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Novel developments in capillary electrophoresis miniaturization, sampling, detection and portability: An overview of the last decade. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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2
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Tůma P. Monitoring of biologically active substances in clinical samples by capillary and microchip electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1225:340161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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3
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Petkovic K, Swallow A, Stewart R, Gao Y, Li S, Glenn F, Gotama J, Dell'Olio M, Best M, Doward J, Ovendon S, Zhu Y. An Integrated Portable Multiplex Microchip Device for Fingerprinting Chemical Warfare Agents. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E617. [PMID: 31527486 PMCID: PMC6780382 DOI: 10.3390/mi10090617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and reliable detection of chemical and biological agents in the field is important for many applications such as national security, environmental monitoring, infectious diseases screening, and so on. Current commercially available devices may suffer from low field deployability, specificity, and reproducibility, as well as a high false alarm rate. This paper reports the development of a portable lab-on-a-chip device that could address these issues. The device integrates a polymer multiplexed microchip system, a contactless conductivity detector, a data acquisition and signal processing system, and a graphic/user interface. The samples are pre-treated by an on-chip capillary electrophoresis system. The separated analytes are detected by conductivity-based microsensors. Extensive studies are carried out to achieve satisfactory reproducibility of the microchip system. Chemical warfare agents soman (GD), sarin (GB), O-ethyl S-[2-diisoproylaminoethyl] methylphsophonothioate (VX), and their degradation products have been tested on the device. It was demonstrated that the device can fingerprint the tested chemical warfare agents. In addition, the detection of ricin and metal ions in water samples was demonstrated. Such a device could be used for the rapid and sensitive on-site detection of both chemical and biological agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Stewart
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Yuan Gao
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Sheng Li
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Fiona Glenn
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Januar Gotama
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Mel Dell'Olio
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Michael Best
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Justin Doward
- DST, 506 Lorimer Street, Fishermans Bend, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Simon Ovendon
- DST, 506 Lorimer Street, Fishermans Bend, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Yonggang Zhu
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia.
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
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4
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Tang M, Xu J, Xu Z. Simultaneous determination of metal ions by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection and insights into the effects of BGE component. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Zhu G, Bao C, Liu W, Yan X, Liu L, Xiao J, Chen C. Rapid Detection of AGs using Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis Contactless Conductivity Detection. CURR PHARM ANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412913666170918160004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In order to realize current aminoglycosides supervision in food and environment,
our team improved the sensitivity and separation efficiency of the portable ITO detector, based on
the technology of microchip capillary electrophoresis and contactless conductivity detection.
Experiment:
Parameters (the separation voltage, buffer concentration, electrodes gap, elicitation frequency,
elicitation voltage) were optimized for the detection of three aminoglycosides, gentamicin,
kanamycin and streptomycin and the separation of their mixture in background electrolyte consists of
2-(N-Morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) and L-Histidine (His). The enhanced method was also
applied to other types of aminoglycosides.
Results:
Under optimal conditions, the monitoring of three types of aminoglycosides obtained such a
sensitive response that the limits of detection of gentamicin sulfate, kanamycin sulfate and streptomycin
sulfate were calculated as 3.1 µg/ml, 0.89 µg/ml and 0.96 µg/ml, at signal-to-noise ratio 3, respectively.
In addition they got separated completely from each other only in 40 s. The results of other varieties of
aminoglycosides including tobramycin sulfate and amikacin sulfate also met the standard.
Conclusion:
We successfully proposed here an unprecedentedly portable, miniaturized and rapid
microchip capillary electrophoresis contactless conductivity detection system to realize current
aminoglycosides supervision in food and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangzhi Zhu
- Haikou People's Hospital and Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan 570208, China
| | - Chunjie Bao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wenfang Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xingxing Yan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lili Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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YANG M, HUANG Z, CHANG J, YOU H. A Novel Solution-auto-introduction Electrophoresis Microchip Based on Capillary Force. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:1285-1290. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingpeng YANG
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Zhe HUANG
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Jianguo CHANG
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Hui YOU
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
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7
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YANG MP, HUANG Z, XIE Y, YOU H. Development of Microchip Electrophoresis and Its Applications in Ion Detection. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(18)61085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Rezende KCA, Moreira RC, Logrado LPL, Talhavini M, Coltro WKT. Authenticity screening of seized whiskey samples using electrophoresis microchips coupled with contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2891-2895. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Cardoso Moreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás; Campus Samambaia; Goiânia GO Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Talhavini
- Instituto Nacional de Criminalística; Departamento de Polícia Federal; Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Wendell K. T. Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás; Campus Samambaia; Goiânia GO Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica (INCTBio); Campinas SP Brazil
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9
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Koenka IJ, Küng N, Kubáň P, Chwalek T, Furrer G, Wehrli B, Müller B, Hauser PC. Thermostatted dual-channel portable capillary electrophoresis instrument. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2368-75. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Küng
- Eawag; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Chwalek
- Eawag; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Furrer
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wehrli
- Eawag; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Beat Müller
- Eawag; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Peter C. Hauser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
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10
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Koenka IJ, Sáiz J, Rempel P, Hauser PC. Microfluidic Breadboard Approach to Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3761-7. [PMID: 26926522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A breadboard approach for electrophoretic separations with contactless conductivity detection is presented. This is based on miniature off-the-shelf components such as syringe pumps, valves, and pressure controllers which could be set up in a very compact overall arrangement. It has a high flexibility for different tasks at hand, and the common operations of hydrodynamic injection and capillary flushing are automated. For demonstration of the versatility of the proposition, several very diverse configurations and modes of electrophoresis were successfully implemented, namely, standard capillary zone electrophoresis, pressure assisted zone electrophoresis, the simultaneous separation of cations and anions by dual-capillary zone electrophoresis, the separation of cationic amino acids by isotachophoresis, as well as the separation of small carboxylic acids by gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis. The system also allows fast separations, as demonstrated by the analysis of six inorganic cations within 35 s. The approach addresses respective limitations of either conventional capillary electrophoresis instruments as well as electrophoretic lab-on-chip devices, while maintaining a performance in terms of detection limits and reproducibility comparable to standard instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Joel Koenka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Sáiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá , Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, Alcalá de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain.,University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá , Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Rempel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter C Hauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Cong H, Xu X, Yu B, Liu H, Yuan H. Fabrication of universal serial bus flash disk type microfluidic chip electrophoresis and application for protein analysis under ultra low voltage. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:024107. [PMID: 27042249 PMCID: PMC4798985 DOI: 10.1063/1.4943915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple and effective universal serial bus (USB) flash disk type microfluidic chip electrophoresis (MCE) was developed by using poly(dimethylsiloxane) based soft lithography and dry film based printed circuit board etching techniques in this paper. The MCE had a microchannel diameter of 375 μm and an effective length of 25 mm. Equipped with a conventional online electrochemical detector, the device enabled effectively separation of bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, and cytochrome c in 80 s under the ultra low voltage from a computer USB interface. Compared with traditional capillary electrophoresis, the USB flash disk type MCE is not only portable and inexpensive but also fast with high separation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071, China
| | | | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071, China
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12
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Microfluidic chip-capillary electrophoresis device for the determination of urinary metabolites and proteins. Bioanalysis 2016; 7:907-22. [PMID: 25932524 DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic chip-CE (MC-CE) devices have caught recent attention for diagnostic applications in urine. This is due to the successes reported in handling real urine samples by integrating microfluidic chips (MC) with analyte enrichment and sample cleanup to CE with high separation efficiency and sensitive analyte detection. Here, we review the determination of urinary metabolites and proteins by MC-CE devices within the past 7 years. The application scope for MC-CE integrated devices was found to exceed the use of either technique alone, showing comparable performance to laser-induced fluorescence detection using less sensitive UV detectors, offering the flexibility to handle difficult urine samples with on-chip dilution and online standard addition and delivering enhanced performance as compared with commercial microfluidic chip electrophoresis chips.
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13
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14
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Koczka PI, Bodoki E, Gáspár A. Application of capacitively coupled contactless conductivity as an external detector for zone electrophoresis in poly(dimethylsiloxane) chips. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:398-405. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Péter I. Koczka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Ede Bodoki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy; Cluj Napoca Romania
| | - Attila Gáspár
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
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15
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Acunha T, Ibáñez C, García-Cañas V, Simó C, Cifuentes A. Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:111-41. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanize Acunha
- Laboratory of Foodomics; CIAL, CSIC; Madrid Spain
- CAPES Foundation; Ministry of Education of Brazil; Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Clara Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics; CIAL, CSIC; Madrid Spain
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16
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Recent applications of microchip electrophoresis to biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 113:72-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Kubáň P, Hauser PC. Contactless conductivity detection for analytical techniques-Developments from 2012 to 2014. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:195-211. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Peter C. Hauser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
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18
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Zheng H, Li M, Dai J, Wang Z, Li X, Yuan H, Xiao D. Double Input Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detector with Phase Shift. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10065-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501199e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- College
of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- College
of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyuan Dai
- College
of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College
of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuting Li
- College
of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Xiao
- College
of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
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Lin X, Chen Q, Liu W, Yi L, Li H, Wang Z, Lin JM. Assay of multiplex proteins from cell metabolism based on tunable aptamer and microchip electrophoresis. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 63:105-111. [PMID: 25063921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method for multiplex protein assay based on tunable aptamer by microchip electrophoresis has been developed. Different lengths of aptamers can modulate the electrophoretic mobility of proteins, allowing the protein molecules to be effectively separated in hydroxyethyl cellulose buffer with 1.00 mM magnesium ion. A non-specific DNA was exploited as an internal standard to achieve the quantitative assay and to reduce the interference. A fluorescence dye SYBR gold was exploited to improve the sensitivity and to suppress the interference from sample matrix. Under optimum conditions, quantitative assay of PDGF-BB (R(2)=0.9986), VEGF165 (R(2)=0.9909), and thrombin (R(2)=0.9947) were achieved with a dynamic range in the 5.00-150.0 nM and RSDs in the 5.87-16.3% range. The recoveries were varied from 83.6% to 113.1%. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to analyze cell secretions, and then the concentration of PDGF-BB and VEGF165 were detected from 5.15 nM to 2.03 nM, and 3.14 to 2.53 nM, respectively, indicating the established method can be used to analyze cell secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linglu Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haifang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Neužil P, Campos CDM, Wong CC, Soon JBW, Reboud J, Manz A. From chip-in-a-lab to lab-on-a-chip: towards a single handheld electronic system for multiple application-specific lab-on-a-chip (ASLOC). LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2168-2176. [PMID: 24828468 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a portable, battery-operated and application-specific lab-on-a-chip (ASLOC) system that can be easily configured for a wide range of lab-on-a-chip applications. It is based on multiplexed electrical current detection that serves as the sensing system. We demonstrate different configurations to perform most detection schemes currently in use in LOC systems, including some of the most advanced such as nanowire-based biosensing, surface plasmon resonance sensing, electrochemical detection and real-time PCR. The complete system is controlled by a single chip and the collected information is stored in situ, with the option of transferring the data to an external display by using a USB interface. In addition to providing a framework for truly portable real-life developments of LOC systems, we envisage that this system will have a significant impact on education, especially since it can easily demonstrate the benefits of integrated microanalytical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Neužil
- KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Campus E7 1, DE-66 123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Gaudry AJ, Breadmore MC, Guijt RM. In-plane alloy electrodes for capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection in poly(methylmethacrylate) electrophoretic chips. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2980-7. [PMID: 23925858 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for producing PMMA electrophoresis microchips with in-plane electrodes for capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection is presented. One PMMA plate (channel plate) is embossed with the microfluidic and electrode channels and lamination bonded to a blank PMMA cover plate of equal dimensions. To incorporate the electrodes, the bonded chip is heated to 80 °C, above the melting point of the alloy (≈ 70 °C) and below the glass transition temperature of the PMMA (≈ 105 °C), and the molten alloy drawn into the electrode channels with a syringe before being allowed to cool and harden. A 0.5 mm diameter stainless steel pin is then inserted into the alloy filled reservoirs of the electrode channels to provide external connection to the capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection detector electronics. This advance provides for a quick and simple manufacturing process and negates the need for integrating electrodes using costly and time-consuming thin film deposition methods. No additional detector cell mounting structures were required and connection to the external signal processing electronics was achieved by simply slipping commercially available shielded adaptors over the pins. With a non-optimised electrode arrangement consisting of a 1 mm detector gap and 100 μm insulating distance, rapid separations of ammonium, sodium and lithium (<22 s) yielded LODs of approximately 1.5-3.5 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Gaudry
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Thredgold LD, Khodakov DA, Ellis AV, Lenehan CE. On-chip capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection using “injected” metal electrodes. Analyst 2013; 138:4275-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00870c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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