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Gao W, Qin Y, Zang Y, Zhu J, Chen W, Tong S, Zeng Y, Chu C. Miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion and solid-phase clear-up combined with capillary electrophoresis for efficient determination of trace bioactive components in complicated sample matrix: Take Wubi Shanyao Pill as an example. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300164. [PMID: 37387568 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Accurate quantitative analysis of trace analytes in a complicated matrix is a challenge in modern analytical chemistry. An appropriate analytical method is considered to be one of the most common gaps during the whole process. In this study, a green and efficient strategy based on miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion and solid-phase extraction combined with capillary electrophoresis was first proposed for extracting, purifying and determining target analytes from complicated matrix, using Wubi Shanyao Pill as an example. In detail, 60 mg of samples were dispersed on MCM-48 to obtain high yields of analytes, then the extract was purified with a solid-phase extraction cartridge. Finally, four analytes in the purified sample solution were determined by capillary electrophoresis. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of matrix solid-phase dispersion, purification efficiency of solid-phase extraction and separation effect of capillary electrophoresis were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, all analytes demonstrated satisfactory linearity (R2 >0.9983). What's more, the superior green potential of the developed method for the determination of complex samples was confirmed by the Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach. The established method was successfully applied in the accurate determination of target analytes in Wubi Shanyao Pill and thus provided reliable, sensitive, and efficient strategy support for its quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Zang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modern Research, Hangzhou Huqingyutang Pharmaceutical Ltd., Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modern Research, Hangzhou Huqingyutang Pharmaceutical Ltd., Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuqun Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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2
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Online preconcentration methodology that realizes over 2000-fold enhancement by integrating the free liquid membrane into electrokinetic supercharging in capillary electrophoresis for the determination of trace anionic analytes in complex samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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An efficient matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction combined with online preconcentration by electrokinetic supercharging in capillary electrophoresis for the sensitive determination of two alkaloids in complicated samples matrix. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Pérez-Alcaraz A, Borrull F, Aguilar C, Calull M. An electrokinetic supercharging approach for the enantiodetermination of cathinones in urine samples by capillary electrophoresis. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Chu C, Lian L, Liu C, Li J, Mao H, Jiang L, Yan J. Online preconcentration by electrokinetic supercharging for sensitive determination of berberine and jatrorrhizine in biological samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4824. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Linmin Lian
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Caijing Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Hui Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Luyi Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P.R. China
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6
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Lu Y, Hou X, Wang D, Zhong H. Advances of a capillary electrophoretic on-line concentration technique: Electrokinetic supercharging. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1330756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Lu
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Dezhou University, Dezhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - X. Hou
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Dezhou University, Dezhou, P. R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Dezhou People’s Hospital, Dezhou, P. R. China
| | - D. Wang
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Dezhou University, Dezhou, P. R. China
| | - H. Zhong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, P. R. China
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Orlandini S, Pasquini B, Caprini C, Del Bubba M, Squarcialupi L, Colotta V, Furlanetto S. A comprehensive strategy in the development of a cyclodextrin-modified microemulsion electrokinetic chromatographic method for the assay of diclofenac and its impurities: Mixture-process variable experiments and quality by design. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1466:189-98. [PMID: 27623066 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive strategy involving the use of mixture-process variable (MPV) approach and Quality by Design principles has been applied in the development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac and its five related substances. The selected operative mode consisted in microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with the addition of methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The critical process parameters included both the mixture components (MCs) of the microemulsion and the process variables (PVs). The MPV approach allowed the simultaneous investigation of the effects of MCs and PVs on the critical resolution between diclofenac and its 2-deschloro-2-bromo analogue and on analysis time. MPV experiments were used both in the screening phase and in the Response Surface Methodology, making it possible to draw MCs and PVs contour plots and to find important interactions between MCs and PVs. Robustness testing was carried out by MPV experiments and validation was performed following International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. The method was applied to a real sample of diclofenac gastro-resistant tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - B Pasquini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - C Caprini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - M Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - L Squarcialupi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - V Colotta
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - S Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Abdul Karim N’I, Wan Ibrahim WA, Sanagi MM, Abdul Keyon AS. Online preconcentration by electrokinetic supercharging for separation of endocrine disrupting chemical and phenolic pollutants in water samples. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2649-2656. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul ’I. Abdul Karim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Wan A. Wan Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Mohd M. Sanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Aemi S. Abdul Keyon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru Malaysia
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Thang LY, Breadmore MC, See HH. Electrokinetic supercharging in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis for online preconcentration and determination of tamoxifen and its metabolites in human plasma. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1461:185-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Wang WF, Ju FR, Ran YL, Zhang HG, Chen XG. Detection of biogenic amines in C57BL/6 mice brain by capillary electrophoresis electrokinetic supercharging. Analyst 2016; 141:956-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01642h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile, sensitive EKS/MEKD-PDAD method was developed for the detection of neurotransmitters in C57BL/6 mice brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Fu-rong Ju
- School of Life Science
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Yan-li Ran
- School of Life Science
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Hui-ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Xing-guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
- Department of Chemistry
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11
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Application of capillary electrophoresis with electrokinetic supercharging and sweeping for the on-line preconcentration of phenolic acids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7093-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Analysis of Melamine in Milk Powder and Liquid Milk by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis After Electrokinetic Supercharging. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Zhang Z, Zhang F, Liu Y. Recent Advances in Enhancing the Sensitivity and Resolution of Capillary Electrophoresis. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 51:666-83. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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14
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Separation of ketoprofen enantiomers at nanomolar concentration levels by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with on-line electrokinetic preconcentration. OPEN CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAbstract Separation of enantiomers represents an extremely important task in the field of analytical chemistry. This paper contributes to the field of the on-line preconcentration of enantiomers by developing a novel setup based on the electrokinetic accumulation of ketoprofen enantiomers on the pH boundary followed by enantioselective mobilization by a mixture of SDS, sulfated-β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD), and trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (TM-β-CD). Under the best conditions, where the injection electrolyte was composed of 50 mmol L−1 borate/NaOH pH 9.5 with 60% (v/v) methanol, the background electrolyte contained 50 mmol L−1 phosphate/NaOH pH 2.5, and the mobilization electrolyte consisted of 50 mmol L−1 phosphate/NaOH pH 2.5 with 4.0% (w/v) S-β-CD, 0.5% (w/v) TM-β-CD, and 20 mmol L−1 SDS, the determination of nanomolar concentration levels of ketoprofen enantiomers was successful by using micellar electrokinetic chromatography with a common UV detection. LODs were 2.5 nmol L−1 and 3.4 nmol L−1, which represent enhancement factors of 9921 and 8529, respectively. The method was also applied to the determination of ketoprofen enantiomers in waste water samples by using simple filtration as a clean-up step. Here, the recovery of ketoprofen enantiomers was 91% at the concentration level of 5×10−9 mol L−1. Graphical abstract
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Botello I, Borrull F, Calull M, Aguilar C. Electrokinetic supercharging in CE for the separation and preconcentration of barbiturate drugs in urine samples. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:524-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Botello
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Faculty of Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Faculty of Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Marta Calull
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Faculty of Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Carme Aguilar
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Faculty of Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
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16
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Kubalczyk P, Bald E. Methods of Analyte Concentration in a Capillary. SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-35043-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Malá Z, Gebauer P, Boček P. Recent progress in analytical capillary isotachophoresis. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:19-28. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Malá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gebauer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Petr Boček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno; Czech Republic
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Rabanes HR, Aranas AT, Benbow NL, Quirino JP. Synergistic effect of field enhanced sample injection on micelle to solvent stacking in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:74-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Maijó I, Borrull F, Aguilar C, Calull M. DETERMINATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN RIVER WATER BY SWEEPING-MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CAPILLARY CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.629386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maijó
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry , Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona , Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry , Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona , Spain
| | - Carme Aguilar
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry , Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona , Spain
| | - Marta Calull
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry , Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona , Spain
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Review of recent developments of on-line sample stacking techniques and their application in capillary electrophoresis. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCapillary electrophoresis (CE) has become one of the most useful tools in separation science because of its high separation efficiency, low cost, versatility, ease of sample preparation and automation. However, some limitations of CE, such as poor concentration sensitivity due to its lower sample loading and shorter optical path length, limits its further applications in separation science. In order to solve this problem, various on-line sample preconcentration techniques such as transient isotachophoresis preconcentration, field-enhanced sample stacking, micelle to solvent stacking, micelle collapse, dynamic pH junction, sweeping, solid phase extraction, single drop microextraction and liquid phase microextraction have been combined with CE. Recent developments, applications and some variants together with different combinations of these techniques integrating in CE are reviewed here and our discussions will be confined to the past three years (2008–2011).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Geiger
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemistry, 207
Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Amy L. Hogerton
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemistry, 207
Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael T. Bowser
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemistry, 207
Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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22
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Pressure-assisted electrokinetic supercharging for the enhancement of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6750-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Dawod M, Chung DS. High-sensitivity capillary and microchip electrophoresis using electrokinetic supercharging. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2790-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Maijó I, Borrull F, Calull M, Aguilar C. An in-line SPE strategy to enhance sensitivity in CE for the determination of pharmaceutical compounds in river water samples. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2114-22. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Kaewchuay N, Yakushiji Y, Fukushi K, Saito K, Hirokawa T. A novel hybrid mode of sample injection to enhance CZE sensitivity for simultaneous determination of a pyridine-triphenylborane anti-fouling agent and its degradation products. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1486-91. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Botello I, Borrull F, Calull M, Aguilar C. Simultaneous determination of weakly ionizable analytes in urine and plasma samples by transient pseudo-isotachophoresis in capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:527-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Zhong H, Yao Q, Breadmore MC, Li Y, Lu Y. Analysis of flavonoids by capillary zone electrophoresis with electrokinetic supercharging. Analyst 2011; 136:4486-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15277g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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