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Shen X, Liang Z, Xu T, Yang Z, Wang Q, Chen D, Pham L, Du W, Sun L. Investigating native capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry on a high-end quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer for the characterization of monoclonal antibodies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 462:116541. [PMID: 33642939 PMCID: PMC7906288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2021.116541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Native capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CZE-MS) has attracted attentions for the characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) due to the potential of CZE for highly efficient separations of mAbs under native conditions as well as its compatibility with native electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS. However, the low sample loading capacity and limited separation resolution of native CZE for large proteins and protein complexes (e.g. mAbs) impede the widespread adoption of native CZE-MS. Here, we present a novel native capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF)-assisted CZE-MS method for the characterization of mAbs with much larger sample loading capacity and significantly better separation resolution than native CZE-MS alone. The native cIEF-assisted CZE-MS employed separation capillaries with a new carbohydrate-based neutral coating, a commercilized electrokinetically pumped sheathflow CE-MS interface, and a high-end quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer. Using the method, we documented the separations of different proteoforms of the SigmaMAb and the detection of its various glyco-proteoforms and homodimer. The native cIEF-assisted CZE-MS separated the NIST mAb into three peaks with a submicroliter sample loading volume, corresponding to its different proteoforms. We observed that both the NIST mAb and its homodimer had eight glyco-proteoforms, four of which had low abundance. The results demonstrate the potential of our native cIEF-assisted CZE-MS method for advancing the characterization of large proteins and protein complexes under native conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, USA 48824
| | - Zhijie Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA 48859
- Current address: Department of Wound Repair Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & The First People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China 530000
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, USA 48824
| | - Zhichang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, USA 48824
| | - Qianjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, USA 48824
| | - Daoyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, USA 48824
| | - Lucynda Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA 48859
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA 48859
- Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA 48859
- Corresponding authors. Wenjun Du: ; Phone: 1-989-774-7568, Liangliang Sun: ; Phone: 1-517-353-0498
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI, USA 48824
- Corresponding authors. Wenjun Du: ; Phone: 1-989-774-7568, Liangliang Sun: ; Phone: 1-517-353-0498
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de Kort BJ, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Native fluorescence detection of biomolecular and pharmaceutical compounds in capillary electrophoresis: Detector designs, performance and applications: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 766:13-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kašička V. Recent developments in CE and CEC of peptides (2009-2011). Electrophoresis 2011; 33:48-73. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shameli SM, Elbuken C, Ou J, Ren CL, Pawliszyn J. Fully integrated PDMS/SU-8/quartz microfluidic chip with a novel macroporous poly dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane for isoelectric focusing of proteins using whole-channel imaging detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:333-9. [PMID: 21298660 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A fully integrated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/modified PDMS membrane/SU-8/quartz hybrid chip was developed for protein separation using isoelectric focusing (IEF) mechanism coupled with whole-channel imaging detection (WCID) method. This microfluidic chip integrates three components into one single chip: (i) modified PDMS membranes for separating electrolytes in the reservoirs from the sample in the microchannel and thus reducing pressure disturbance, (ii) SU-8 optical slit to block UV light (below 300 nm) outside the channel aiming to increase detection sensitivity, and (iii) injection and discharge capillaries for continuous operation. Integration of all these components on a single chip is challenging because it requires fabrication techniques for perfect bonding between different materials and is prone to leakage and blockage. This study has addressed all the challenges and presented a fully integrated chip, which is more robust with higher sensitivity than the previously developed IEF chips. This chip was tested by performing protein and pI marker separation. The separation results obtained in this chip were compared with that obtained in commercial cartridges. Side-by-side comparison validated the developed chip and fabrication techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Shameli
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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