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Frey C, Arad M, Ku K, Hare R, Balagtas R, Shi Y, Moon KM, Foster LJ, Ghafourifar G. Development of automated proteomic workflows utilizing silicon-based coupling agents. J Proteomics 2024; 303:105215. [PMID: 38843981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Automated methods for enzyme immobilization via 4-triethoxysilylbutyraldehyde (TESB) derived silicone-based coupling agents were developed. TESB and its oxidized derivative, 4-triethoxysilylbutanoic acid (TESBA), were determined to be the most effective. The resulting immobilized enzyme particles (IEPs) displayed robustness, rapid digestion, and immobilization efficiency of 51 ± 8%. Furthermore, we automated the IEP procedure, allowing for multiple enzymes, and/or coupling agents to be fabricated at once, in a fraction of the time via an Agilent Bravo. The automated trypsin TESB and TESBA IEPs were shown to rival a classical in-gel digestion method. Moreover, pepsin IEPs favored cleavage at leucine (>50%) over aromatic and methionine residues. The IEP method was then adapted for an in-situ immobilized enzyme microreactor (IMER) fabrication. We determined that TESBA could functionalize the silica capillary's inner wall while simultaneously acting as an enzyme coupler. The IMER digestion of bovine serum albumin (BSA), mirroring IEP digestion conditions, yielded a 33-40% primary sequence coverage per LC-MS/MS analysis in as little as 15 min. Overall, our findings underscore the potential of both IEP and IMER methods, paving the way for automated analysis and a reduction in enzyme waste through reuse, thereby contributing to a more cost-effective and timely study of the proteome. SIGNIFICANCE: This research introduces 4-triethoxysilylbutyraldehyde (TESB) and its derivatives as silicon-based enzyme coupling agents and an automated liquid handling method for bottom-up proteomics (BUP) while streamlining sample preparation for high-throughput processing. Additionally, immobilized enzyme particle (IEP) fabrication and digestion within the 96-well plate allows for flexibility in protocol where different enzyme-coupler combinations can be employed simultaneously. By enabling the digestion of entire microplates and reducing manual labor, the proposed method enhances reproducibility and offers a more efficient alternative to classical in-gel techniques. Furthermore, pepsin IEPs were noted to favor cleavage at leucine residues which represents an interesting finding when compared to the literature that warrants further study. The capability of immobilized enzyme microreactors (IMER) for rapid digestion (in as little as 15 min) demonstrated the system's efficiency and potential for rapid proteomic analysis. This advancement in BUP not only improves efficiency, but also opens avenues for a fully automated, mass spectrometry-integrated proteomics workflow, promising to expedite research and discoveries in complex biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Frey
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Maor Arad
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Kenneth Ku
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada
| | - Rhien Hare
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Ronald Balagtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada.
| | - Yuming Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Kyung-Mee Moon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Golfam Ghafourifar
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada.
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Affinity screening of potential anti-obesity and anti-diabetic component from pomegranate peel by co-immobilization of lipase and α-amylase using carbon nanotube and hydrogel. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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3
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Guo S, Liu S, Meng J, Gu D, Wang Y, He D, Yang Y. Dual-target affinity analysis and separation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors from Morus alba leaves using a magnetic bifunctional immobilized enzyme system. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5571. [PMID: 36520456 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Morus alba leaves are a natural product with great antidiabetic potential. However, the therapeutic efficacy of natural products is usually achieved through the interaction of active compounds with specific targets. Among them, active compounds with multi-target therapeutic functions are more effective than single-target enzymes. In this study, a bienzyme system was constructed by co-immobilizing α-amylase and α-glucosidase onto Fe3 O4 for affinity screening of dual-target active components in the complex extract from M. alba leaves. As a result, a potential active compound was selectively screened by ligand fishing, separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography using a solvent system of ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (3:2:5, v/v), and identified as rutin. In addition, the result of molecular docking showed that rutin could interact with the active center of α-amylase and α-glucosidase through multiple hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, etc. to play an inhibitory role. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the polydopamine magnetically immobilized bienzyme system for dual-target affinity screening of active substances. This study not only reveals the chemical basis of the antidiabetic activity of M. alba leaves from a dual-target perspective, but also promotes the progress of multitarget affinity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guo
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Meng
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongyu Gu
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Dajun He
- College of Life Science, Analysis and Testing Centre, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Kašička V. Peptide mapping of proteins by capillary electromigration methods. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:4245-4279. [PMID: 36200755 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article provides a wide overview of important developments and applications of capillary electromigration methods in the area of peptide mapping of proteins in the period 1997-mid-2022, including review articles on this topic. It deals with all major aspects of peptide mapping by capillary electromigration methods: i) precleavage sample preparation involving purification, preconcentration, denaturation, reduction and alkylation of protein(s) to be analyzed, ii) generation of peptide fragments by off-line or on-line enzymatic and/or chemical cleavage of protein(s), iii) postcleavage preparation of the generated peptide mixture for capillary electromigration separation, iv) separation of the complex peptide mixtures by one-, two- and multidimensional capillary electromigration methods coupled with mass spectrometry detection, and v) a large application of peptide mapping for variable purposes, such as qualitative analysis of monoclonal antibodies and other protein biopharmaceuticals, monitoring of posttranslational modifications, determination of primary structure and investigation of function of proteins in biochemical and clinical research, characterization of proteins of variable origin as well as for protein and peptide identification in proteomic and peptidomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Electromigration Methods, The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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5
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Ku K, Frey C, Arad M, Ghafourifar G. Development of novel enzyme immobilization methods employing formaldehyde or triethoxysilylbutyraldehyde to fabricate immobilized enzyme microreactors for peptide mapping. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:4053-4063. [PMID: 36196924 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00840h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The digestion of proteins with proteolytic enzymes has expedited the analysis of peptide mapping. Here, we compared the digestion efficiency of soluble chymotrypsin (CT) with two immobilized CT preparations using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the substrate. An efficient method of immobilizing chymotrypsin using formaldehyde (FA) was optimized and the conditions were applied to assess a novel immobilization reagent, triethoxysilylbutaraldehyde (TESB). Efforts to determine the best enzyme-to-substrate (E : S) ratios during digestion of denatured BSA with single-use FA-CT enzyme particles were performed by adjusting the amount of substrate used. An E : S ratio of 10 : 1 was found to be best based on the LC-MS/MS analysis data showing sequence coverage of 67%. Fabrication of immobilized enzyme microreactors (IMERs) was carried out using both (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) with the idealized conditions with FA, as well as the novel procedure utilizing TESB for a proof of concept open-tubular IMER. It was found that the FA-APTES IMER had a sequence coverage of 6%, while the TESB IMER had 29% sequence coverage from MS analysis. The application of TESB in enzyme immobilization has the potential to facilitate a greater degree of enzymatic digestion with higher sequence coverage than traditional immobilization or crosslinking reagents for bottom-up proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Ku
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, British Columbia, V2S 7M8, Canada.
| | - Connor Frey
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, British Columbia, V2S 7M8, Canada.
| | - Maor Arad
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, British Columbia, V2S 7M8, Canada.
| | - Golfam Ghafourifar
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, British Columbia, V2S 7M8, Canada.
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Liu R, Yi G, Ji B, Liu X, Gui Y, Xia Z, Fu Q. Metal–Organic Frameworks-Based Immobilized Enzyme Microreactors Integrated with Capillary Electrochromatography for High-Efficiency Enzyme Assay. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6540-6547. [PMID: 35465669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Gaoyi Yi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jintang Hospital, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610400, China
| | - Baian Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiuqiong Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jintang Hospital, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610400, China
| | - Yuanqi Gui
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qifeng Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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Mi X, Li H, Tan R, Tu Y. Dual-Modular Aptasensor for Detection of Cardiac Troponin I Based on Mesoporous Silica Films by Electrochemiluminescence/Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14640-14647. [PMID: 33090771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple, dual-modular aptasensor for accurate determination of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a sensitive biomarker of acute myocardial infarction, is reported. It has the parallel output of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) based on target-gated transportation of signal probes (luminol/H2O2 or Fe(CN)63-/4-). The sensing capacity is originated from the amino-functionalized mouth margin of the nanochannels in a vertically oriented mesoporous silica film, which was in situ-grown on indium tin oxide-coated glass. With the linkage of glutaraldehyde to couple the aptamer as a trapper, it brings in the high specific target-gated response toward cTnI as decreased ECL or increased EIS. The concentration of cTnI is measurable by the ECL response within a wide linear range from 0.05 pg mL-1 to 10 ng mL-1, as well as the EIS response for a linear range between 0.05 pg mL-1 and 1 ng mL-1. Significantly, the self-verification of these two data from ECL and EIS validated each other with a satisfactory linear correlation (R2 = 0.999), thereby realizing the more reliable and accurate quantification to avoid false results. The designed strategy is an effective method for detection of cTnI, which is of great potential to apply in clinical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Mi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, P. R. China
| | - Rong Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Tu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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8
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Hu X, Yang J, Chen C, Khan H, Guo Y, Yang L. Capillary electrophoresis-integrated immobilized enzyme microreactor utilizing single-step in-situ penicillinase-mediated alginate hydrogelation: Application for enzyme assays of penicillinase. Talanta 2018; 189:377-382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Naldi M, Tramarin A, Bartolini M. Immobilized enzyme-based analytical tools in the -omics era: Recent advances. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:222-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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10
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Tavano OL, Berenguer-Murcia A, Secundo F, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Biotechnological Applications of Proteases in Food Technology. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:412-436. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Luisa Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition; Alfenas Federal Univ.; 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St Alfenas MG 37130-000 Brazil
| | - Angel Berenguer-Murcia
- Inorganic Chemistry Dept. and Materials Science Inst.; Alicante Univ.; Ap. 99 E-03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istit. di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; CNR; v. Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milan Italy
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Zhuo R, Liu H, Liu N, Wang Y. Ligand Fishing: A Remarkable Strategy for Discovering Bioactive Compounds from Complex Mixture of Natural Products. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111516. [PMID: 27845727 PMCID: PMC6274472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of active compounds from natural products is a critical and challenging task in drug discovery pipelines. Besides commonly used bio-guided screening approaches, affinity selection strategy coupled with liquid chromatography or mass spectrometry, known as ligand fishing, has been gaining increasing interest from researchers. In this review, we summarized this emerging strategy and categorized those methods as off-line or on-line mode according to their features. The separation principles of ligand fishing were introduced based on distinct analytical techniques, including biochromatography, capillary electrophoresis, ultrafiltration, equilibrium dialysis, microdialysis, and magnetic beads. The applications of ligand fishing approaches in the discovery of lead compounds were reviewed. Most of ligand fishing methods display specificity, high efficiency, and require less sample pretreatment, which makes them especially suitable for screening active compounds from complex mixtures of natural products. We also summarized the applications of ligand fishing in the modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and propose some perspectives of this remarkable technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjie Zhuo
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ningning Liu
- TCM Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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12
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Labrou NE, Muharram MM. Biochemical characterization and immobilization of Erwinia carotovora l -asparaginase in a microplate for high-throughput biosensing of l -asparagine. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 92:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Guzman NA, Guzman DE. An emerging micro-scale immuno-analytical diagnostic tool to see the unseen. Holding promise for precision medicine and P4 medicine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1021:14-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Preparation and evaluation of dual-enzyme microreactor with co-immobilized trypsin and chymotrypsin. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1440:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2013-middle 2015). Electrophoresis 2015; 37:162-88. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
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16
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Ghafourifar G, Waldron KC. Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging of an Immobilized Enzyme Microreactor to Investigate Glutaraldehyde-Mediated Crosslinking of Chymotrypsin. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1075128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Wang WF, Liang JH. Clinical effects of chymotrypsin on wound healing and nutritional status in patients after anorectal surgery. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1526-1529. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i9.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the clinical effects of chymotrypsin on wound healing and nutritional status in patients after anorectal surgery.
METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients who underwent anorectal surgery from January 2012 to February 2014 at Shengzhou People's Hospital were randomly divided into two groups to receive either chymotrypsin treatment (treatment group) or conventional treatment (control group). The rate of wound healing, the average healing time and nutritional status were compared for the two groups.
RESULTS: In the treatment group, there were 36 (60.00%) cases of complete response (CR), 22 (36.67%) cases of partial response (PR), and 2 (3.33%) cases of non-responsiveness, and the total response rate was 96.67%. In the control group, there were 13 (21.67%) cases of CR, 28 (46.67%) cases of PR, and 19 (31.67%) cases of non-responsiveness, and the total response rate was 68.33%. The total response rate was significantly higher in the treatment group (P < 0.05). In the treatment group, the rates of wound healing at 1, 2 wk, and 1 mo were 22.37% ± 2.54%, 83.56% ± 5.78%, 95.72% ± 4.19%, respectively, and the average healing time was 16.27 d ± 3.24 d; the corresponding vales in the control group were 13.96% ± 1.73%, 42.36% ± 4.91%, 61.55% ± 3.82%, and 22.56 d ± 2.73 d. The wound healing rates and average healing time differed significantly between the two groups (P < 0.05). Preoperatively, total protein, hemoglobin, albumin and prealbumin were not significantly different between the two group (P > 0.05); however, the total protein, hemoglobin, prealbumin and albumin were significantly higher in the treatment group at 2 wk postoperatively.
CONCLUSION: Chymotrypsin can promote wound healing and improve nutritional status in patients after anorectal surgery.
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Li Y, Yan L, Liu Y, Qian K, Liu B, Yang P, Liu B. High-efficiency nano/micro-reactors for protein analysis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the recent advances regarding the development of nanomaterial-based nanoreactors and microfluidic droplet reactors and their applications in protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Kun Qian
- Center for Bio-Nano-Chips and Diagnostics in Translational Medicine
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Bin Liu
- Center for Bio-Nano-Chips and Diagnostics in Translational Medicine
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
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20
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Capillary electrophoresis-based immobilized enzyme reactor using particle-packing technique. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1352:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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21
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Sun L, Zhu G, Yan X, Mou S, Dovichi NJ. Uncovering immobilized trypsin digestion features from large-scale proteome data generated by high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1337:40-7. [PMID: 24636566 PMCID: PMC4000775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immobilized trypsin produces very fast protein digestion, which is attractive for application to high throughput bottom-up proteomics. While there is a rich literature on the preparation of immobilized trypsin, there are very few studies that investigate its application to complex proteomic samples. In this work, we compared solution-phase trypsin with trypsin immobilized on magnetic microspheres for digestion of two complex proteomes, Escherichia coli and the MCF7 cell line. The digests were separated by HPLC, and detected with a Q-Exactive mass spectrometer, which generated high resolution and high quality parent- and fragment-ion mass spectra. The data were analyzed using MaxQuant. We make several conclusions about the features of immobilized trypsin digestion of complex proteomes. First, both immobilized and solution-phase trypsin generate peptides that sample the same protein pool. Second, immobilized trypsin can digest complex proteomes two orders of magnitude faster than solution-phase trypsin while retaining similar numbers of protein identifications and proteome depth. Digestion using immobilized trypsin for 5-min produces a similar number of missed cleavages as solution-based trypsin digestion for 4-h; digestion using immobilized trypsin for 20-min produces a similar number of missed cleavages as solution-based trypsin digestion for 12-h. Third, immobilized trypsin produces quantitatively reproducible digestion of complex proteomes. Finally, there is small but measurable loss of peptide due to non-specific adsorption to the immobilization matrix. This adsorption generates a bias against detection of basic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Guijie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Si Mou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Yin Z, Zhao W, Tian M, Zhang Q, Guo L, Yang L. A capillary electrophoresis-based immobilized enzyme reactor using graphene oxide as a support via layer by layer electrostatic assembly. Analyst 2014; 139:1973-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an02241b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Using graphene oxide as an enzyme support, we developed a novel CE-based microreactor via layer-by-layer electrostatic assembly, which can be used for accurate on-line analysis and characterization of peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengri Yin
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Liping Guo
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun, P. R. China
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