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Yashin DV, Ivanova OK, Soshnikova NV, Sheludchenkov AA, Romanova EA, Dukhanina EA, Tonevitsky AG, Gnuchev NV, Gabibov AG, Georgiev GP, Sashchenko LP. Tag7 (PGLYRP1) in Complex with Hsp70 Induces Alternative Cytotoxic Processes in Tumor Cells via TNFR1 Receptor. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:21724-31. [PMID: 26183779 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.639732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tag7 (also known as peptidoglycan recognition protein PGRP-S, PGLYRP1), an innate immunity protein, interacts with Hsp70 to form a stable Tag7-Hsp70 complex with cytotoxic activity against some tumor cell lines. In this study, we have analyzed the programmed cell death mechanisms that are induced when cells interact with the Tag7-Hsp70 complex, which was previously shown to be released by human lymphocytes and is cytotoxic to cancer cells. We show that this complex induces both apoptotic and necroptotic processes in the cells. Apoptosis follows the classic caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation pathway. Inhibition of apoptosis leads to a switch to the RIP1-dependent necroptosis. Both of these cytotoxic processes are initiated by the involvement of TNFR1, a receptor for TNF-α. Our results suggest that the Tag7-Hsp70 complex is a novel ligand for this receptor. One of its components, the innate immunity protein Tag7, can bind to the TNFR1 receptor, thereby inhibiting the cytotoxic actions of the Tag7-Hsp70 complex and TNF-α, an acquired immunity cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V Yashin
- From the Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Vavilova 34/5, Moscow 119334
| | - Olga K Ivanova
- From the Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Vavilova 34/5, Moscow 119334
| | - Natalia V Soshnikova
- From the Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Vavilova 34/5, Moscow 119334
| | - Anton A Sheludchenkov
- From the Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Vavilova 34/5, Moscow 119334
| | - Elena A Romanova
- From the Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Vavilova 34/5, Moscow 119334
| | - Elena A Dukhanina
- From the Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Vavilova 34/5, Moscow 119334, the Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS, Moscow 119334
| | - Alexander G Tonevitsky
- the P.A. Hertsen Moscow Research Oncology Institute, 2nd Botkinskii p. 3, Moscow 125284, and
| | - Nikolai V Gnuchev
- From the Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Vavilova 34/5, Moscow 119334
| | - Alexander G Gabibov
- From the Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Vavilova 34/5, Moscow 119334, the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, Mikluho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Georgii P Georgiev
- From the Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Vavilova 34/5, Moscow 119334
| | - Lidia P Sashchenko
- From the Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Vavilova 34/5, Moscow 119334,
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Proteomics of the human pituitary tissue: bioanalytical methods and applications. Bioanalysis 2015; 6:1989-2003. [PMID: 25158968 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The pituitary is the central endocrine gland that plays complex regulatory roles in growth, reproduction and metabolism of the body. The human pituitary tissue proteome has been the target of a number of investigations that applied various combinations of advanced separation techniques, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics tools. This review describes the main features of the bioanalytical workflows used in pituitary proteomics, and summarizes major applications in pituitary proteome mapping, differential protein expression profiling in health and disease, and discovery of post-translational modifications in pituitary proteins.
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Detection and differentiation of 22kDa and 20kDa Growth Hormone proteoforms in human plasma by LC-MS/MS. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:284-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jing J, Zhou X, He C, Zhang L, Yang S, Xu Y, Xie M, Yan Y, Su H, Wu M. Biomarker detection of rhGH Doping: an excretion study. Drug Test Anal 2012; 4:739-44. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing
- China Anti-Doping Agency; Beijing; 100029; China
| | | | - Chunji He
- China Anti-Doping Agency; Beijing; 100029; China
| | - Lisi Zhang
- China Anti-Doping Agency; Beijing; 100029; China
| | - Sheng Yang
- China Anti-Doping Agency; Beijing; 100029; China
| | - Youxuan Xu
- China Anti-Doping Agency; Beijing; 100029; China
| | - Minhao Xie
- Beijing Sport University; Beijing; 100084; China
| | - Yi Yan
- Beijing Sport University; Beijing; 100084; China
| | - Hao Su
- Beijing Sport University; Beijing; 100084; China
| | - Moutian Wu
- China Anti-Doping Agency; Beijing; 100029; China
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Thomas A, Schänzer W, Delahaut P, Thevis M. Immunoaffinity purification of peptide hormones prior to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in doping controls. Methods 2012; 56:230-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Reichel C. OMICS-strategies and methods in the fight against doping. Forensic Sci Int 2011; 213:20-34. [PMID: 21862249 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade OMICS-methods not only continued to have their impact on research strategies in life sciences and in particular molecular biology, but also started to be used for anti-doping control purposes. Research activities were mainly reasoned by the fact that several substances and methods, which were prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), were or still are difficult to detect by direct methods. Transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in theory offer ideal platforms for the discovery of biomarkers for the indirect detection of the abuse of these substances and methods. Traditionally, the main focus of transcriptomics and proteomics projects has been on the prolonged detection of the misuse of human growth hormone (hGH), recombinant erythropoietin (rhEpo), and autologous blood transfusion. An additional benefit of the indirect or marker approach would also be that similarly acting substances might then be detected by a single method, without being forced to develop new direct detection methods for new but comparable prohibited substances (as has been the case, e.g. for the various forms of Epo analogs and biosimilars). While several non-OMICS-derived parameters for the indirect detection of doping are currently in use, for example the blood parameters of the hematological module of the athlete's biological passport, the outcome of most non-targeted OMICS-projects led to no direct application in routine doping control so far. The main reason is the inherent complexity of human transcriptomes, proteomes, and metabolomes and their inter-individual variability. The article reviews previous and recent research projects and their results and discusses future strategies for a more efficient application of OMICS-methods in doping control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Reichel
- Doping Control Laboratory, AIT Seibersdorf Laboratories, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
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Sakharov DA, Maltseva DV, Riabenko EA, Shkurnikov MU, Northoff H, Tonevitsky AG, Grigoriev AI. Passing the anaerobic threshold is associated with substantial changes in the gene expression profile in white blood cells. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:963-72. [PMID: 21717121 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High and moderate intensity endurance exercise alters gene expression in human white blood cells (WBCs), but the understanding of how this effect occurs is limited. To increase our knowledge of the nature of this process, we investigated the effects of passing the anaerobic threshold (AnT) on the gene expression profile in WBCs of athletes. Nineteen highly trained skiers participated in a treadmill test with an incremental step protocol until exhaustion (ramp test to exhaustion, RTE). The average total time to exhaustion was 14:40 min and time after AnT was 4:50 min. Two weeks later, seven of these skiers participated in a moderate treadmill test (MT) at 80% peak O(2) uptake for 30 min, which was slightly below their AnTs. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after both tests. RTE was associated with substantially greater leukocytosis and acidosis than MT. Gene expression in WBCs was measured using whole genome microarray expression analysis before and immediately after each test. A total of 310 upregulated genes were found after RTE, and 69 genes after MT of which 64 were identical to RTE. Both tests influenced a variety of known gene pathways related to inflammation, stress response, signal transduction and apoptosis. A large group of differentially expressed previously unknown small nucleolar RNA and small Cajal body RNA was found. In conclusion, a 15-min test to exhaustion was associated with substantially greater changes of gene expression than a 30-min test just below the AnT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Sakharov
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Russian Research Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Elizavetinsky lane 10, Moscow, Russia.
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Kohler M, Thomas A, Walpurgis K, Terlouw K, Schänzer W, Thevis M. Detection of His-tagged Long-R³-IGF-I in a black market product. Growth Horm IGF Res 2010; 20:386-390. [PMID: 20675162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Performance-enhancing substances are illicitly used in elite or amateur sports and may be obtained from the black market due to a cheaper and easier availability. Although various studies have shown that black market products frequently do not contain the declared substances, enormous amounts of illegally produced and/or imported drugs are confiscated from athletes or at customs with alarming results concerning the outcome of the analyses of the ingredients. This case report describes the identification of His-tagged Long-R³-IGF-I, which is usually produced for biochemical studies, in an injection vial. DESIGN The ingredients were isolated by immunoaffinity purification and identified by nano-UPLC, high-resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry of the intact and trypsinated substance and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS (Tandem) mass spectra characterized the protein as Long-R³-IGF-I with a His₆-tag attached to the C-terminus by the linker amino acids Leu-Glu. CONCLUSION His-tags are commonly added to proteins during synthesis to allow a convenient and complete purification of the final product and His-tags are subsequently removed by specific enzymes when being attached to the N-terminus. The effects of His-tagged Long-R³-IGF-I in humans have not been elucidated or described and the product may rather be a by-product from biochemical studies than synthesized for injection purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxie Kohler
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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Annual banned-substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing. Drug Test Anal 2010; 2:149-61. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Catching athletes abusing human growth hormone (GH) by official antidoping tests is challenging because of specific properties of the hormone. Furthermore, the chemical structure of recombinant GH (rGH) is identical to that of the main GH isoform secreted by the pituitary, making it difficult to discriminate between endogenous and injected GH molecules by biochemical tests. The approaches developed to solve the problem include the "marker approach," which measures changes in concentration of GH-dependent proteins that are inappropriately elevated after rGH injection, and the "isoform approach," which detects changes in the spectrum of circulating GH isoforms after administration of rGH. A more widespread use of these tests in out-of-competition controls will enhance the likelihood to detect GH doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bidlingmaier
- Endocrine Research Laboratories, Medizinische Klinik-Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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Thevis M, Bredehöft M, Kohler M, Schänzer W. Mass spectrometry-based analysis of IGF-1 and hGH. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2010:201-207. [PMID: 20020366 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric approaches have been used to determine various peptide hormones in sports drug testing. While insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its synthetic analogs are qualitatively and/or quantitatively measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after immunoaffinity purification, methods of uncovering doping rule violations with illegal applications of human growth hormone (hGH) have not yet been established using mass spectrometry-based assays. However, substantial information on the heterogeneity of hGH, splice variants and post-translational modifications with respective locations as elucidated by mass spectrometry are of utmost importance for improving currently employed immunological procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
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Such-Sanmartín G, Bosch J, Segura J, Gutiérrez-Gallego R. Generation of 5 and 17 kDa human growth hormone fragments through limited proteolysis. Growth Factors 2009; 27:255-64. [PMID: 19603307 DOI: 10.1080/08977190903110121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The reported presence of two fragments of 5 and 17 kDa originating from the 22 kDa human growth hormone (hGH) in blood and tissues, postulated as the sequences AA 1-43 and AA 44-191, has led to the hypothesis of a post-translational proteolytic origin with respect to the abundant 22 kDa variant (AA 1-191). To evaluate this hypothesis, the activity of several endo-proteases on the 22 kDa hGH protein has been evaluated. METHODS Proteolysis using pepsin, trypsin, V8-protease, proteinase K and thermolysin were explored under several conditions, including incubation time and pH. Results were monitored by MALDI-TOF and HPLC-ESI mass spectrometry. Proteolytic 5 and 17 kDa fragments were purified through reversed phase HPLC-UV, and their immuno-affinity properties evaluated by surface plasmon resonance. RESULTS Thermolysin was shown to target mainly the AA 43-44 bond of the 22 kDa sequence at physiological pH. Interaction studies of the purified fragments with anti-GH antibodies showed some reactivity for the 17 kDa fragment. CONCLUSIONS Thermolysin processes hGH generating 5 and 17 kDa fragments, demonstrating the feasibility of this reaction, although the enzyme responsible for this process in humans is still unknown. Specific antibodies should be used to detect these fragments in human specimens, and, at the same time, the 17 kDa fragment could constitute an interference in some hGH immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Such-Sanmartín
- Bio-Analysis Group, Neuropsychopharmacology Program, Municipal Institute for Medical Research-Hospital del Mar, Parque de Investigación Biomédica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Detection of doping with recombinant human growth hormone is one of the challenges for antidoping analysis. This review focuses on the most important relevant publications that provide insight into the laboratory measurement of human growth hormone (hGH), antibodies and standards, the isoform approach and the biomarker approach. The isoform approach monitors the changes of hGH molecular isoform composition in serum and was applied at the Olympic Games in Athens in 2004, Turin in 2006 and Beijing in 2008. The markers approach detects a formula score, which reflects the changes in concentration of IGF-1 and P-III-P. All these methodologies measure the concentrations of growth hormone and its isoforms for isoform approach, or the concentrations of IGF-1 and P-III-P. All factors that affect these measurements should be taken into account for the development of methods to detect doping with recombinant hGH.
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Kohler M, Thomas A, Püschel K, Schänzer W, Thevis M. Identification of Human Pituitary Growth Hormone Variants by Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:1071-6. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800945b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxie Kohler
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Germany, and Department of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Thomas
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Germany, and Department of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Püschel
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Germany, and Department of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Germany, and Department of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Mario Thevis
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Germany, and Department of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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Thevis M, Kuuranne T, Geyer H, Schänzer W. Annual banned-substance review: the Prohibited List 2008-analytical approaches in human sports drug testing. Drug Test Anal 2009; 1:4-13. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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