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Cardoso BD, Castanheira EMS, Lanceros-Méndez S, Cardoso VF. Recent Advances on Cell Culture Platforms for In Vitro Drug Screening and Cell Therapies: From Conventional to Microfluidic Strategies. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202936. [PMID: 36898671 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The clinical translations of drugs and nanomedicines depend on coherent pharmaceutical research based on biologically accurate screening approaches. Since establishing the 2D in vitro cell culture method, the scientific community has improved cell-based drug screening assays and models. Those advances result in more informative biochemical assays and the development of 3D multicellular models to describe the biological complexity better and enhance the simulation of the in vivo microenvironment. Despite the overall dominance of conventional 2D and 3D cell macroscopic culture methods, they present physicochemical and operational challenges that impair the scale-up of drug screening by not allowing a high parallelization, multidrug combination, and high-throughput screening. Their combination and complementarity with microfluidic platforms enable the development of microfluidics-based cell culture platforms with unequivocal advantages in drug screening and cell therapies. Thus, this review presents an updated and consolidated view of cell culture miniaturization's physical, chemical, and operational considerations in the pharmaceutical research scenario. It clarifies advances in the field using gradient-based microfluidics, droplet-based microfluidics, printed-based microfluidics, digital-based microfluidics, SlipChip, and paper-based microfluidics. Finally, it presents a comparative analysis of the performance of cell-based methods in life research and development to achieve increased precision in the drug screening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz D Cardoso
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Elisabete M S Castanheira
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Vanessa F Cardoso
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Mauricio López-Téllez J, del Pilar Cañizares-Macías M. A paper-based analytical device with in-situ Carrez pretreatment for the determination of total polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Food Chem 2022; 405:134952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Dhanabalan SS, Arun T, Periyasamy G, N D, N C, Avaninathan SR, Carrasco MF. Surface engineering of high-temperature PDMS substrate for flexible optoelectronic applications. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Xu Y, Zeng S, Xian W, Lin L, Ding H, Liu J, Xiao M, Wang S, Li Y, Meng Y, Sun L. Transparency Change Mechanochromism Based on a Robust PDMS-Hydrogel Bilayer Structure. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000446. [PMID: 33108036 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are complementary to each other, since the hydrophobic PDMS provides a more stable and rigid substrate, while the water-rich hydrogel possesses remarkable hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and similarity to biological tissues. Herein a transparent and stretchable covalently bonded PDMS-hydrogel bilayer (PHB) structure is prepared via in situ free radical copolymerization of acrylamide and allylamine-exfoliated-ZrP (AA-e-ZrP) on a functionalized PDMS surface. The AA-e-ZrP serves as cross-linking nano-patches in the polymer gel network. The covalently bonded structure is constructed through the addition reaction of vinyl groups of PDMS surface and monomers, obtaining a strong interfacial adhesion between the PDMS and the hydrogel. A mechanical-responsive wrinkle surface, which exhibs transparency change mechanochromism, is created via introducing a cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol film atop the PHB structure. A finite element model is implemented to simulate the wrinkle formation process. The implication of the present finding for the interfacial design of the PHB and PDMS-hydrogel-PVA trilayer (PHPT) structures is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghang Xu
- School of Materials Science & Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.,Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.,The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Songshan Zeng
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Weikang Xian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Limiao Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,School of Environment & Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Min Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shuanjin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ying Li
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Yuezhong Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Luyi Sun
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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5
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Oyama TG, Oyama K, Taguchi M. A simple method for production of hydrophilic, rigid, and sterilized multi-layer 3D integrated polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic chips. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2354-2363. [PMID: 32495806 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00316f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has many desirable features for microfluidics applications, particularly in diagnostics and pharmaceuticals, but its hydrophobicity and the lack of a practical method for bonding PDMS layers limit its use. Moreover, the flexibility of PDMS causes unwanted deformation during use in some applications. Here, we report a simple method for solving these problems simultaneously using an electron beam (EB) or γ-rays, which are commonly used for sterilizing medical products. Simply by applying EB or γ-ray irradiation to stacked PDMS layers, we can not only bond the interfaces between the layers by forming Si-O-Si covalent bonds but also achieve long-lasting hydrophilization and sterilization of the internal microchannels and chambers, prevent nonspecific adsorption and absorption of hydrophobic small molecules, and enhance the mechanical strength of the material by converting bulk PDMS into a Si-Ox-rich (where x is 3 or 4) structure though crosslinking. Unlike the one-at-a-time plasma process, EBs and γ-rays can penetrate through many stacked layers of PDMS sealed in their final package, enabling batch modification and bonding. The method requires no chemical crosslinkers, adhesive agents, or fillers; hence, it does not undermine the advantages of PDMS such as ease of molding in soft lithography, biocompatibility, and optical transparency. Furthermore, bonding is achieved with high-throughput yield because it occurs after re-adjustable alignment. We demonstrate that this method is applicable in the mass production of 3D integrated PDMS microfluidic chips with some glass-like properties as well as for 3D structures with complex shapes that are difficult to fabricate with plastic or glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Gowa Oyama
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-1292, Japan.
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6
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Yu W, Wang T, Park AHA, Fang M. Toward Sustainable Energy and Materials: CO2 Capture Using Microencapsulated Sorbents. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research (CIPR), College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Ah-Hyung Alissa Park
- Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, the Earth Institute, Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York 10027, United States
| | - Mengxiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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7
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Chen P, Chen D, Li S, Ou X, Liu BF. Microfluidics towards single cell resolution protein analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Gökaltun A, Kang YBA, Yarmush ML, Usta OB, Asatekin A. Simple Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) via Surface Segregating Smart Polymers for Biomicrofluidics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7377. [PMID: 31089162 PMCID: PMC6517421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is likely the most popular material for microfluidic devices in lab-on-a-chip and other biomedical applications. However, the hydrophobicity of PDMS leads to non-specific adsorption of proteins and other molecules such as therapeutic drugs, limiting its broader use. Here, we introduce a simple method for preparing PDMS materials to improve hydrophilicity and decrease non-specific protein adsorption while retaining cellular biocompatibility, transparency, and good mechanical properties without the need for any post-cure surface treatment. This approach utilizes smart copolymers comprised of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and PDMS segments (PDMS-PEG) that, when blended with PDMS during device manufacture, spontaneously segregate to surfaces in contact with aqueous solutions and reduce the hydrophobicity without any added manufacturing steps. PDMS-PEG-modified PDMS samples showed contact angles as low as 23.6° ± 1° and retained this hydrophilicity for at least twenty months. Their improved wettability was confirmed using capillary flow experiments. Modified devices exhibited considerably reduced non-specific adsorption of albumin, lysozyme, and immunoglobulin G. The modified PDMS was biocompatible, displaying no adverse effects when used in a simple liver-on-a-chip model using primary rat hepatocytes. This PDMS modification method can be further applied in analytical separations, biosensing, cell studies, and drug-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Gökaltun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02474, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06532, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Young Bok Abraham Kang
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - O Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Ayse Asatekin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02474, USA.
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9
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Zhou D, Zhong Y, Yang J, Qi J, Zhuo Y, Sha Y. Preparation and application of PDMS/PES composite membrane in separating light hydrocarbon components from drilling mud. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Thompson S, Pappas D. A fluorescence toolbox: A review of investigation of electrophoretic separations, process, and interfaces. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:606-615. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas Tech University; Lubbock TX USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas Tech University; Lubbock TX USA
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11
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Gokaltun A, Yarmush ML, Asatekin A, Usta OB. Recent advances in nonbiofouling PDMS surface modification strategies applicable to microfluidic technology. TECHNOLOGY 2017; 5:1-12. [PMID: 28695160 PMCID: PMC5501164 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547817300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade microfabrication processes including rapid prototyping techniques have advanced rapidly and achieved a fairly mature stage. These advances have encouraged and enabled the use of microfluidic devices by a wider range of users with applications in biological separations and cell and organoid cultures. Accordingly, a significant current challenge in the field is controlling biomolecular interactions at interfaces and the development of novel biomaterials to satisfy the unique needs of the biomedical applications. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is one of the most widely used materials in the fabrication of microfluidic devices. The popularity of this material is the result of its low cost, simple fabrication allowing rapid prototyping, high optical transparency, and gas permeability. However, a major drawback of PDMS is its hydrophobicity and fast hydrophobic recovery after surface hydrophilization. This results in significant nonspecific adsorption of proteins as well as small hydrophobic molecules such as therapeutic drugs limiting the utility of PDMS in biomedical microfluidic circuitry. Accordingly, here, we focus on recent advances in surface molecular treatments to prevent fouling of PDMS surfaces towards improving its utility and expanding its use cases in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Gokaltun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02474, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06532, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ayse Asatekin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02474, USA
| | - O Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
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12
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Cong H, Xu X, Yu B, Liu H, Yuan H. Fabrication of anti-protein-fouling poly(ethylene glycol) microfluidic chip electrophoresis by sandwich photolithography. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:044106. [PMID: 27493702 PMCID: PMC4958108 DOI: 10.1063/1.4959239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic chip electrophoresis (MCE) is a powerful separation tool for biomacromolecule analysis. However, adsorption of biomacromolecules, particularly proteins onto microfluidic channels severely degrades the separation performance of MCE. In this paper, an anti-protein-fouling MCE was fabricated using a novel sandwich photolithography of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) prepolymers. Photopatterned microchannel with a minimum resolution of 10 μm was achieved. After equipped with a conventional online electrochemical detector, the device enabled baseline separation of bovine serum albumin, lysozyme (Lys), and cytochrome c (Cyt-c) in 53 s under a voltage of 200 V. Compared with a traditional polydimethylsiloxane MCE made by soft lithography, the PEG MCE made by the sandwich photolithography not only eliminated the need of a master mold and the additional modification process of the microchannel but also showed excellent anti-protein-fouling properties for protein separation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071, China
| | | | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071, China
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13
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Fatona A, Chen Y, Reid M, Brook MA, Moran-Mirabal JM. One-step in-mould modification of PDMS surfaces and its application in the fabrication of self-driven microfluidic channels. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4322-4330. [PMID: 26400365 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00741k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has become the material of choice for fabricating microfluidic channels for lab-on-a-chip applications. Key challenges that limit the use of PDMS in microfluidic applications are its hydrophobic nature, and the difficulty in obtaining stable surface modifications. Although a number of approaches exist to render PDMS hydrophilic, they suffer from reversion to hydrophobicity and, frequently, surface cracking or roughening. In this study, we describe a one-step in-mould method for the chemical modification of PDMS surfaces, and its use to assess the ability of different surfactants to render PDMS surfaces hydrophilic. Thin films of ionic and non-ionic surfactants were patterned into an array format, transferred onto silicone pre-polymer, and subsequently immobilized onto the PDMS surface during vulcanization. The hydrophilicity of the resulting surfaces was assessed by contact angle measurements. The wettability was observed to be dependent on the chemical structure of the surfactants, their concentration and interactions with PDMS. The morphology of modified PDMS surfaces and their change after wetting and drying cycles were visualized using atomic force microscopy. Our results show that while all surfactants tested can render PDMS surfaces hydrophilic through the in-mould modification, only those modified with PEG-PDMS-PEG copolymer surfactants were stable over wetting/dying cycles and heat treatments. Finally, the in-mould functionalization approach was used to fabricate self-driven microfluidic devices that exhibited steady flow rates, which could be tuned by the device geometry. It is anticipated that the in-mould method can be applied to a range of surface modifications for applications in analytical separations, biosensing, cell isolation and small molecule discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Fatona
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1 Canada.
| | - Yang Chen
- EnRoute Interfaces Inc., 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Michael Reid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Michael A Brook
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1 Canada.
| | - Jose M Moran-Mirabal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1 Canada.
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Zuchowska A, Kwiatkowski P, Jastrzebska E, Chudy M, Dybko A, Brzozka Z. Adhesion of MRC-5 and A549 cells on poly(dimethylsiloxane) surface modified by proteins. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:536-44. [PMID: 26311334 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PDMS is a very popular material used for fabrication of Lab-on-a-Chip systems for biological applications. Although PDMS has numerous advantages, it is a highly hydrophobic material, which inhibits adhesion and proliferation of the cells. PDMS surface modifications are used to enrich growth of the cells. However, due to the fact that each cell type has specific adhesion, it is necessary to optimize the parameters of these modifications. In this paper, we present an investigation of normal (MRC-5) and carcinoma (A549) human lung cell adhesion and proliferation on modified PDMS surfaces. We have chosen these cell types because often they are used as models for basic cancer research. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first presentation of this type of investigation. The combination of a gas-phase processing (oxygen plasma or ultraviolet irradiation) and wet chemical methods based on proteins' adsorption was used in our experiments. Different proteins such as poly-l-lysine, fibronectin, laminin, gelatin, and collagen were incubated with the activated PDMS samples. To compare with other works, here, we also examined how ratio of prepolymer to curing agent (5:1, 10:1, and 20:1) influences PDMS hydrophilicity during further modifications. The highest adhesion of the tested cells was observed for the usage of collagen, regardless of PDMS ratio. However, the MRC-5 cell line demonstrated better adhesion than A549 cells. This is probably due to the difference in their morphology and type (normal/cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zuchowska
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kwiatkowski
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Jastrzebska
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Chudy
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Dybko
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Brzozka
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Anti-fouling Coatings of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Devices for Biological and Biomedical Applications. J Med Biol Eng 2015; 35:143-155. [PMID: 25960703 PMCID: PMC4414934 DOI: 10.1007/s40846-015-0029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fouling initiated by nonspecific protein adsorption is a great challenge in biomedical applications, including biosensors, bioanalytical devices, and implants. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), a popular material with many attractive properties for device fabrication in the biomedical field, suffers serious fouling problems from protein adsorption due to its hydrophobic nature, which limits the practical use of PDMS-based devices. Effort has been made to develop biocompatible materials for anti-fouling coatings of PDMS. In this review, typical nonfouling materials for PDMS coatings are introduced and the associated basic anti-fouling mechanisms, including the steric repulsion mechanism and the hydration layer mechanism, are described. Understanding the relationships between the characteristics of coating materials and the accompanying anti-fouling mechanisms is critical for preparing PDMS coatings with desirable anti-fouling properties.
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16
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Martinelli E, Guazzelli E, Bartoli C, Gazzarri M, Chiellini F, Galli G, Callow ME, Callow JA, Finlay JA, Hill S. Amphiphilic pentablock copolymers and their blends with PDMS for antibiofouling coatings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; UdR Pisa INSTM, Università di Pisa; via G. Moruzzi 3 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Elisa Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; UdR Pisa INSTM, Università di Pisa; via G. Moruzzi 3 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Cristina Bartoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; UdR Pisa INSTM, Università di Pisa; via G. Moruzzi 3 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Matteo Gazzarri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; UdR Pisa INSTM, Università di Pisa; via G. Moruzzi 3 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Federica Chiellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; UdR Pisa INSTM, Università di Pisa; via G. Moruzzi 3 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Giancarlo Galli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; UdR Pisa INSTM, Università di Pisa; via G. Moruzzi 3 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Maureen E. Callow
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom
| | - James A. Callow
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom
| | - John A. Finlay
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Hill
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom
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17
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Yeh SB, Chen CS, Chen WY, Huang CJ. Modification of silicone elastomer with zwitterionic silane for durable antifouling properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:11386-11393. [PMID: 25185951 DOI: 10.1021/la502486e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling on medical devices generally causes adverse complications, such as thrombosis, infection, and pathogenic calcification. Silicone is a widely used material for medical applications. Its surface modification typically encounters undesirable "hydrophobic recovery", leading to deterioration of surface engineering. In this study, we developed a stable superhydrophilic zwitterionic interface on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer by covalent silanization of sulfobetaine silane (SBSi) to resist nonspecific adsorption of bacteria, proteins, and lipids. SBSi is a zwitterionic organosilane assembly, enabling resisting surface reconstruction by forming a cross-linked network and polar segregation. Surface elemental composition was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the long-term stability of modification was accessed using a contact angle goniometer. The biofouling tests were carried out by exposing substrates to bacterial, protein, and lipid solutions, revealing the excellent bioinertness of SBSi-tailored PDMS, even after 30 day storage in ambient. For the real-world application, we modified commercially available silicone hydrogel contact lenses with developed zwitterionic silane, presenting its antibacterial adhesion property. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of SBSi was accessed with NIH-3T3 fibroblast by the MTT assay, showing negligible cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 5 mM. Consequently, the strategy of surface engineering in this work can effectively retard the "hydrophobic recovery" occurrence and can be applied to other silicone-based medical devices in a facile way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiou-Bang Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, and §Chemical & Materials Engineering Department, National Central University , Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
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18
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Kovach KM, Capadona JR, Sen Gupta A, Potkay JA. The effects of PEG-based surface modification of PDMS microchannels on long-term hemocompatibility. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 102:4195-205. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. Kovach
- Advanced Platform Technology Center (APT Center); Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland Ohio 44106
| | - Jeffrey R. Capadona
- Advanced Platform Technology Center (APT Center); Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland Ohio 44106
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland Ohio 44106
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland Ohio 44106
| | - Joseph A. Potkay
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System; Ann Arbor Michigan 48105
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland Ohio 44106
- Department of Surgery; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109
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19
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Kusamori K, Nishikawa M, Mizuno N, Nishikawa T, Masuzawa A, Shimizu K, Konishi S, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Transplantation of insulin-secreting multicellular spheroids for the treatment of type 1 diabetes in mice. J Control Release 2014; 173:119-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Recent advances in microchip electrophoresis for amino acid analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7907-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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Yeh PY, Zhang Z, Lin M, Cao X. Nonfouling hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) engraftment strategy for PDMS/SU-8 heterogeneous microfluidic devices. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:16227-16236. [PMID: 23110374 DOI: 10.1021/la303196m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel nonfouling passivation method using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) engraftment on the surfaces of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic devices sealed with SU-8. To achieve bonding between the PDMS and SU-8 surfaces, the PDMS surface was first functionalized with amines by treatment with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) for subsequent reaction with epoxide functional groups on SU-8 surfaces. To modify the heterogeneous surfaces of the resulting PDMS/SU-8 microfluidic device further, the remaining SU-8 surfaces were amino functionalized using ethylene diamine (EDA), followed by treating both amino-functionalized PDMS and SU-8 surfaces with mPEG-NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide) through an amine-NHS reaction for facile PEG immobilizations, thus simultaneously modifying both PDMS and SU-8 surfaces in one reaction. Detailed surface analyses such as the water contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were conducted to confirm the chemical reactions and characterize the resulting surface properties. To test the efficacy of this surface-modification strategy, we conducted nonspecific protein and particle binding tests using microfluidic devices with and without modifications. The PEG-modified PDMS/SU-8 device surfaces showed a 64.5% reduction in nonspecific bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption in comparison to that of the unmodified surfaces and 92.0 and 95.8% reductions in microbead adhesion under both stagnant and flowing conditions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Ying Yeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Li P, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Zhang N, Zhang W, Ding X, Li R. Current development of microfluidic immunosensing approaches for mycotoxin detection via capillary electromigration and lateral flow technology. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2253-65. [PMID: 22887149 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination in the food chain has caused serious health issues in humans and animals. Thus, a rapid on-site and lab-independent detection method for mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins (AFTs), is desirable. Microfluidic chip based immunosensor technology is one of the most promising methods for fast mycotoxin assays. In this review, we cover the major microfluidic immunosensors used for mycotoxin analysis, via flow-through (capillary electromigration) and lateral flow technology. Sample preparation from different matrices of agricultural products and foodstuffs is summarized. The choice of materials, fabrication strategies, and detection methods for microfluidic immunosensors are further discussed in detail. The sensors application in mycotoxin determination is also outlined. Finally, future challenges and opportunities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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23
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Wu Z, Tong W, Jiang W, Liu X, Wang Y, Chen H. Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-modified poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers as anti-biofouling materials. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 96:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Keefe AJ, Brault ND, Jiang S. Suppressing surface reconstruction of superhydrophobic PDMS using a superhydrophilic zwitterionic polymer. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1683-7. [PMID: 22512660 DOI: 10.1021/bm300399s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) is extensively used for biomedical applications due to its low cost, ease of fabrication, high durability and flexibility, oxygen permeability, and self-healing properties. PDMS, however, has some significant drawbacks. PDMS endures unacceptably high levels of nonspecific protein fouling when used with biological samples due to its superhydrophobic characteristics. Unfortunately, conventional surface modification methods do not work for PDMS due to its low glass transition temperature. This phenomenon has been well-known for years as "hydrophobic regeneration". For the same reason, it is also very difficult to bring functionalities onto PDMS surfaces. Herein, we demonstrate how a superhydrophilic zwitterionic material, poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (pCBMA), can provide a highly stable coating with long-term stabilty due to the sharp contrast in hydrophobicity between pCBMA and PDMS. This material is able to suppress nonspecific protein adsorption in complex media and functionalize desired biomolecules needed in applications, such as diagnostics, without sacrificing its nonfouling characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Keefe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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25
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High PEGylation efficiency of pentaethylenehexamine-end poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG-N6) for active-ester surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 92:25-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Surface modification for PDMS-based microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2011; 33:89-104. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Tu Q, Nie N, Sha J, Liu W, Liu R, Zhang Y, Wang J. Surface modification of PDMS by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of water-soluble dendronized PEG methacrylate. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 88:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Vasdekis AE, Laporte GP. Enhancing single molecule imaging in optofluidics and microfluidics. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:5135-56. [PMID: 21954349 PMCID: PMC3179156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12085135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics and optofluidics have revolutionized high-throughput analysis and chemical synthesis over the past decade. Single molecule imaging has witnessed similar growth, due to its capacity to reveal heterogeneities at high spatial and temporal resolutions. However, both resolution types are dependent on the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the image. In this paper, we review how the SNR can be enhanced in optofluidics and microfluidics. Starting with optofluidics, we outline integrated photonic structures that increase the signal emitted by single chromophores and minimize the excitation volume. Turning then to microfluidics, we review the compatible functionalization strategies that reduce noise stemming from non-specific interactions and architectures that minimize bleaching and blinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas E. Vasdekis
- Optics Laboratory, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland; E-Mail:
| | - Gregoire P.J. Laporte
- Optics Laboratory, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland; E-Mail:
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29
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Huang B, Huang C, Liu P, Wang F, Na N, Ouyang J. Fast haptoglobin phenotyping based on microchip electrophoresis. Talanta 2011; 85:333-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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30
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Sundaram HS, Cho Y, Dimitriou MD, Weinman CJ, Finlay JA, Cone G, Callow ME, Callow JA, Kramer EJ, Ober CK. Fluorine-free mixed amphiphilic polymers based on PDMS and PEG side chains for fouling release applications. BIOFOULING 2011; 27:589-602. [PMID: 21985292 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.587662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-free mixed amphiphilic block copolymers with mixtures of short side groups of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were synthesized and studied for their ability to influence the surface properties and control the adhesion of marine organisms to coated surfaces. The settlement (attachment) and strength of adhesion of two different marine algae, the green seaweed Ulva and the diatom Navicula, were evaluated against the surfaces. It is known that hydrophobic coatings based on polydimethyl siloxane elastomers (PDMSe) are prone to protein adsorption and accumulation of strongly adherent diatom slimes, in contrast to PEG-based hydrophilic surfaces that inhibit protein adsorption and moderate only weak adhesion of diatoms. By incorporating both PDMS and PEG side chains into the polymers, the effect of incorporating both polar and non-polar groups on fouling-release could be studied. The dry surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). The ability of these mixed amphiphilic polymers to reconstruct in water was examined using underwater bubble contact angle and dynamic water contact angle experiments. To understand more about surface reconstruction behavior, protein adsorption experiments were carried out with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA-FITC) on both dry and pre-soaked surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harihara S Sundaram
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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31
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Zhang Z, Feng X, Xu F, Liu X, Liu BF. “Click” chemistry-based surface modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) for protein separation in a microfluidic chip. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3129-36. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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