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Knorr N, Rosselli S, Nelles G. Electrostatic Surface Charging by Water Dewetting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14321-14333. [PMID: 38967322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Water dewetting generates static electricity. We reviewed historical experiments of this phenomenon, and we studied the charging of polymer slides and metal electrode supported polymer films withdrawn vertically from a pool of aqueous solutions. For pure water, charging was negative and surface charge densities increased with the speed of dewetting, which we explain by the thermally activated entrainment of nanometer-sized water droplets or clusters charged by unbalanced adsorbed electric double-layer ions. Surface charge densities increased for reduced polymer film thickness following a power law, which we explain by reduced discharge of the entrained water volumes. At low salinity c ≲ 10 μM, charging was proportional to electrokinetic interfacial charge densities: the negative charging was increased for alkaline solutions and for most salts at μM concentrations and the charge polarity was inversed to positive for a cationic surfactant, a salt with a highly positively charged cation, and for a strong acid at approximately pH 4. Charging was reduced again for c ≳ 100 μM, especially at high dewetting speeds and for chaotropic ions, which we explain by the entrainment of larger and more discharged droplets. We determined adsorption energies of the charged water clusters on the dewetted surface from thermally stimulated discharge of the charged polymer slides and we show that the surface charge distribution, imaged by charged toner powders and measured microscopically by Kelvin probe force microscopy, is a record of the dewetting process that provides spatial and kinetic information about the three-phase contact line motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Knorr
- Stuttgart Laboratory 2, Sony Europe B.V., Hedelfinger Strasse 61, Stuttgart D-70327, Germany
| | - Silvia Rosselli
- Stuttgart Laboratory 2, Sony Europe B.V., Hedelfinger Strasse 61, Stuttgart D-70327, Germany
| | - Gabriele Nelles
- Stuttgart Laboratory 2, Sony Europe B.V., Hedelfinger Strasse 61, Stuttgart D-70327, Germany
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2
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Xie Z. Heat transfer of power-law fluids with slip-dependent zeta potential. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Majhi S, Bhattacharyya S. Numerical study on diffusiophoresis of a hydrophobic nanoparticle in a monovalent or multivalent electrolyte. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Huang HF, Kuo JE, Huang KH. Passive solute separation in AC electroosmosis including surface charge-coupled hydrodynamic slip effects. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:571-580. [PMID: 34897730 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Separation of electrically neutral, mutually noninteracting passive solutes via AC electroosmotic slit channel flows is investigated for general asymmetric wall surface zeta potentials and apparent hydrodynamic slip lengths. We consider the nontrivial coupling between the surface potentials (or charge densities) and the apparent slip lengths, and focus our attention on the occurrence of a so called "crossover phenomenon" for separating out the slow diffusers when both slow and fast diffusers are present. Results show that regardless of the potential-slip coupling, wider bandwidths become available for crossover phenomenon to occur when the electroosmotic velocity gradient (magnitude) is greater. Contrarily, plug-like velocity profiles inhibit crossover phenomenon, and the potential-slip parametric combinations leading to such profiles can be easily identified by the conditions for minimal transport enhancement reported in recent literature. When separating out the slow diffuser or crossover phenomenon is desired, we recommend incorporating significant asymmetry in the surface potential and apparent slip boundary conditions such that the operating frequency and flow oscillation amplitude may be lowered to more practical values. Our results also agree with and strengthen the physical picture for explaining crossover phenomenon in macroscopic pressure-driven oscillatory flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Fu Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-En Kuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hao Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Kundu D, Bhattacharyya S, Gopmandal PP, Ohshima H. Settling of a charged hydrophobic rigid colloid in aqueous media under generalized gravitational field. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:1010-1020. [PMID: 33159354 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The hindrance created by the induced electric filed on the sedimentation of a charged colloid in an aqueous media is studied through numerical modeling. The colloid is considered to be hydrophobic, sedimenting under gravity or a centrifugal force (generalized gravity). The deformation of the charge cloud around the colloid induces an electric field, which generates electrical dipole force on the colloid. The sedimentation velocity is governed by the balance of an electric force, hydrodynamic drag, and gravitational force. Governing equations based on the first principle of electrokinetics is solved numerically through a control volume approach. The dependence of the sedimentation velocity on the electrical properties and slip length of the colloid is investigated. The sedimentation velocity of the charged colloid is slower than the corresponding uncharged particle and this deviation magnifies as the charge density as well as particle slip length is increased. An enhanced g-factor creates a size dependency of the charged colloids. The induced sedimentation field is obtained to analyze the electrokinetics. Surface hydrophobicity enhances the sedimentation velocity, which in turn manifests the induced sedimentation field. However, the sedimentation velocity of a charged hydrophobic colloid is lower than the corresponding uncharged hydrophobic particle and this deviation manifests as slip length is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Kundu
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Somnath Bhattacharyya
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, India
| | - Hiroyuki Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
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6
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Sosa MD, Martínez Ricci ML, Missoni LL, Murgida DH, Cánneva A, D'Accorso NB, Negri RM. Liquid-polymer triboelectricity: chemical mechanisms in the contact electrification process. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:7040-7051. [PMID: 32667028 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00738b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-polymer contact electrification between sliding water drops and the surface of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was studied as a function of the pH and ionic strength of the drop as well as ambient relative humidity (RH). The PTFE surface was characterized by using SEM, water-contact-angle measurements, FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. The charge acquired by the drops was calculated by detecting the transient voltage induced on a specifically designed capacitive sensor. It is shown that water drops become positively charged at pH > pHzch (pHzch being the zero charge point of the polymer) while they become negatively charged for pH < pHzch. The addition of non-hydrolysable salts (NaCl or CaCl2) to water decreases the electrical charge induced in the drop. The charge also decreases with increasing RH. These results suggest proton or hydroxyl transfer from the liquid to the hydrophobic polymer surface. A proposed thermodynamic model for the ion transfer process allows explaining the observed effects of RH, pH and ionic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana D Sosa
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Silkina EF, Asmolov ES, Vinogradova OI. Electro-osmotic flow in hydrophobic nanochannels. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23036-23043. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04259h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An analytical theory of electroosmosis in hydrophobic nanochannels of large surface potential/charge density incorporates a mobility of adsorbed charges and hydrodynamic slip, and is valid both for thin and strongly overlapping diffuse layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F. Silkina
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119071 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Evgeny S. Asmolov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119071 Moscow
- Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - Olga I. Vinogradova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119071 Moscow
- Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
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8
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Narla VK, Tripathi D, Anwar Bég O. Electro-Osmosis Modulated Viscoelastic Embryo Transport in Uterine Hydrodynamics: Mathematical Modeling. J Biomech Eng 2018; 141:2712945. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4041904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Embryological transport features a very interesting and complex application of peristaltic fluid dynamics. Electro-osmotic phenomena are also known to arise in embryo transfer location. The fluid dynamic environment in embryological systems is also known to be non-Newtonian and exhibits strong viscoelastic properties. Motivated by these applications, the present article develops a new mathematical model for simulating two-dimensional peristaltic transport of a viscoelastic fluid in a tapered channel under the influence of electro-osmosis induced by asymmetric zeta potentials at the channel walls. The robust Jeffrey viscoelastic model is utilized. The finite Debye layer electro-kinetic approximation is deployed. The moving boundary problem is transformed to a steady boundary problem in the wave frame. The current study carries significant physiological relevance to an ever-increasing desire to study intrauterine fluid flow motion in an artificial uterus. The consequences of this model may introduce a new mechanical factor for embryo transport to a successful implantation site. Hydrodynamic characteristics are shown to be markedly influenced by the electro-osmosis, the channel taper angle, and the phase shift between the channel walls. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that volumetric flow rates and axial flow are both enhanced when the electro-osmotic force aids the axial flow for specific values of zeta potential ratio. Strong trapping of the bolus (representative of the embryo) is identified in the vicinity of the channel central line when the electro-osmosis opposes axial flow. The magnitude of the trapped bolus is observed to be significantly reduced with increasing tapered channel length whereas embryo axial motility is assisted with aligned electro-osmotic force.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. K. Narla
- Department of Mathematics, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad 502329, India e-mail:
| | - Dharmendra Tripathi
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand 246174, India e-mail:
| | - O. Anwar Bég
- Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering, University of Salford, Manchester M54WT, UK e-mail:
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10
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Eberle A, Markert T, Trixler F. Revealing the Physicochemical Basis of Organic Solid–Solid Wetting Deposition: Casimir-like Forces, Hydrophobic Collapse, and the Role of the Zeta Potential. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1327-1336. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Eberle
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstraße 41, 80333 München, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Markert
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Trixler
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstraße 41, 80333 München, Germany
- TUM
School of Education, Technical University of Munich and Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 München, Germany
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11
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Radzevicius P, Steponaviciute M, Krivorotova T, Makuska R. Double thermoresponsive pentablock copolymers: synthesis by one-pot RAFT polymerization and self-assembly in aqueous solutions. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01546a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pentablock copolymers synthesized by one-pot successive RAFT polymerization are double thermoresponsive and exhibit block sequence dependent aggregation in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ricardas Makuska
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Vilnius University
- LT-03225 Vilnius
- Lithuania
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12
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Rojas G, Arcos J, Peralta M, Méndez F, Bautista O. Pulsatile electroosmotic flow in a microcapillary with the slip boundary condition. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Xie X, Chang F, Li X, Li M, Zhu Z. Investigation and application of photochemically induced direct UV detection of low or non-UV absorbing compounds by capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2016; 162:362-367. [PMID: 27837841 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Some low or non-UV absorbing compounds like amino acids might be accessible to direct UV detection by capillary electrophoresis (CE), due to the photochemical reaction in the detection window of the separation capillary under extremely strong alkaline conditions. However, with regards to the photochemical reaction procedure and the influencing factors in CE, no comprehensive studies have been done. Herein, two strategies were applied to investigate the photochemical reaction mechanism including the introduction of an additional UV lamp and the utilization of driving pressure. The former confirmed the occurrence of photolysis, while the latter solved the interference of electroosmotic flow (EOF). Furthermore, the online photochemical reaction and online preconcentration technique were combined to develop a rapid, simple and sensitive method for determination of seven essential amino acids (valine, leucine, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine and lysine). Eventually, the developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of real samples with good reproducibility and reliability. This novel and simple method, based on the photochemical reactions occurring in the detection window and coupling with online preconcentration techniques, shows a great potential for the rapid and sensitive detection of low or non-UV absorbing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Fengxia Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Meixian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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14
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Dev A, Horak J, Kaiser A, Yuan X, Perols A, Björk P, Karlström AE, Kleimann P, Jan Linnros. Electrokinetic effect for molecular recognition: A label-free approach for real-time biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 82:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Saucedo-Espinosa MA, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Refinement of current monitoring methodology for electroosmotic flow assessment under low ionic strength conditions. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:033104. [PMID: 27375813 PMCID: PMC4902815 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Current monitoring is a well-established technique for the characterization of electroosmotic (EO) flow in microfluidic devices. This method relies on monitoring the time response of the electric current when a test buffer solution is displaced by an auxiliary solution using EO flow. In this scheme, each solution has a different ionic concentration (and electric conductivity). The difference in the ionic concentration of the two solutions defines the dynamic time response of the electric current and, hence, the current signal to be measured: larger concentration differences result in larger measurable signals. A small concentration difference is needed, however, to avoid dispersion at the interface between the two solutions, which can result in undesired pressure-driven flow that conflicts with the EO flow. Additional challenges arise as the conductivity of the test solution decreases, leading to a reduced electric current signal that may be masked by noise during the measuring process, making for a difficult estimation of an accurate EO mobility. This contribution presents a new scheme for current monitoring that employs multiple channels arranged in parallel, producing an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of the electric current to be measured and increasing the estimation accuracy. The use of this parallel approach is particularly useful in the estimation of the EO mobility in systems where low conductivity mediums are required, such as insulator based dielectrophoresis devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Saucedo-Espinosa
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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16
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Watala C, Karolczak K, Kassassir H, Siewiera K, Maczynska K, Pieniazek A, Labieniec-Watala M. How do the full-generation poly(amido)amine (PAMAM) dendrimers activate blood platelets? Platelet membrane zeta potential and other membrane-associated phenomena. Int J Pharm 2016; 500:379-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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17
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Jing D, Bhushan B. Electroviscous effect on fluid drag in a microchannel with large zeta potential. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:2207-16. [PMID: 26734512 PMCID: PMC4685911 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The electroviscous effect has been widely studied to investigate the effect of surface charge-induced electric double layers (EDL) on the pressure-driven flow in a micro/nano channel. EDL has been reported to reduce the velocity of fluid flow and increase the fluid drag. Nevertheless, the study on the combined effect of EDL with large zeta potential up to several hundred millivolts and surface charge depenedent-slip on the micro/nano flow is still needed. In this paper, the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation for electrical potential and ion distribution in non-overlapping EDL is first analytically solved. Then, the modified Navier-Stokes equation for the flow considering the effect of surface charge on the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte and slip length is analytically solved. This analysis is used to study the effect of non-overlapping EDL with large zeta potential on the pressure-driven flow in a microchannel with no-slip and charge-dependent slip conditions. The results show that the EDL leads to an increase in the fluid drag, but that slip can reduce the fluid drag. When the zeta potential is large enough, the electroviscous effect disappears for flow in the microchannel under a no-slip condition. However, the retardation of EDL on the flow and the enhancement of slip on the flow counteract each other under a slip condition. The underlying mechanisms of the effect of EDL with large zeta potential on fluid drag are the high net ionic concentration near the channel wall and the fast decay of electrical potential in the EDL when the zeta potential is large enough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalei Jing
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLB2), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA
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19
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Molecular simulation of the hydrodynamics of water in contact with hydrophilized poly(vinylidene fluoride) surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 432:70-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Pan Y, Bhushan B, Zhao X. The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:1042-65. [PMID: 25161839 PMCID: PMC4143124 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The drag of fluid flow at the solid-liquid interface in the micro/nanoscale is an important issue in micro/nanofluidic systems. Drag depends on the surface wetting, nanobubbles, surface charge and boundary slip. Some researchers have focused on the relationship between these interface properties. In this review, the influence of an applied voltage on the surface wettability, nanobubbles, surface charge density and slip length are discussed. The contact angle (CA) and contact angle hysteresis (CAH) of a droplet of deionized (DI) water on a hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) surface were measured with applied direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) voltages. The nanobubbles in DI water and three kinds of saline solution on a PS surface were imaged when a voltage was applied. The influence of the surface charge density on the nanobubbles was analyzed. Then the slip length and the electrostatic force on the probe were measured on an octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) surface with applied voltage. The influence of the surface charge on the boundary slip and drag of fluid flow has been discussed. Finally, the influence of the applied voltage on the surface wetting, nanobubbles, surface charge, boundary slip and the drag of liquid flow are summarized. With a smaller surface charge density which could be achieved by applying a voltage on the surface, larger and fewer nanobubbles, a larger slip length and a smaller drag of liquid flow could be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Pan
- Mechanical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P.R. China
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLB2), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Mechanical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P.R. China
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLB2), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA
| | - Xuezeng Zhao
- Mechanical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P.R. China
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Ferrás L, Afonso A, Alves M, Nóbrega J, Pinho F. Analytical and numerical study of the electro-osmotic annular flow of viscoelastic fluids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 420:152-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Tanzi S, Matteucci M, Christiansen TL, Friis S, Christensen MT, Garnaes J, Wilson S, Kutchinsky J, Taboryski R. Ion channel recordings on an injection-molded polymer chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4784-4793. [PMID: 24154831 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50760b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate recordings of the ion channel activity across the cell membrane in a biological cell by employing the so-called patch clamping technique on an injection-molded polymer microfluidic device. The findings will allow direct recordings of ion channel activity to be made using the cheapest materials and production platform to date and with the potential for very high throughput. The employment of cornered apertures for cell capture allowed the fabrication of devices without through holes and via a scheme comprising master origination by dry etching in a silicon substrate, electroplating in nickel and injection molding of the final part. The most critical device parameters were identified as the length of the patching capillary and the very low surface roughness on the inside of the capillary. The cross-sectional shape of the orifice was found to be less critical, as both rectangular and semicircular profiles seemed to have almost the same ability to form tight seals with cells with negligible leak currents. The devices were functionally tested using human embryonic kidney cells expressing voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav1.7) and benchmarked against a commercial state-of-the-art system for automated ion channel recordings. These experiments considered current-voltage (IV) relationships for activation and inactivation of the Nav1.7 channels and their sensitivity to a local anesthetic, lidocaine. Both IVs and lidocaine dose-response curves obtained from the injection-molded polymer device were in good agreement with data obtained from the commercial system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Tanzi
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 345E, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Borysiak MD, Yuferova E, Posner JD. Simple, low-cost styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene microdevices for electrokinetic applications. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11700-4. [PMID: 24245911 DOI: 10.1021/ac4027675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS) copolymers combine thermoplastic and elastomeric properties to provide microdevices with the advantageous properties of hard thermoplastics and ease of fabrication similar to PDMS. This work describes the electrical surface properties of SEBS block copolymers using current monitoring experiments to determine zeta potential. We show that SEBS exhibits a stable and relatively high zeta potential magnitude compared to similar polymers. The zeta potential of SEBS is stable when stored in air over time, and no significant differences are observed between different batches and devices, demonstrating reproducibility of results. We show zeta potential trends for varying pH and counterion concentration and demonstrate that SEBS has a repeatable surface potential comparable to glass. Oxygen plasma treatment greatly increases the zeta potential magnitude immediately following treatment before undergoing a moderate hydrophobic recovery to a stable zeta potential. SEBS copolymers also offer simple rapid prototyping fabrication and mass production potential. The presented electrokinetic properties combined with simple, low-cost fabrication of microdevices make SEBS a quality material for electrokinetic research and application development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Borysiak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Chakraborty J, Chakraborty S. Influence of hydrophobic effects on streaming potential. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:043007. [PMID: 24229276 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.043007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the influence of hydrophobic effects on streaming potential mediated flow through a narrow confinement. In a clear departure from the approach used in prior works, we use a phase-field model to capture the hydrophobicity-induced depletion in the near wall region, and express the variation of viscosity and permittivity across the interfacial layer in terms of the phase-field variable. We then use these in the determination of the flow velocity, and highlight the sensitive interplay between the intrinsic length scale of the electrical double layer and that of the depletion in terms of the variations of an effective normalized viscosity that captures the electroviscous effect. We expect that this work will be an important step forward in the realistic continuum modeling of interfacial physics in the particular context of streaming potential mediated flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevanjyoti Chakraborty
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India
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Chakraborty S, Chatterjee D, Bakli C. Nonlinear amplification in electrokinetic pumping in nanochannels in the presence of hydrophobic interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:184503. [PMID: 23683203 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.184503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We discover a nonlinear coupling between the hydrophobicity of a charged substrate and electrokinetic pumping in narrow fluidic confinements. Our analyses demonstrate that the effective electrokinetic transport in nanochannels may get massively amplified over a regime of bare surface potentials and may subsequently get attenuated beyond a threshold surface charging condition because of a complex interplay between reduced hydrodynamic resistance on account of the spontaneous inception of a less dense interfacial phase and ionic transport within the electrical double layer. We also show that the essential physics delineated by our mesoscopic model, when expressed in terms of a simple mathematical formula, agrees remarkably with that portrayed by molecular dynamics simulations. The nontrivial characteristics of the initial increment followed by a decrement of the effective zeta potential with a bare surface potential may open up the realm of hitherto-unexplored operating regimes of electrohydrodynamically actuated nanofluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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Berli CLA. The apparent hydrodynamic slip of polymer solutions and its implications in electrokinetics. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:622-30. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Park HM. Electrophoresis of particles with Navier velocity slip. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:651-61. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Mok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Sogang University; Seoul; South Korea
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Cuomo F, Mosca M, Murgia S, Ceglie A, Lopez F. Oligonucleotides and polynucleotides condensation onto liposome surface: effects of the base and of the nucleotide length. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 104:239-44. [PMID: 23337119 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The association behavior of different nucleic acids with cationic liposomes has been monitored, in order to find out how the polymer length, the type of base and the charge density affect the lipoplex formation. In particular the associative features displayed by the homopolymer 20-mer of adenine, Oligo (dA), of timine, Oligo (dT), and of guanine, Oligo (dG), were compared to understand the role of the base. The effects of the nucleic acid length and of the charge density were evaluated taking account of the association of the polyadenylic acid and of the DNA onto the liposomes. The results show that the homopolymer Oligo (dG) is able to interact with the cationic liposomes to the same extent as DNA, in spite of the fact that Oligo (dG) is a short polymer made of 20 residues and DNA is a longer and dual strand polymer having a higher charge density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cuomo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti (DIAAA) and CSGI, Università degli studi del Molise, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy.
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Park HM. Determination of the Navier slip coefficient of microchannels exploiting the streaming potential. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:906-15. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Chakraborty J, Pati S, Som SK, Chakraborty S. Consistent description of electrohydrodynamics in narrow fluidic confinements in the presence of hydrophobic interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:046305. [PMID: 22680572 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.046305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamics in the presence of hydrophobic interactions in narrow confinements is traditionally represented from a continuum viewpoint by a Navier slip-based conceptual paradigm, in which the slip length carries the sole burden of incorporating the effects of substrate wettability on interfacial electromechanics, precluding any explicit dependence of the interfacial potential distribution on the substrate wettability. Here we show that this traditional way of treating electrokinetics-wettability coupling may lead to serious discrepancies in predicting the resultant transport characteristics as manifested through an effective zeta potential. We suggest that an alternative consistent description of the underlying physics through a free-energy-based formalism, in conjunction with considerations of hydrodynamic and electrical property variations consistent with the pertinent phase-field description, may represent the underlying consequences in a more rational manner, as compared to the traditional slip-based model coupled with a two-layer description. Our studies further reveal that the above discrepancies may not occur solely due to the slip-based route of representing the interfacial wettability, but may be additionally attributed to the act of "discretizing" the interfacial phase fraction distribution through an artificial two-layer route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevanjyoti Chakraborty
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India
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The model of hydrophobic attraction in the framework of classical DLVO forces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 168:149-66. [PMID: 21752345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present article focuses on the analysis of experimental data and interpreting of the influence of water depletion near hydrophobic particles and nanobubbles formed on their surface or in the space between them on van der Waals and electrostatic components of interparticle interaction. It is shown that the difference between simplified and more detailed models of DLVO forces explains the nature and main characteristics of hydrophobic attraction.
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Tandon V, Kirby BJ. Ambient pressure effects on the electrokinetic potential of Zeonor–water interfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 361:381-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cho D, Matlock-Colangelo L, Xiang C, Asiello PJ, Baeumner AJ, Frey MW. Electrospun nanofibers for microfluidic analytical systems. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Han L, Zhang A, Wang H, Pu P, Kang C, Chang J. Construction of novel brain-targeting gene delivery system by natural magnetic nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Hawkins BG, Kirby BJ. Electrothermal flow effects in insulating (electrodeless) dielectrophoresis systems. Electrophoresis 2011; 31:3622-33. [PMID: 21077234 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We simulate electrothermally induced flow in polymeric, insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) systems with DC-offset, AC electric fields at finite thermal Péclet number, and we identify key regimes where electrothermal (ET) effects enhance particle deflection and trapping. We study a single, two-dimensional constriction in channel depth with parametric variations in electric field, channel geometry, fluid conductivity, particle electrophoretic (EP) mobility, and channel electroosmotic (EO) mobility. We report the effects of increasing particle EP mobility, channel EO mobility, and AC and DC field magnitudes on the mean constriction temperature and particle behavior. Specifically, we quantify particle deflection and trapping, referring to the deviation of particles from their pathlines due to dielectrophoresis as they pass a constriction and the stagnation of particles due to negative dielectrophoresis near a constriction, respectively. This work includes the coupling between fluid, heat, and electromagnetic phenomena via temperature-dependent physical parameters. Results indicate that the temperature distribution depends strongly on the fluid conductivity and electric field magnitude, and particle deflection and trapping depend strongly on the channel geometry. Electrothermal (ET) effects perturb the EO flow field, creating vorticity near the channel constriction and enhancing the deflection and trapping effects. ET effects alter particle deflection and trapping responses in insulator-based dielectrophoresis devices, especially at intermediate device aspect ratios (2 ≤ r ≤ 7) in solutions of higher conductivity (σ m ≥ 1 × 10(-3)S/m). The impact of ET effects on particle deflection and trapping are diminished when particle EP mobility or channel EO mobility is high. In almost all cases, ET effects enhance negative dielectrophoretic particle deflection and trapping phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Hawkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, New York 14853, USA
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Tran NT, Ayed I, Pallandre A, Taverna M. Recent innovations in protein separation on microchips by electrophoretic methods: An update. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:147-73. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Towards an understanding of induced-charge electrokinetics at large applied voltages in concentrated solutions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 152:48-88. [PMID: 19879552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The venerable theory of electrokinetic phenomena rests on the hypothesis of a dilute solution of point-like ions in quasi-equilibrium with a weakly charged surface, whose potential relative to the bulk is of order the thermal voltage (kT/e approximately 25 mV at room temperature). In nonlinear electrokinetic phenomena, such as AC or induced-charge electro-osmosis (ACEO, ICEO) and induced-charge electrophoresis (ICEP), several V approximately 100 kT/e are applied to polarizable surfaces in microscopic geometries, and the resulting electric fields and induced surface charges are large enough to violate the assumptions of the classical theory. In this article, we review the experimental and theoretical literatures, highlight discrepancies between theory and experiment, introduce possible modifications of the theory, and analyze their consequences. We argue that, in response to a large applied voltage, the "compact layer" and "shear plane" effectively advance into the liquid, due to the crowding of counterions. Using simple continuum models, we predict two general trends at large voltages: (i) ionic crowding against a blocking surface expands the diffuse double layer and thus decreases its differential capacitance, and (ii) a charge-induced viscosity increase near the surface reduces the electro-osmotic mobility; each trend is enhanced by dielectric saturation. The first effect is able to predict high-frequency flow reversal in ACEO pumps, while the second may explain the decay of ICEO flow with increasing salt concentration. Through several colloidal examples, such as ICEP of an uncharged metal sphere in an asymmetric electrolyte, we show that nonlinear electrokinetic phenomena are generally ion-specific. Similar theoretical issues arise in nanofluidics (due to confinement) and ionic liquids (due to the lack of solvent), so the paper concludes with a general framework of modified electrokinetic equations for finite-sized ions.
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Church C, Zhu J, Wang G, Tzeng TRJ, Xuan X. Electrokinetic focusing and filtration of cells in a serpentine microchannel. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2009; 3:44109. [PMID: 20216971 PMCID: PMC2835289 DOI: 10.1063/1.3267098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Focusing cells into a single stream is usually a necessary step prior to counting and separating them in microfluidic devices such as flow cytometers and cell sorters. This work presents a sheathless electrokinetic focusing of yeast cells in a planar serpentine microchannel using dc-biased ac electric fields. The concurrent pumping and focusing of yeast cells arise from the dc electrokinetic transport and the turn-induced acdc dielectrophoretic motion, respectively. The effects of electric field (including ac to dc field ratio and ac field frequency) and concentration (including buffer concentration and cell concentration) on the cell focusing performance were studied experimentally and numerically. A continuous electrokinetic filtration of E. coli cells from yeast cells was also demonstrated via their differential electrokinetic focusing in a serpentine microchannel.
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Tandon V, Bhagavatula SK, Kirby BJ. Transient zeta-potential measurements in hydrophobic, TOPAS microfluidic substrates. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2656-67. [PMID: 19637218 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We utilize time-resolved electrokinetic measurements in order to study the electrokinetic properties of silica and TOPAS microfluidic channels as a function of the time history of the fluid-solid interface. In pressure-driven flow through TOPAS microchannels, the zeta-potential as inferred from streaming potential measurements decays exponentially by a factor of 1.5 with a characteristic decay time of 3 h after the initial formation of the fluid-solid interface. A similar exponential decay is observed immediately after water is exchanged for ethanol as the solvent in the system. In electroosmotically driven flow through TOPAS microchannels, the zeta-potential as inferred through current monitoring experiments was constant in time. No electrokinetic transients were observed in silica microchannels under these flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Tandon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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