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Carlsson JA, Löfgren M, Amini A. Identity verification of monoclonal antibodies by triple injection capillary zone electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400092. [PMID: 38819776 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents an approach based on triple injection capillary zone electrophoresis for identification of monoclonal antibodies. The analyte to be identified is injected between two zones of a known reference. The distances between the reference zones (plug I and III) and the target zone (plug II) are adjusted by partial electrophoresis of the first and second injection plugs. The full migration time of the target analyte is calculated from the observed migration time by considering the migration times of the reference in the first and third injection plugs. The relative migration time, that is, the ratio between the full migration time of the analyte and the migration time of the reference in the third injection plug provides the basis for identification. Here, eight monoclonal antibodies, including a pair of biosimilars, were used interchangeably as both analyte and reference to investigate potential of the method. The relative migration time for a preliminary positive identification were found to vary between 0.994 and 1.006 (1.000 ± 0.006, p = 95%). Beside the relative migration time, isoform distribution, peak profiles, and early migrating peaks, originating from components in the pharmaceutical formulations, were successfully used to verify the identity of all tested monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmad Amini
- Swedish Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
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Stefanik O, Mikus P, Piestansky J. Quantitative analysis of therapeutic peptides by CZE using multiple sample injection in hydrodynamically closed separation system. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38738565 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic peptides have emerged as an innovative and promising class of therapeutic compounds in modern medicine. Synthetic peptide analogs triptorelin and lanreotide are known for their pronounced clinical versatility and potency. In this study, we present the development and validation of novel methods based on capillary zone electrophoresis performed in hydrodynamically closed system (HCS) and paired with ultraviolet detection and repeated injection sample introduction. To the best of our knowledge, we developed the first capillary electrophoresis-based method for the determination of lanreotide, and concurrently, the first HCS method for the determination of triptorelin. Maximal separation efficiency and signal intensity were achieved using background electrolytes composed of 50 mM formic acid with the addition of 0.05% (v/v) methyl-hydroxyethyl cellulose. The proposed methods exhibit favorable performance characteristics, namely, calibration curve (r2 exceeding 0.99), low limits of detection (0.25 µg/mL in a water matrix and 0.5 µg/mL in synthetic urine), acceptable precision (relative standard deviation ranging from 2.2% to 9.6% for intraday repeatability and between 5.2% and 14.9% for interday reproducibility), and accuracy (relative errors falling within the 91.1%-107.8% range). The method for triptorelin determination was then used for its quantification in a commercially available drug dosage form (powder for injection) and in spiked synthetic urine samples. The developed methods were also evaluated according to the novel blue applicability grade index, revealing their superior applicability. The results collectively point out the potential of the proposed methods for both quality control and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Stefanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Piestansky
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Krebs F, Zagst H, Stein M, Ratih R, Minkner R, Olabi M, Hartung S, Scheller C, Lapizco-Encinas BH, Sänger-van de Griend C, García CD, Wätzig H. Strategies for capillary electrophoresis: Method development and validation for pharmaceutical and biological applications-Updated and completely revised edition. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1279-1341. [PMID: 37537327 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This review is in support of the development of selective, precise, fast, and validated capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods. It follows up a similar article from 1998, Wätzig H, Degenhardt M, Kunkel A. "Strategies for capillary electrophoresis: method development and validation for pharmaceutical and biological applications," pointing out which fundamentals are still valid and at the same time showing the enormous achievements in the last 25 years. The structures of both reviews are widely similar, in order to facilitate their simultaneous use. Focusing on pharmaceutical and biological applications, the successful use of CE is now demonstrated by more than 600 carefully selected references. Many of those are recent reviews; therefore, a significant overview about the field is provided. There are extra sections about sample pretreatment related to CE and microchip CE, and a completely revised section about method development for protein analytes and biomolecules in general. The general strategies for method development are summed up with regard to selectivity, efficiency, precision, analysis time, limit of detection, sample pretreatment requirements, and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finja Krebs
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Holger Zagst
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Matthias Stein
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Ratih Ratih
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Robert Minkner
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Mais Olabi
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Sophie Hartung
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Christin Scheller
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kate Gleason College of Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Cari Sänger-van de Griend
- Kantisto BV, Baarn, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carlos D García
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
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Stutz H. Advances and applications of electromigration methods in the analysis of therapeutic and diagnostic recombinant proteins – A Review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 222:115089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Enhanced Sample Throughput Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with UV Detection in Hydrodynamically Closed System for Determination of Ibuprofen. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple analytical approach based on capillary zone electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection and repeated sample injection strategy (applied in a hydrodynamically closed separation system for the first time) was developed for the determination of ibuprofen (IBU) in commercially available pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed method was characterized by significantly increased sample throughput and favorable validation parameters, highly demanded in routine quality control laboratories. The limit of detection was predicted at the concentration level of 0.31 µg/mL. Intra-day precision expressed as the relative standard deviation of IBU concentration ranged from 1.9 to 5.6%, and corresponding intra-day accuracy expressed as the relative error was in the interval of 87.1–106.5%. Inter-day precision was in the range of 2.6–15.0%, and inter-day accuracy was 94.9–102.7%. The developed method was able to quantify IBU in complex pharmaceutical matrices represented by commercially available tablets and oral suspension. The determined contents of IBU in the tested dosage forms were in good agreement with the manufacturer’s declaration. The analytical performance of the developed method was evaluated according to the innovative RGB Additive Color Model strategy. It was demonstrated that the proposed method is characterized by very good analytical performance parameters, safety and eco-friendliness, and practical effectiveness.
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do Nascimento MP, Marques R, Pereira MP, Martins RDS, Irene Bombonato F, de Oliveira MAL. Determination of purity and anionic exchange efficiency of amino acid ionic liquids synthesis by multiple-injection capillary zone electrophoresis. Talanta 2022; 237:122945. [PMID: 34736672 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purity of ionic liquids (IL) is important for its performance, so the methods able to quantify low concentration impurities are necessaries. Therefore, this paper aims to determine the purity and the anionic exchange efficiency for the preparation of amino acids ionic liquids (AAIL). For this, a Multiple-Injection Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (MICZE) method with direct UV detection was developed and optimized for iodide (I-) determination as impurity of AAIL synthesis, comparing this method with traditional injection modes. Furthermore, this paper aims to demonstrate the use of factorial design methods for the optimization of MICZE method. The method optimization allowed five consecutives I- injections of sample in a single run, with analysis time of less than 3 min, showing a larger analytical frequency, counting with 31 injections per hour. It was possible to determine the high purity of the prepared and analyzed AAIL, ranging from 89% to 95% and its overall ionic exchange yield varying from 55% to 87%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Patrícia do Nascimento
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Marques
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Mathias Prado Pereira
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Souza Martins
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Irene Bombonato
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Assessment of nitrate, nitrite, bromate and bromide levels in beer from different styles and origins. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Valese AC, Spudeit DA, Dolzan MD, Bretanha LC, Vitali L, Micke GA. High-Throughput Analysis of Lidocaine in Pharmaceutical Formulation by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Multiple Injections in a Single Run. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:4126810. [PMID: 27069712 PMCID: PMC4812394 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4126810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of a subminute separation method by capillary zone electrophoresis in an uncoated capillary using multiple injection procedure for the determination of lidocaine in samples of pharmaceutical formulations. The separation was performed in less than a minute leading to doing four injections in a single run. The cathodic electroosmotic flow contributed to reducing the analyses time. The background electrolyte was composed of 20 mmol L(-1) 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol and 40 mmol L(-1) 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid at pH 6.1. The internal standard used was benzylamine. Separations were performed in a fused uncoated silica capillary (32 cm total length, 23.5 cm effective length, and 50 μm internal diameter) with direct UV detection at 200 nm. Samples and standards were injected hydrodynamically using 40 mbar/3 s interspersed with spacer electrolyte using 40 mbar/7 s. The electrophoretic system was operated under constant voltage of 30 kV with positive polarity on the injection side. The evaluation of some analytical parameters of the method showed good linearity (r (2) > 0.999), a limit of detection 0.92 mg L(-1), intermediate precision better than 3.2% (peak area), and recovery in the range of 92-102%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa C. Valese
- Department of Food Science Technologies, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Spudeit
- Departamento de Química, CFM, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, CP 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maressa D. Dolzan
- Departamento de Química, CFM, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, CP 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Lizandra C. Bretanha
- Department of Food Science Technologies, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciano Vitali
- Departamento de Química, CFM, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, CP 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A. Micke
- Departamento de Química, CFM, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, CP 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Amini A. Analysis of Somatropin by Double-Injection Capillary-Zone Electrophoresis in Polybrene/Chondroitin Sulfate A Double-Coated Capillaries. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1466:93-105. [PMID: 27473484 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-4014-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Purity determination of somatropin as a recombinant protein is important to ensure its safety and quality. This is carried out by capillary zone electrophoresis in double-injection mode using polybrene/chondroitin sulfate A double-coated capillaries. Modification of the capillary wall eliminates protein-wall interactions which results in improved accuracy and precision of the determinations. In the double-injection mode two somatropin samples are analyzed within a single electrophoretic run. Prior to the second injection, the first injected plug is electrophoresed for a predetermined time period in order to adjust the inter-plug distance. Here, the principle for the separation of somatropin charge variants is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Amini
- Medical Products Agency (MPA), Box 26, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 42, Uppsala, 751 03, Sweden.
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, Uppsala, 751 23, Sweden.
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Amini A. Double-injection capillary electrophoresis for the identification of analytes. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2915-21. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Amini
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Biomedical Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Spudeit DA, Piovezan M, Dolzan MD, Vistuba JP, Azevedo MS, Vitali L, Leal Oliveira MA, Oliveira Costa AC, Micke GA. Simultaneous determination of free and total glycerol in biodiesel by capillary electrophoresis using multiple short-end injection. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:3333-40. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel Piovezan
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis SC Brazil
| | - Maressa D. Dolzan
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis SC Brazil
| | | | - Mônia Stremel Azevedo
- Department of Food Science Technologies; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis SC Brazil
| | - Luciano Vitali
- Department of Food Science Technologies; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis SC Brazil
| | | | | | - Gustavo Amadeu Micke
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis SC Brazil
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Amini A. Separation of somatropin charge variants by multiple-injection CZE with Polybrene/chondroitin sulfate A double-coated capillaries. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2686-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Amini
- Medical Products Agency, and Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre; Uppsala Sweden
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Vitali L, Horst BL, Heller M, Fávere VT, Micke GA. Using multiple short-end injections to develop fast electrophoretic separations—Applications in iodide analysis. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4586-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lodén H, Pettersson C, Arvidsson T, Amini A. Quantitative determination of salbutamol in tablets by multiple-injection capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1207:181-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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