1
|
Al-Sulaimi S, Kushwah R, Abdullah Alsibani M, El Jery A, Aldrdery M, Ashraf GA. Emerging Developments in Separation Techniques and Analysis of Chiral Pharmaceuticals. Molecules 2023; 28:6175. [PMID: 37687004 PMCID: PMC10489017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral separation, the process of isolating enantiomers from a racemic mixture, holds paramount importance in diverse scientific disciplines. Using chiral separation methods like chromatography and electrophoresis, enantiomers can be isolated and characterized. This study emphasizes the significance of chiral separation in drug development, quality control, environmental analysis, and chemical synthesis, facilitating improved therapeutic outcomes, regulatory compliance, and enhanced industrial processes. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has emerged as a powerful technique for the analysis of chiral drugs. This review also highlights the significance of CE in chiral drug analysis, emphasizing its high separation efficiency, rapid analysis times, and compatibility with other detection techniques. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become a vital technique for chiral drugs analysis. Through the utilization of a chiral stationary phase, HPLC separates enantiomers based on their differential interactions, allowing for the quantification of individual enantiomeric concentrations. This study also emphasizes the significance of HPLC in chiral drug analysis, highlighting its excellent resolution, sensitivity, and applicability. The resolution and enantiomeric analysis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) hold great importance due to their chiral nature and potential variations in pharmacological effects. Several studies have emphasized the significance of resolving and analyzing the enantiomers of NSAIDs. Enantiomeric analysis provides critical insights into the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and potential interactions of NSAIDs, aiding in drug design, optimization, and personalized medicine for improved therapeutic outcomes and patient safety. Microfluidics systems have revolutionized chiral separation, offering miniaturization, precise fluid control, and high throughput. Integration of microscale channels and techniques provides a promising platform for on-chip chiral analysis in pharmaceuticals and analytical chemistry. Their applications in techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) offer improved resolution and faster analysis times, making them valuable tools for enantiomeric analysis in pharmaceutical, environmental, and biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Al-Sulaimi
- Department of Biological Science and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 611, Oman; (S.A.-S.); (R.K.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Reveka Kushwah
- Department of Biological Science and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 611, Oman; (S.A.-S.); (R.K.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohammed Abdullah Alsibani
- Department of Biological Science and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 611, Oman; (S.A.-S.); (R.K.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Atef El Jery
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moutaz Aldrdery
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alatawi H, Hogan A, Albalawi I, O'Sullivan‐Carroll E, Alsefri S, Wang Y, Moore E. Rapid determination of NSAIDs by capillary and microchip electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection in wastewater. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1944-1952. [PMID: 35946549 PMCID: PMC9804212 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid method using CE and microchip electrophoresis with C4 D has been developed for the separation of four nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the environmental sample. The investigated compounds were ibuprofen (IB), ketoprofen (KET), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and diclofenac sodium (DIC). In the present study, we applied for the first time microchip electrophoresis with C4 D detection to the separation and detection of ASA, IB, DIC, and KET in the wastewater matrix. Under optimum conditions, the four NSAIDs compounds could be well separated in less than 1 min in a BGE composed of 20 mM His/15 mM Tris, pH 8.6, 2 mM hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, and 10% methanol (v/v) at a separation voltage of 1000-1200 V. The proposed method showed excellent repeatability, good sensitivity (LODs ranging between 0.156 and 0.6 mg/L), low cost, high sample throughputs, portable instrumentation for mobile deployment, and extremely lower reagent and sample consumption. The developed method was applied to the analysis of pharmaceuticals in wastewater samples with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 62.5% to 118%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alatawi
- School of ChemistryUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Anna Hogan
- School of ChemistryUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | | | | | - Samia Alsefri
- School of ChemistryUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | | | - Eric Moore
- School of ChemistryUniversity College CorkCorkIreland,Tyndall National InstituteCorkIreland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou J, Xu Z. Simultaneous separation of 12 different classes of antibiotics under the condition of complete protonation by capillary electrophoresis-coupled contactless conductivity detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:174-179. [PMID: 34935007 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01838h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel capillary electrophoresis - capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D) method for the separation of 12 antibiotics, including four types of aminoglycosides, three types of fluoroquinolones, two types of tetracyclines, and three types of macrolides, was developed. Half of these antibiotics were not determined by ultraviolet (UV) because of their lack of UV-absorbing groups. Formic acid (FA) (pH 2.50) with low conductivity was employed as the background electrolyte (BGE) in comparison with three BGE systems (i.e., HAc, HCl and H3PO4), which not only allowed complete protonation and electrophoresis separation but provided more cost-effectiveness and shorter analysis time. Under these conditions, a UV detector was employed as an additional detection mode to evaluate the qualitative analysis of 6 antibiotics possessing UV absorbing groups. Moreover, it was found that the sensitivities of the C4D and UV detectors were similar. Albeit a slightly reduced sensitivity of C4D in the analysis of norfloxacin, enrofloxacin and tylosin compared to UV, enough points were achieved to detect all analytes by C4D. The repeatability with respect to peak areas and migration times was better than 4.69% and 2.48% (n = 5), respectively. Mixed liquid pharmaceutical formulations of tobramycin eye drops having non-UV absorbing groups and ofloxacin eye drops possessing UV absorbing groups have been separated and detected in a single run by this technique. The studied recoveries of the two were 100% and 103%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjing Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Zhongqi Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Electrochemical Method for Ease Determination of Sodium Diclofenac Trace Levels in Water Using Graphene-Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Paste Electrode. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010029. [PMID: 35010286 PMCID: PMC8750901 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sodium diclofenac (DCF) presence reported in water use cycle at various concentrations including trace levels necessitates continuous development of advanced analytical method for its determination. In this work, ease electrochemical methods for DCF determination based on voltammetric and amperometric techniques were proposed using a simple combination of graphene with multi-walled carbon nanotubes as paste electrode. Integration of the graphene with multi-walled carbon nanotubes enlarged the electroactive surface area of the electrode and implicitly enhanced the electrochemical response for DCF determination. On the basis of the sorption autocatalytic effect manifested at low concentration of DCF, we found that the preconcentration step applied prior to differential-pulsed voltammetry (DPV) and multiple-pulsed amperometry (MPA) allowed for the enhancement of the electroanalytical performance of the DCF electrochemical detections, which were validated by testing in tap water. The lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 1.40 ng·L−1 was found using preconcentration prior to DPV under optimized operating conditions, which is better than that reached by other carbon-based electrodes reported in the literature.
Collapse
|
5
|
Paul P, Sänger-van de Griend C, Adams E, Van Schepdael A. Recent advances in the capillary electrophoresis analysis of antibiotics with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:405-415. [PMID: 29940496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This review describes briefly the high rate of counterfeiting of antimicrobial drugs with focus upon its immediate health consequences. The major part of this review encompasses accounts of the improvements achieved in the domain of miniaturization of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D). The application of this principle into the development of portable devices as well as its application to counter the health-system-crippling phenomenon of counterfeit antibiotic formulations, are discussed in the context of developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Paul
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, O&N2, PB 923, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Cari Sänger-van de Griend
- Department of Medicinal chemistry, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, 751 23, Sweden; Kantisto BV, Callenburglaan 22, Baarn, 3742 MV, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Adams
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, O&N2, PB 923, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, O&N2, PB 923, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Paul P, Sänger-van de Griend C, Adams E, Van Schepdael A. A simple, low-cost and robust capillary zone electrophoresis method with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for the routine determination of four selected penicillins in money-constrained laboratories. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2521-2529. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Paul
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven; Pharmaceutical Analysis; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences; Leuven Belgium
| | - Cari Sänger-van de Griend
- Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Uppsala University; Husargatan Sweden
- Kantisto BV; Calenburglaan The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Adams
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven; Pharmaceutical Analysis; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences; Leuven Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven; Pharmaceutical Analysis; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences; Leuven Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun S, Wang Y, Liu X, Fu R, Yang L. Rapid and sensitive tapered-capillary microextraction combined to on-line sample stacking-capillary electrophoresis for extraction and quantification of two beta-blockers in human urine. Talanta 2017; 180:90-97. [PMID: 29332838 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A tapered-capillary microextraction (tCap-μEx) combining with field-amplified stacking (FASI) method for CE analysis was developed. The tCap-μEx method is based on the construction of a micro solid phase extraction (SPE) column by narrowing the end of a silica capillary from 530µm (inner diameter) to 20µm, enabling the packing of 45µm sorbent particles without a frit. Various parameters that may affect the microextraction and FASI-CE analysis have been investigated and optimized. This study shows that microextraction exhibits advantages of small sample and sorbent volumes (less than 200μL sample and 2μL sorbent) and fast extraction time of 6min. The method was successfully applied for efficient determination of atenolol and metoprolol in human urine samples, with recovery of 93.7-105.5% and RSD (n=3) lower than 8.5%. Twenty-one-fold and nineteen-fold average enhancement of detection sensitivity was achieved for atenolol and metoprolol, respectively, versus the CE method without tCap-μEx and FASI. The method is environmentally friendly and allows reuse of the sorbent at least 8 times without an obvious loss in performance. The results indicate that the proposed method could be potentially applied in a wide range of doping control, clinical, forensic toxicology, food analysis and environmental analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, PR China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, PR China
| | - Rao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hamdan II. Capillary electrophoresis in the analysis of pharmaceuticals in environmental water: A critical review. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1293550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imad I. Hamdan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Le MD, Duong HA, Nguyen MH, Sáiz J, Pham HV, Mai TD. Screening determination of pharmaceutical pollutants in different water matrices using dual-channel capillary electrophoresis coupled with contactless conductivity detection. Talanta 2016; 160:512-520. [PMID: 27591645 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the employment of purpose-made dual-channel compact capillary electrophoresis (CE) instrument with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C(4)D) as a simple and inexpensive solution for screening determination of various pharmaceutical pollutants frequently occurring in surface water and hospital wastewater in Hanoi, Vietnam is reported. Five negatively charged pharmaceutically active compounds, namely ibuprofen, diclofenac, bezafibrate, ketoprofen and mefenamic acid were determined using the first channel whereas three positively charged ones, namely diphenhydramine, metoprolol and atenolol were determined with the second channel of the CE-C(4)D instrument. Two different background electrolytes (BGEs) were used in these two CE channels independently. The best detection limits achieved were in the range of 0.2-0.8mg/L without sample pre-concentration. Enrichment factors up to 200 were obtainable with the inclusion of a solid phase extraction step. Good agreement between results obtained from CE-C(4)D and those with the standard confirmation method (HPLC-DAD) was achieved, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.98.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Duc Le
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hong Anh Duong
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Manh Huy Nguyen
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jorge Sáiz
- Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006 Spain
| | - Hung Viet Pham
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Thanh Duc Mai
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
AbstractCapillary electrophoresis (CE) is an attractive technique in separation science because of its high separation performance, short analysis time and low cost. Electrochemical detection (EC) is a powerful tool for CE because of its high sensitivity. In this review, developments of CE-EC from 2008 to August, 2011 are reviewed. We choose papers of innovative and novel results to demonstrate the newest and most important progress in CE-EC.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mai TD, Bomastyk B, Duong HA, Pham HV, Hauser PC. Automated capillary electrophoresis with on-line preconcentration by solid phase extraction using a sequential injection manifold and contactless conductivity detection. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 727:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
12
|
Tůma P, Málková K, Samcová E, Štulík K. Rapid monitoring of mono- and disaccharides in drinks, foodstuffs and foodstuff additives by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 698:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
13
|
Gibbons SE, Wang C, Ma Y. Determination of pharmaceutical and personal care products in wastewater by capillary electrophoresis with UV detection. Talanta 2011; 84:1163-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
14
|
Kubáň P, Hauser PC. Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for microseparation techniques - recent developments. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:30-42. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Frost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Meng Jing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Michael T. Bowser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Castro-Puyana M, Crego AL, Marina ML. Recent advances in the analysis of antibiotics by CE and CEC. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:229-50. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
17
|
Al Azzam KM, Saad B, Aboul-Enein HY. Simultaneous determination of atenolol and amiloride in pharmaceutical preparations by capillary zone electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:948-53. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
18
|
Trojanowicz M. Recent developments in electrochemical flow detections—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 653:36-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
19
|
A compact and high-resolution version of a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3458-64. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|