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Huge BJ, Kerr CM, Wanigasinghe S, Champion MM, Dovichi NJ. Optimized sample buffer for dispersed, high-resolution capillary zone electrophoretic separation of Escherichia coli B. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22269. [PMID: 38097688 PMCID: PMC10721931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is a powerful tool for high resolution chemical separations. Applying CZE to microbial samples may facilitate a deeper understanding of bacterial physiology and behavior. However, the study of complex microbial samples has been limited by the uncontrolled hetero-aggregation of bacterial cells under an applied electric field. We tested a wide range of sample buffers and buffer additives for the optimization of bacterial CZE separations using a 20 mM Tris-HCl background electrolyte. By modifying the sample buffer, but not the background electrolyte, we retain constant separation conditions, which aids in the comparison of the sample buffer additives. We report optimized methods for automated CZE separation and simultaneous fractionation of Escherichia coli B, which is one of the two most widely used wild-type strains. A modified sample buffer containing neutral salts and the addition of glycerol produced a 20-fold increase in loading capacity and a reduction in peak width/broadening of 86% in comparison to previously reported work. In addition, the glycerol-modified sample buffer appears to reduce the persistent aggregation and adhesion to the capillary walls during electrophoretic separations of complex environmental microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Jaskowski Huge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Caitlin M Kerr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Sacheela Wanigasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Matthew M Champion
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
- Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
- Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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Chylewska A, Ogryzek M, Makowski M. Modern Approach to Medical Diagnostics - the Use of Separation Techniques in Microorganisms Detection. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:121-165. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171023164813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Analytical chemistry and biotechnology as an interdisciplinary fields of science have been developed during many years and are experiencing significant growth, to cover a wide range of microorganisms separation techniques and methods, utilized for medical therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Currently scientific reports contribute by introducing electrophoretical and immunological methods and formation of devices applied in food protection (avoiding epidemiological diseases) and healthcare (safety ensuring in hospitals).Methods:Electrophoretic as well as nucleic-acid-based or specific immunological methods have contributed tremendously to the advance of analyses in recent three decades, particularly in relation to bacteria, viruses and fungi identifications, especially in medical in vitro diagnostics, as well as in environmental or food protection.Results:The paper presents the pathogen detection competitiveness of these methods against conventional ones, which are still too time consuming and also labor intensive. The review is presented in several parts following the current trends in improved pathogens separation and detection methods and their subsequent use in medical diagnosis.Discussion:Part one, consists of elemental knowledge about microorganisms as an introduction to their characterization: descriptions of divisions, sizes, membranes (cells) components. Second section includes the development, new technological and practical solution descriptions used in electrophoretical procedures during microbes analyses, with special attention paid to bio-samples analyses like blood, urine, lymph or wastewater. Third part covers biomolecular areas that have created a basis needed to identify the progress, limitations and challenges of nucleic-acid-based and immunological techniques discussed to emphasize the advantages of new separative techniques in selective fractionating of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chylewska
- Laboratory of Intermolecular Interactions, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80- 308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ogryzek
- Laboratory of Intermolecular Interactions, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80- 308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Makowski
- Laboratory of Intermolecular Interactions, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80- 308 Gdansk, Poland
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3
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Huge BJ, Champion MM, Dovichi NJ. Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Fraction Collection for Separation, Culturing, and Identification of Bacteria from an Environmental Microbiome. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4649-4655. [PMID: 30801180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) can produce high-resolution separations of biological samples, including microbial mixtures. The study of complex populations of microorganisms using CZE is limited because most detectors have limited sensitivity, are destructive, and provide limited information for microbial identification. To address these issues, we developed an integrated capillary zone electrophoresis apparatus to fractionate bacteria from complex mixtures. We deposited fractions onto nutrient agar in a Petri dish for microbial culturing, and we subjected the observed colonies to Sanger sequencing of a phylogenetic marker, the 16S rRNA gene, for microbial identification. We separated and cultured both a single bacteria species, the model Gram-negative organism Escherichia coli, and a complex environmental isolate of primary sewage effluent. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes from this mixture identified 15 ± 5 distinct bacterial species per run. This approach requires minimal manipulation of microbial populations and combines electrophoretic fractionation of bacterial cells with automated collection for accurate identification of species. This approach should be applicable to microorganisms in general and may enable discrimination of physiologically different cells in complex assemblages, such as in microbiome samples.
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Arce C, Cahya-Mawarda P, Arroyo-Manzanares N, Garrido JJ, Arce L. CE method for analyzing Salmonella typhimurium in water samples. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:534-539. [PMID: 29087615 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium is commonly described as a food-borne pathogen. However, natural and drinking water are known to be important sources for the transmission of this pathogen in developing and developed countries. The standard method to determine Salmonella is laborious and many false positives are detected. To solve this, the present work was focused on the development of a capillary zone electrophoresis method coupled to ultraviolet detection for determination of Salmonella typhimurium in water (mineral and tap water). Separations were performed in less than 11 minutes using 4.5 mM Tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane, 4.5 mM boric acid and 0.1 mM ethylene diamine tetraacetate (pH 8.4) with 0.1% v/v poly ethylene oxide as separation buffer. The precision of the method was evaluated in terms of repeatability obtaining a relative standard deviation of 10.5%. Using the proposed method Salmonella typhimurium could be separated from other bacteria that could be present in water such as Escherichia coli. Finally, the proposed methodology was applied to determine Salmonella typhimurium in tap and mineral water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Arce
- Department of Animal Production, University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Panji Cahya-Mawarda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Annex Building, Campus of Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain.,Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jalan Cisitu/Sangkuriang, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Annex Building, Campus of Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan J Garrido
- Department of Genetic, University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lourdes Arce
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Annex Building, Campus of Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
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Crispo F, Capece A, Guerrieri A, Romano P. Capillary zone electrophoresis as alternative tool for rapid identification and quantification of viable Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sautrey G, Duval RE, Chevalley A, Fontanay S, Clarot I. Capillary electrophoresis for fast detection of heterogeneous population in colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2630-3. [PMID: 26101140 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that diverse strains of bacteria can be separated according to their characteristic surface properties by means of CE. We employed here this analytical technique to the study of colistin-resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, which involves the selection of mutants with modified outer membrane composition resulting in changes of surface cell properties. In the same way as with molecular entities, we performed firstly the validation of an ITP-based CE method for three common pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Secondly, we compared the electrophoretic profiles of bacterial samples from a colistin-susceptible clinical isolate of K. pneumoniae and from the corresponding colistin-resistant derivative. By a simple CE run taking a few minutes, the coexistence of several bacterial subpopulations in the colistin-resistant derivative was clearly evidenced. This work encourages further research that would allow applications of CE in clinical laboratory for a daily monitoring of bacterial population in cared patients when "last-chance" colistin treatment is initiated against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Sautrey
- CNRS, SRSMC, UMR 7565, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Raphaël E Duval
- CNRS, SRSMC, UMR 7565, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,ABC Platform, Nancy, France
| | - Alicia Chevalley
- CNRS, SRSMC, UMR 7565, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Stéphane Fontanay
- CNRS, SRSMC, UMR 7565, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,ABC Platform, Nancy, France
| | - Igor Clarot
- CNRS, SRSMC, UMR 7565, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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7
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Halewyck H, Schotte L, Oita I, Thys B, Van Eeckhaut A, Heyden YV, Rombaut B. Affinity capillary electrophoresis to evaluate the complex formation between poliovirus and nanobodies. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3729-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadewych Halewyck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Lise Schotte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Iuliana Oita
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology; Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhar); Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Bert Thys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Ann Van Eeckhaut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology; Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhar); Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Bart Rombaut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
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SAITO S, MAEDA T, NAKAZUMI H, COLYER CL. An Application of Polymer-Enhanced Capillary Transient Isotachophoresis with an Emissive Boronic Acid Functionalized Squarylium Dye as an On-Capillary Labeling Agent for Gram-positive Bacteria. ANAL SCI 2013; 29:157-9. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.29.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo SAITO
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University
| | - Takeshi MAEDA
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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Subirats X, Blaas D, Kenndler E. Recent developments in capillary and chip electrophoresis of bioparticles: Viruses, organelles, and cells. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1579-90. [PMID: 21647924 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In appropriate aqueous buffer solutions, biological particles usually exhibit a particular electric surface charge due to exposed charged or chargeable functional groups (amino acid residues, acidic carbohydrate moieties, etc.). Consequently, these bioparticles can migrate in solution under the influence of an electric field allowing separation according to their electrophoretic mobilities or their pI values. Based on these properties, electromigration methods are of eminent interest for the characterization, separation, and detection of such particles. The present review discusses the research papers published between 2008 and 2010 dealing with isoelectric focusing and zone electrophoresis of viruses, organelles and microorganisms (bacteria and yeast cells) in the capillary and the chip format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Subirats
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.
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Kłodzińska E, Szumski M, Dziubakiewicz E, Hrynkiewicz K, Skwarek E, Janusz W, Buszewski B. Effect of zeta potential value on bacterial behavior during electrophoretic separation. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1590-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Petr J, Jiang C, Sevcik J, Tesarova E, Armstrong DW. Sterility testing by CE: a comparison of online preconcentration approaches in capillaries with greater internal diameters. Electrophoresis 2010; 30:3870-6. [PMID: 19847804 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Detection of microbial contamination is of critical importance in the medical and the food industry. Rapid tests for the absence or presence of viable microorganisms are in urgent demand. CE is a modern analytical technique that can be adapted for rapid screening of microbial contamination. However, the small dimensions of capillaries allow the introduction of only a small fraction of the sample, which can be problematic when examining large samples. In this article, we examine the possibilities of introducing larger sample volumes using capillaries with greater id together with different stacking techniques. The use of 0.32 mm id capillary and the injection of 60% of the capillary volume led to approximately 120-fold improvement of the injected sample volume over the classical injection 5% of a 0.10-mm id capillary. The setup we described opens new possibilities in sterility testing using CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Petr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
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Horká M, Horký J, Kubesová A, Mazanec K, Matoušková H, Šlais K. Electromigration techniques – a fast and economical tool for differentiation of similar strains of microorganisms. Analyst 2010; 135:1636-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00083c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Petr J, Ryparová O, Znaleziona J, Maier VÃ, SÌevcÌÃk J. On-line combination of CE and microscopy: An insight into the migration of microorganisms. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3863-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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