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Ferreira RS, da Silva DAF, Biscola NP, Sartori MMP, Denadai JC, Jorge AM, Dos Santos LD, Barraviera B. Traceability of animal protein byproducts in ruminants by multivariate analysis of isotope ratio mass spectrometry to prevent transmission of prion diseases. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019; 25:e148718. [PMID: 31131007 PMCID: PMC6521725 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-1487-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ruminant feed containing animal byproduct proteins (ABPs) is prohibited in many countries due to its risk of transmitting prion diseases (PD). In most cases the entire herd is sacrificed, which causes great harm to the producer countries by preventing their exportation of ruminant derived-products. Methods We used stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) to trace the animal protein in the blood of 15 buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) divided into three experimental groups: 1 - received only vegetable protein (VP) during 117 days; 2 - received animal and vegetable protein (AVP); and 3 - received animal and vegetable protein with animal protein subsequently removed (AVPR). Groups 2 and 3 received diets containing 13.7% bovine meat and bone meal (MBM) added to a vegetable diet (from days 21-117 in the AVP group and until day 47 in the AVPR group, when MBM was removed). Results On the 36th day, differences were detectable in the feeding profile (p <0.01) among the three experimental groups, which remained for a further 49 days (85th day). The AVPR group showed isotopic rate reversibility on the 110th day by presenting values similar to those in the control group (VP) (p> 0.05), indicating that it took 63 days to eliminate MBM in this group. Total atoms exchange (> 95%) of 13C and 15N was observed through incorporation of the diet into the AVP and AVPR groups. Conclusions IRMS is an accurate and sensitive technique for tracing the feeding profile of ruminants through blood analysis, thus enabling investigation of ABP use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Perussi Biscola
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Juliana Célia Denadai
- Stable Isotopes Center (CIE), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - André Mendes Jorge
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry (FMVZ), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Delazari Dos Santos
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Adam V, Vaculovicova M. Capillary electrophoresis and nanomaterials - Part I: Capillary electrophoresis of nanomaterials. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2389-2404. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
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Neurofilaments in blood and CSF for diagnosis and prediction of onset in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38737. [PMID: 27929120 PMCID: PMC5144074 DOI: 10.1038/srep38737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) are established and partly included in the diagnostic criteria, no blood biomarkers are available. Here, we assessed the utility of serum neurofilament light chain (NF-L) and tau protein in comparison to CSF markers (NF-L and phosphorylated NF heavy chain (pNF-H), tau, S100B, 14-3-3) and prion conversion assay (real-time quaking induced conversion (RT-QuIC)) for sporadic and genetic CJD. Importantly, a Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker mutation carrier in the asymptomatic phase and at disease onset was included as well. Both NF-L and tau were markedly increased in CJD serum, reaching similar or even better performance as in CSF (sensitivity and specificity for serum NF-L 100% and 85.5%, and for serum tau 84.6% and 96.2%, respectively). Serum S100B showed high sensitivity as well (84.2%), but lower specificity (63%). CSF neurofilaments were increased before symptom onset, while prion seeding assay was negative. Just before a clinical diagnosis could be made, all CSF markers and NF-L in the serum were increased and CSF prion conversion assay was positive. The data suggest that neurofilaments are sensitive and specific blood markers for the diagnosis of genetic and sporadic CJD and might represent promising tools to predict disease onset.
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Detecting animal by-product intake using stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Vet J 2016; 217:119-125. [PMID: 27810202 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sheep are used in many countries as food and for manufacturing bioproducts. However, when these animals consume animal by-products (ABP), which is widely prohibited, there is a risk of transmitting scrapie - a fatal prion disease in human beings. Therefore, it is essential to develop sensitive methods to detect previous ABP intake to select safe animals for producing biopharmaceuticals. We used stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) for 13C and 15N to trace animal proteins in the serum of three groups of sheep: 1 - received only vegetable protein (VP) for 89 days; 2 - received animal and vegetable protein (AVP); and 3 - received animal and vegetable protein with animal protein subsequently removed (AVPR). Groups 2 and 3 received diets with 30% bovine meat and bone meal (MBM) added to a vegetable diet (from days 16-89 in the AVP group and until day 49 in the AVPR group, when MBM was removed). The AVPR group showed 15N equilibrium 5 days after MBM removal (54th day). Conversely, 15N equilibrium in the AVP group occurred 22 days later (76th day). The half-life differed between these groups by 3.55 days. In the AVPR group, 15N elimination required 53 days, which was similar to this isotope's incorporation time. Turnover was determined based on natural 15N signatures. IRMS followed by turnover calculations was used to evaluate the time period for the incorporation and elimination of animal protein in sheep serum. The δ13C and δ15N values were used to track animal protein in the diet. This method is biologically and economically relevant for the veterinary field because it can track protein over time or make a point assessment of animal feed with high sensitivity and resolution, providing a low-cost analysis coupled with fast detection. Isotopic profiles could be measured throughout the experimental period, demonstrating the potential to use the method for traceability and certification assessments.
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