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Kovář P, Tichý D, Slouka Z. Effect of channel geometry on ion-concentration polarization-based preconcentration and desalination. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:064102. [PMID: 31700561 PMCID: PMC6824913 DOI: 10.1063/1.5124787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polarization of the ion-selective systems results in the formation of ion-depleted and ion-concentrated zones in the electrolyte layers adjacent to the system. One can employ ion-concentration polarization for the removal of charged large molecules and small ions from the flowing liquid. Removal of large molecules from the flowing solution and their local accumulation is often referred to as preconcentration, removal of small ions as desalination. Here, we study the effect of the channel geometry on the removal of charged species from their water solutions experimentally. Straight, converging, and diverging channels equipped with a pair of heterogeneous cation-exchange membranes are compared in terms of their effect on preconcentration of an observable fluorescein dye and on desalination of water solution of potassium chloride. Our results show that preconcentration of the dye is not significantly affected by the channel geometry. The distance of the preconcentration band from one of the membranes was approximately the same in all tested channel geometries. The major difference was in the location of the band within the channel, when the conical channels localized the band at one of the channel walls. The straight channel showed a slightly broader range of applicable flow rates. The semibatch desalination of 0.01M KCl solution turned out to be more efficient in conical channels, which was associated with a larger volume of the channel available for the accumulation of the concentrated solution. Our results suggest that conical channels can be advantageously used in transforming the ion-concentration-polarization-based semibatch desalination into a fully continuous one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kovář
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
| | - David Tichý
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
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2
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Friedrich SM, Burke JM, Liu KJ, Ivory CF, Wang TH. Molecular rheotaxis directs DNA migration and concentration against a pressure-driven flow. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1213. [PMID: 29089494 PMCID: PMC5663963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In-line preconcentration techniques are used to improve the sensitivity of microfluidic DNA analysis platforms. The most common methods are electrokinetic and require an externally applied electric field. Here we describe a microfluidic DNA preconcentration technique that does not require an external field. Instead, pressure-driven flow from a fluid-filled microcapillary into a lower ionic strength DNA sample reservoir induces spontaneous DNA migration against the direction of flow. This migratory phenomenon that we call Molecular Rheotaxis initiates in seconds and results in a concentrated DNA bolus at the capillary orifice. We demonstrate the ease with which this concentration method can be integrated into a microfluidic total analysis system composed of in-line DNA preconcentration, size separation, and single-molecule detection. Paired experimental and numerical simulation results are used to delineate the parameters required to induce Molecular Rheotaxis, elucidate the underlying mechanism, and optimize conditions to achieve DNA concentration factors exceeding 10,000 fold. Implementing a nucleic acid preconcentration method can improve the sensitivity of microfluidic analysis systems. Here Friedrich et al. concentrate DNA by many orders of magnitude using pressure-driven flow, which could lead to a simple and practical microanalysis platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Friedrich
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | | | | | - Cornelius F Ivory
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA. .,Mechanical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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Fu LM, Hou HH, Chiu PH, Yang RJ. Sample preconcentration from dilute solutions on micro/nanofluidic platforms: A review. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:289-310. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Ming Fu
- Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsiung Hou
- Department of Engineering Science; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsien Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Jen Yang
- Department of Engineering Science; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
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Kitagawa F, Kinami S, Takegawa Y, Nukatsuka I, Sueyoshi K, Kawai T, Otsuka K. On-line coupling of sample preconcentration by LVSEP with gel electrophoretic separation on T-channel chips. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:380-386. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kitagawa
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Hirosaki University; Hirosaki Japan
| | - Saeko Kinami
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuuki Takegawa
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Hirosaki University; Hirosaki Japan
| | - Isoshi Nukatsuka
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Hirosaki University; Hirosaki Japan
| | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Engineering; Sakai Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawai
- Laboratory for Integrated Biodevice Unit; Quantitative Biology Center; RIKEN, Suita Japan
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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Li S, Ye Z, Hui YS, Gao Y, Jiang Y, Wen W. On-chip DNA preconcentration in different media conductivities by electrodeless dielectrophoresis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:054115. [PMID: 26487901 PMCID: PMC4592423 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrodeless dielectrophoresis is the best choice to achieve preconcentration of nanoparticles and biomolecules due to its simple, robust, and easy implementation. We designed a simple chip with microchannels and nano-slits in between and then studied the trapping of DNA in high conductive medium and low conductive medium, corresponding to positive and negative dielectrophoresis (DEP), respectively. It is very important to investigate the trapping in media with different conductivities since one always has to deal with the sample solutions with different conductivities. The trapping process was analyzed by the fluorescent intensity changes. The results showed that DNA could be trapped at the nano-slit in both high and low conductive media in a lower electric field strength (10 V/cm) compared to the existing methods. This is a significant improvement to suppress the Joule heating effect in DEP related experiments. Our work may give insight to researchers for DNA trapping by a simple and low cost device in the Lab-on-a-Chip system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziran Ye
- Department of Physics and Nano Science and Technology Program, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Sanna Hui
- Department of Physics and Nano Science and Technology Program, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yibo Gao
- Environmental Science Program, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yusheng Jiang
- College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044, China
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Song H, Wang Y, Garson C, Pant K. Concurrent DNA Preconcentration and Separation in Bipolar Electrode-Based Microfluidic Device. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2015; 7:1273-1279. [PMID: 26005497 PMCID: PMC4437544 DOI: 10.1039/c4ay01858c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a bipolar electrode (BPE) device in a microfluidic dual-channel design for concurrent preconcentration and separation of composite DNA containing samples. The novelty of the present effort relies on the combination of BPE-induced ion concentration polarization (ICP) and end-labeled free-solution electrophoresis (ELFSE). The ion concentration polarization effect arising from the faradaic reaction on the BPE is utilized to exert opposing electrophoretic and electroosmotic forces on the DNA samples. Meanwhile, end-labeled free-solution electrophoresis alters the mass-charge ratio to enable simultaneous DNA separation in free solution. The microfluidic device was fabricated using standard and soft lithography techniques to form gold-on-glass electrode capped with a PDMS microfluidic channel. Experimental testing with various DNA samples was carried out over a range of applied electric field. Concentration ratios up to 285× within 5 minutes for a 102-mer DNA, and concurrent preconcentration and free-solution separation of binary mixture of free and bound 102-mer DNA within 6 minutes was demonstrated. The effect of applied electric field was also interrogated with respect to pertinent performance metrics of preconcentration and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Wang
- Corresponding author, , Phone: +01-256-726-4915, Fax: +01-256-726-4806
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Preconcentration of diluted biochemical samples using microchannel with integrated nanoscale Nafion membrane. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-9940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Song H, Wang Y, Garson C, Pant K. Nafion Film Based Micro-nanofluidic Device for Concurrent DNA Preconcentration and Separation in Free Solution. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2014; 17:693-699. [PMID: 25346656 PMCID: PMC4204331 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-014-1357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a Nafion film based micro-nanofluidic device for concurrent DNA preconcentration and separation. The principle of the device is based on the combination of (a) ion concentration polarization phenomenon at the junction of the microchannel and the nanochannels in the Nafion film to form opposing electrophoretic and electroosmotic forces acting on the DNAs, and (b) end-labeled free solution electrophoresis to harness the charge-to-mass ratio for molecular differentiation. The experiments successfully demonstrated concurrent preconcentration and separation of DNA mixture in free solution within 240s, yielding concentration ratios up to 1,150X and separation resolution of 1.85. The effect of applied electric field on the concentration and separation performance was also investigated. The device can be used as a key sample preparation element in conjunction with micro- or nano-fluidic sensors for microTAS functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Wang
- Corresponding author: , Phone: +01-256-726-4915, Fax: +01-256-726-4806
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Xiong M, Hao N, Yu T, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Photopatterning of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) membranes for a high level of enrichment and cleanup of nucleic acids in microfluidic chips. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10303-6. [PMID: 25058567 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04410j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An ideal nanoporous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) membrane has been fabricated in glass microchannels by means of spatially controlled photopatterning technology for a high level of enrichment and cleanup of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Lin X, Chen Q, Liu W, Yi L, Li H, Wang Z, Lin JM. Assay of multiplex proteins from cell metabolism based on tunable aptamer and microchip electrophoresis. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 63:105-111. [PMID: 25063921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method for multiplex protein assay based on tunable aptamer by microchip electrophoresis has been developed. Different lengths of aptamers can modulate the electrophoretic mobility of proteins, allowing the protein molecules to be effectively separated in hydroxyethyl cellulose buffer with 1.00 mM magnesium ion. A non-specific DNA was exploited as an internal standard to achieve the quantitative assay and to reduce the interference. A fluorescence dye SYBR gold was exploited to improve the sensitivity and to suppress the interference from sample matrix. Under optimum conditions, quantitative assay of PDGF-BB (R(2)=0.9986), VEGF165 (R(2)=0.9909), and thrombin (R(2)=0.9947) were achieved with a dynamic range in the 5.00-150.0 nM and RSDs in the 5.87-16.3% range. The recoveries were varied from 83.6% to 113.1%. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to analyze cell secretions, and then the concentration of PDGF-BB and VEGF165 were detected from 5.15 nM to 2.03 nM, and 3.14 to 2.53 nM, respectively, indicating the established method can be used to analyze cell secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linglu Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haifang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Breadmore MC, Shallan AI, Rabanes HR, Gstoettenmayr D, Abdul Keyon AS, Gaspar A, Dawod M, Quirino JP. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2010-2012). Electrophoresis 2013; 34:29-54. [PMID: 23161056 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CE has been alive for over two decades now, yet its sensitivity is still regarded as being inferior to that of more traditional methods of separation such as HPLC. As such, it is unsurprising that overcoming this issue still generates much scientific interest. This review continues to update this series of reviews, first published in Electrophoresis in 2007, with updates published in 2009 and 2011 and covers material published through to June 2012. It includes developments in the field of stacking, covering all methods from field amplified sample stacking and large volume sample stacking, through to isotachophoresis, dynamic pH junction and sweeping. Attention is also given to online or inline extraction methods that have been used for electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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