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Zohouri D, Taverna M, Morani M, Obeid S, Mougin J, Krupova Z, Defrenaix P, Mai TD. Investigation of on-line electrokinetic enrichment strategies for capillary electrophoresis of extracellular vesicles. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465116. [PMID: 38936163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
This work explores strategies for electrokinetic preconcentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are potential source of biomarkers for different diseases. The first approach that led to successful preconcentration of EVs is based on large volume sample stacking (LVSS), allowing an enrichment factor of 7 for CE of EVs with long-end injection (using a capillary with an effective length of 50 cm). Attempts were also made to perform multiple cycles of LVSS, field amplified sample stacking (FASS) and field amplified sample injection (FASI), to improve EVs preconcentration performance. The focus was then put on development of capillary isotachophoresis under high ionic strengths (IS) for electrokinetic enrichment of slow migrating EVs having heterogeneous mobilities. This approach relies on the use of extremely high concentrations of the terminating electrolyte (TE) to slow down the mobility of TE co-ions, rendering them slower than those of EVs. The limit of detection for intact EVs using the developed ITP-UV method reached 8.3 × 108 EVs/mL, allowing an enrichment of 25 folds and a linear calibration up to 4 × 1010 EVs/mL. The ITP-UV and ITP-LIF approaches were applied to provide the electrokinetic signature of EVs of bovine milk and human plasma as well as to visualize more specifically intravesicular fluorescently labelled EVs. The investigation of these strategies shredded light into the challenges still encountered with electrokinetic preconcentration and separation of heterogeneous EVs sub-populations which are discussed herein based on our results and other attempts reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaram Zohouri
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Myriam Taverna
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Marco Morani
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Sameh Obeid
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Julie Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Zuzana Krupova
- Excilone - 6, Rue Blaise Pascal - Parc Euclide 78990, Elancourt, France
| | - Pierre Defrenaix
- Excilone - 6, Rue Blaise Pascal - Parc Euclide 78990, Elancourt, France
| | - Thanh Duc Mai
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay 91400, Orsay, France.
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Determination of physicochemical parameters of (bio)molecules and (bio)particles by capillary electromigration methods. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400174. [PMID: 38867483 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The review provides an overview of recent developments and applications of capillary electromigration (CE) methods for the determination of important physicochemical parameters of various (bio)molecules and (bio)particles. These parameters include actual and limiting (absolute) ionic mobilities, effective electrophoretic mobilities, effective charges, isoelectric points, electrokinetic potentials, hydrodynamic radii, diffusion coefficients, relative molecular masses, acidity (ionization) constants, binding constants and stoichiometry of (bio)molecular complexes, changes of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy and rate constants of chemical reactions and interactions, retention factors and partition and distribution coefficients. For the determination of these parameters, the following CE methods are employed: zone electrophoresis in a free solution or in sieving media, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography. In the individual sections, the procedures for the determination of the above parameters by the particular CE methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sille Štěpánová
- Electromigration methods, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Electromigration methods, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Qiao L, Slater GW. Capture of rod-like molecules by a nanopore: Defining an "orientational capture radius". J Chem Phys 2020; 152:144902. [PMID: 32295359 DOI: 10.1063/5.0002044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the translational diffusion coefficient D and the electrophoretic mobility μ of a short rod-like molecule (such as dsDNA) that is being pulled toward a nanopore by an electric field should depend on its orientation. Since a charged rod-like molecule tends to orient in the presence of an inhomogeneous electric field, D and μ will change as the molecule approaches the nanopore, and this will impact the capture process. We present a simplified study of this problem using theoretical arguments and Langevin dynamics simulations. In particular, we introduce a new orientational capture radius, which we compare to the capture radius for the equivalent point-like particle, and we discuss the different physical regimes of orientation during capture and the impact of initial orientations on the capture time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Qiao
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Gary W Slater
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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4
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Bernard O, Aupiais J. Conductivity of weak electrolytes for buffer solutions: Modeling within the mean spherical approximation. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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5
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Sursyakova VV, Rubaylo AI. Stability constants of adducts of succinate copper(II) complexes with β-cyclodextrin determined by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1079-1085. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria V. Sursyakova
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”; Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Rubaylo
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”; Krasnoyarsk Russia
- Siberian Federal University; Krasnoyarsk Russia
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”; Krasnoyarsk Russia
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6
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Cottet H, Wu H, Allison SA. On the ionic strength dependence of the electrophoretic mobility: From 2D to 3D slope-plots. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:624-632. [PMID: 27859393 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Determining the charge and the nature (small ion, nanoparticle, or polyelectrolyte) of an unknown solute from its electrophoretic characteristics remains a challenging issue. In this work, we demonstrate that, if the knowledge of the effective electrophoretic mobility (μep ) at a given ionic strength is not sufficient to characterize a given solute, the combination of this parameter with (i) the relative decrease of the electrophoretic mobility with the ionic strength (S), and (ii) the hydrodynamic radius (Rh ), is sufficient (in most cases) to deduce the nature of the solute and its charge. These three parameters are experimentally accessible by CZE and Taylor dispersion analysis performed on the same instrumentation. 3D representation of the three aforementioned parameters (μep ; S and Rh ) is proposed to visualize the differences in the electrophoretic behavior between solutes according to their charge and nature. Surprisingly, such 3D slope plot in the case of small ions and nanoparticles looks like a "whale-tail," while polyelectrolyte contour plot represents a rather simple and monotonous map that is independent of solute size. This work also sets how to estimate the effective charge of a solute from a given experimental (S,Rh,μ ep 5 mM ) triplet, which is not possible to obtain unambiguously with only (Rh,μ ep 5 mM ) or (S,μ ep 5 mM ) doublet, where μ ep 5 mM is the effective electrophoretic mobility at 5 mM ionic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Cottet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, (UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Hengfu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stuart A Allison
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Influence of Analyte Concentration on Stability Constant Values Determined by Capillary Electrophoresis. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1253-62. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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8
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Influence of the ionic strength of acidic background electrolytes on the separation of proteins by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1432:145-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Chen M, Riddles CJ, Van De Mark MR. Electroviscous contribution to the rheology of colloidal unimolecular polymer (CUP) particles in water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:14034-14043. [PMID: 24200369 DOI: 10.1021/la4026552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The rheological characteristics of anionic colloidal unimolecular polymer (CUP) particles in water were investigated. The intrinsic viscosities were determined for CUPs with different molecular weights as a function of volume fraction. The specific viscosities were measured and fit with models considering hydrodynamic interaction and electroviscous effects. The rheological characteristics were consistent with a surface layer of water which increases with the particle size or molecular weight of CUPs. The effective charges on the surface of particle were calculated and correlated with the rheological behavior of the CUP particles from the dilute to semidilute range, a volume fraction of 0.0001-0.08.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghang Chen
- Coatings Institute of Missouri University of Science and Technology, 651 West 13th Street, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
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10
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Size and charge characterization of polymeric drug delivery systems by Taylor dispersion analysis and capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:5369-79. [PMID: 23624952 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, Taylor dispersion analysis and capillary electrophoresis were used to characterize the size and charge of polymeric drug delivery nanogels based on polyglutamate chains grafted with hydrophobic groups of vitamin E. The hydrophobic vitamin E groups self-associate in water to form small hydrophobic nanodomains that can incorporate small drugs or therapeutic proteins. Taylor dispersion analysis is well suited to determine the weight average hydrodynamic radius of nanomaterials and to get information on the size polydispersity of polymeric samples. The effective charge was determined either from electrophoretic mobility and hydrodynamic radius using electrophoretic modeling (three different approaches were compared), or by indirect UV detection in capillary electrophoresis. The influence of vitamin E hydrophobicity on the polymer effective charge has been studied. The presence of vitamin E leads to a drastic decrease in polymer effective charge in comparison to non-modified polyglutamate. Finally, the electrophoretic behavior of polyglutamate backbone grafted with hydrophobic vitamin E (pGVE) nanogels according to the ionic strength was investigated using the recently proposed slope plot approach. It was deduced that the pGVE nanogels behave electrophoretically as polyelectrolytes which is in good agreement with the high water content of the nanogels.
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Ibrahim A, Allison SA, Cottet H. Extracting Information from the Ionic Strength Dependence of Electrophoretic Mobility by Use of the Slope Plot. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9422-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302033z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ibrahim
- Institut des Biomolécules
Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier 1 and 2, place Eugène Bataillon CC 1706, 34095
Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Stuart A. Allison
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098,
United States
| | - Hervé Cottet
- Institut des Biomolécules
Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier 1 and 2, place Eugène Bataillon CC 1706, 34095
Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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12
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Ibrahim A, Ohshima H, Allison SA, Cottet H. Determination of effective charge of small ions, polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1247:154-64. [PMID: 22683187 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a systematic and comparative study related to the effective charge determination of three kinds of solutes (small ions, polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles) was performed. Four approaches were compared regarding their conditions of validity and their advantages/disadvantages. Three of them allow the effective charge determination from the electrophoretic mobility and the hydrodynamic radius of the solutes using electrophoretic mobility modelings based on Nernst-Einstein (NE), O'Brien-White-Ohshima (OWO) and Yoon and Kim (YK) equations. Electrophoretic mobility and hydrodynamic radius were determined by capillary electrophoresis and Taylor dispersion analysis, respectively, using the same instrumentation in similar conditions, on a large set of samples. A fourth experimental approach based on the sensitivity of detection in indirect UV detection mode (IUV) was compared to the previously mentioned methods. OWO and YK modelings are well adapted for the effective charge determination of small ions and nanoparticles, while IUV is the only method adapted for polyelectrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ibrahim
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier 1-2, Place Eugène Bataillon CC 1706, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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13
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Wernersson E, Heyda J, Kubíčková A, Křížek T, Coufal P, Jungwirth P. Counterion condensation in short cationic peptides: Limiting mobilities beyond the Onsager-Fuoss theory. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:981-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Heyda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Center for Biomolecules and Complex Molecular Systems; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kubíčková
- Charles University in Prague; Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Křížek
- Charles University in Prague; Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Coufal
- Charles University in Prague; Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jungwirth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Center for Biomolecules and Complex Molecular Systems; Prague; Czech Republic
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Abstract
CE is used to measure the electrophoretic mobility of low molecular mass oligo-L-lysines (n=1-8) in aqueous LiH₂PO₄ buffer, BGE, at pH 2.5 over a range of temperatures (25-50 °C) and ionic strengths (10-100 mM). Mobilities are corrected for Joule heating and under the conditions of the experiment, interaction of the peptides with the capillary walls can be ignored. A "coarse grained" bead modeling methodology (BMM) (H. Pei et al., J. Chromatogr. A 2009, 1216, 1908-1916) is used to model the mobilities. This model partially accounts for peptide conformation as well as the assumed form of its secondary structure. For highly charged oligolysines, it is necessary to properly account for the relaxation effect. In the present study, the BMM approach tends to overestimate oligolysine mobility and that effect tends to increase with increasing ionic strength and peptide length. It is proposed that association between the oligolysines and buffer components (H₂PO₄⁻ in this case) that go beyond classical electrostatic interactions are responsible for this discrepancy. A simple binding model is introduced that illustrates how this association can reconcile model and experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Allison
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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15
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Ehala S, Grishina AA, Sheshenev AE, Lyapkalo IM, Kašička V. Determination of acid–base dissociation constants of very weak zwitterionic heterocyclic bases by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:8048-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Wakayama M, Aoki N, Sasaki H, Ohsugi R. Simultaneous Analysis of Amino Acids and Carboxylic Acids by Capillary Electrophoresis−Mass Spectrometry Using an Acidic Electrolyte and Uncoated Fused-Silica Capillary. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9967-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1019039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Wakayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Aoki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruto Sasaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Ohsugi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Allison SA, Pei H, Allen M, Brown J, Kim CI, Zhen Y. Modeling the electrophoresis and transport of peptides: The effective sphere model and complex formation. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2439-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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