Orlyé F, Varenne A. Electrokinetic characterization of superparamagnetic nanoparticle-aptamer conjugates: design of new highly specific probes for miniaturized molecular diagnostics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1089-98. [PMID: 23925800 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the view of designing new nanoparticle (NP)-aptamer conjugates and proving their suitability as biorecognition tools for miniaturized molecular diagnostics, new maghemite-silica core-shell NP-aptamer conjugates were characterized for the first time in terms of grafting rate and colloidal stability under electrophoretic conditions using capillary electrophoresis. After the grafting rate (on the order of six to 50) of the lysozyme-binding aptamer had been estimated, the electrophoretic stability and peak dispersion of the resulting oligonucleotide-NP conjugates were estimated so as to determine the optimal separation conditions in terms of buffer pH, ionic strength and nature, as well as temperature and electric field strength. The effective surface charge density of the NPs was close to zero for pH lower than 5, which led to some aggregation. The NPs were stable in the pH range from 5 to 9, and an increase in electrophoretic mobility was evidenced with increasing pH. Colloidal stability was preserved at physiological pH for both non-grafted NPs and grafted NPs in the 10-100 mM ionic strength range and in the 15-60 °C temperature range. A strong influence of the nature of the buffer counterion on NP electrophoretic mobility and peak dispersion was evidenced, thus indicating some interactions between buffer components and NP-aptamer conjugates. Whereas an electric field effect (50-900 V cm(-1)) on NP electrophoretic mobility was evidenced, probably linked to counterion dissociation, temperature seems to have an appreciable effect on the zeta potential and aptamer configuration as well. This information is crucial for estimating the potentialities of such biorecognition tools in electrophoretic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Girardot
- Laboratory of Physicochemistry of Electrolytes, Colloids and Analytical Sciences (PECSA), UMR CNRS 7195 - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, ENSCP-Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
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Baharifar H, Fakhari AR, Ziyadi H, Oghabian MA, Amani A, Faridi-Majidi R. Influence of polymeric coating on capillary electrophoresis of iron oxide nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-013-0298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Zhang P, Park S, Kang SH. Size-dependent magnetophoresis of native single super-paramagnetic nanoparticles in a microchip. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7298-300. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43602k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Stephens JR, Beveridge JS, Williams ME. Analytical methods for separating and isolating magnetic nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3280-9. [PMID: 22306911 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp22982j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the large body of literature describing the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles, few analytical tools are commonly used for their purification and analysis. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, magnetic nanoparticles are appealing candidates for biomedical applications and analytical separations. Yet in the absence of methods for assessing and assuring their purity, the ultimate use of magnetic particles and heterostructures is likely to be limited. In this review, we summarize the separation techniques that have been initially used for this purpose. For magnetic nanoparticles, it is the use of an applied magnetic flux or field gradient that enables separations. Flow based techniques are combined with applied magnetic fields to give methods such as magnetic field flow fractionation and high gradient magnetic separation. Additional techniques have been explored for manipulating particles in microfluidic channels and in mesoporous membranes. Further development of these and new analytical tools for separation and analysis of colloidal particles is critically important to enable the practical use of these, particularly for medicinal purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Stephens
- The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Analysis of Nanoparticles Based on Electrophoretic Separations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-56328-6.00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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López-Lorente A, Simonet B, Valcárcel M. Electrophoretic methods for the analysis of nanoparticles. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Petr J, Teste B, Descroix S, Siaugue JM, Gareil P, Varenne A. Separation of α-lactalbumin grafted- and non-grafted maghemite core/silica shell nanoparticles by capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2754-61. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pyell U. Characterization of nanoparticles by capillary electromigration separation techniques. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:814-31. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Anik N, Airiau M, Labeau MP, Bzducha W, Cottet H. Characterization of copolymer latexes by capillary electrophoresis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:1700-1706. [PMID: 19873976 DOI: 10.1021/la902661m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Latexes are widely used for industrial applications, including decorative paints, binders for the papermaking industry, and drilling fluids for oil-field applications. In this work, the interest of capillary zone electrophoresis (CE) for the characterization of hydrophobic block copolymer latexes obtained by the conventional emulsion polymerization technique consisting of a core of polystyrene (PS) surrounded by a layer of poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) has been investigated. The PEA part of the copolymer can be partially hydrolyzed in poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) leading to PS-PEA-AA water-soluble amphiphilic copolymer having high viscosifying properties. The main purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential of CE for the characterization of the latexes at the different stages of the synthesis (PS core, PS-PEA diblock latex, and hydrolyzed PS-PEA-AA gel). The main analytical issues were to state (i) if there was free PS or PEA homopolymer latexes in the PS-PEA latex sample and (ii) if there was free PS, PEA, PS-PEA latexes, or free PAA chains in the PS-PEA-AA gel. Within this scope, this work describes the optimization of the selectivity of the separation between the different species (PS, PEA particles in the not hydrolyzed diblock latex and PS, PEA, PS-PEA particles as well as the polymer PAA chains in the PS-PEA-AA diblock gel sample obtained by latter latex hydrolysis). For that purpose, several experimental parameters were investigated such as pH and ionic strength of the background electrolyte (BGE) or the concentration of neutral surfactant added in the BGE. A challenging issue was to overcome the high viscosity of the PS-PEA-AA gel. This was resolved by the addition of 10 mM neutral surfactant in the gel sample and in the BGE. Finally, it is demonstrated that, within the detection limits, CE is a suitable analytical tool for controlling and monitoring the syntheses of these latexes and for intrinsically characterizing the distribution in charge density of the final PS-PEA-AA gel at different hydrolysis rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Anik
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier 1), case courrier 1706, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Influence of buffer composition on the capillary electrophoretic separation of carbon nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:9048-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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A highly efficient capillary electrophoresis-based method for size determination of water-soluble CdSe/ZnS core–shell quantum dots. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 647:219-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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d'Orlyé F, Varenne A, Georgelin T, Siaugue JM, Teste B, Descroix S, Gareil P. Charge-based characterization of nanometric cationic bifunctional maghemite/silica core/shell particles by capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2572-82. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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d’Orlyé F, Varenne A, Gareil P. Determination of nanoparticle diffusion coefficients by Taylor dispersion analysis using a capillary electrophoresis instrument. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1204:226-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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