1
|
Ikeda H, Misumi R, Nishiki Y, Kuroda Y, Mitsushima S. tert-Butyl-alcohol-induced breakage of the rigid bubble layer that causes overpotential in the oxygen evolution reaction during alkaline water electrolysis. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
2
|
Habibi S, Lee HY, Moncada-Hernandez H, Minerick AR. Induction and suppression of cell lysis in an electrokinetic microfluidic system. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1322-1336. [PMID: 35306692 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The ability to strategically induce or suppress cell lysis is critical for many cellular-level diagnostic and therapeutic applications conducted within electrokinetic microfluidic platforms. The chemical and structural integrity of sub-cellular components is important when inducing cell lysis. However, metal electrodes and electrolytes participate in undesirable electrochemical reactions that alter solution composition and potentially damage protein, RNA, and DNA integrity within device microenvironments. For many biomedical applications, cell viability must be maintained even when device-imposed cell-stressing stimuli (e.g., electrochemical reaction byproducts) are present. In this work, we explored a novel and tunable method to accurately induce or suppress device-imposed artifacts on human red blood cell (RBC) lysis in non-uniform AC electric fields. For precise tunability, a dielectric hafnium oxide (HfO2 ) layer was used to prevent electron transfer between the electrodes and the electric double layer and thus reduce harmful electrochemical reactions. Additionally, a low concentration of Triton X-100 surfactant was explored as a tool to stabilize cell membrane integrity. The extent of hemolysis was studied as a function of time, electrode configuration (T-shaped and star-shaped), cell position, applied non-uniform AC electric field, with uncoated and HfO2 coated electrodes (50 nm), and absence and presence of Triton X-100 (70 µM). Tangible outcomes include a parametric analysis relying upon literature and this work to design, tune, and operate electrokinetic microdevices to intentionally induce or suppress cellular lysis without altering intracellular components. Implications are that devices can be engineered to leverage or minimize device-imposed biological artefacts extending the versatility and utility of electrokinetic diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Habibi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Hwi Yong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Adrienne R Minerick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garbe S, Futter J, Schmidt TJ, Gubler L. Insight into elevated temperature and thin membrane application for high efficiency in polymer electrolyte water electrolysis. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
4
|
Hadikhani P, Hashemi SMH, Schenk SA, Psaltis D. A membrane-less electrolyzer with porous walls for high throughput and pure hydrogen production. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS 2021; 5:2419-2432. [PMID: 33997295 PMCID: PMC8095110 DOI: 10.1039/d1se00255d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-less electrolyzers utilize fluidic forces instead of solid barriers for the separation of electrolysis gas products. These electrolyzers have low ionic resistance, a simple design, and the ability to work with electrolytes at different pH values. However, the interelectrode distance and the flow velocity should be large at high production rates to prevent gas cross over. This is not energetically favorable as the ionic resistance is higher at larger interelectrode distances and the required pumping power increases with the flow velocity. In this work, a new solution is introduced to increase the throughput of electrolyzers without the need for increasing these two parameters. The new microfluidic reactor has three channels separated by porous walls. The electrolyte enters the middle channel and flows into the outer channels through the wall pores. Gas products are being produced in the outer channels. Hydrogen cross over is 0.14% in this electrolyzer at flow rate = 80 mL h-1 and current density (j) = 300 mA cm-2. This cross over is 58 times lower than hydrogen cross over in an equivalent membrane-less electrolyzer with parallel electrodes under the same working conditions. Moreover, the addition of a surfactant to the electrolyte further reduces the hydrogen cross over by 21% and the overpotential by 1.9%. This is due to the positive effects of surfactants on the detachment and coalescence dynamics of bubbles. The addition of the passive additive and implementation of the porous walls result in twice the hydrogen production rate in the new reactor compared to parallel electrode electrolyzers with similar hydrogen cross over.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooria Hadikhani
- Optics Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - S Mohammad H Hashemi
- Optics Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
- Computational Science & Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Steven A Schenk
- Optics Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Demetri Psaltis
- Optics Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Diaz L, Li Y, Jenkins DM. Chemical stabilization of dispersed Escherichia coli for enhanced recovery with a handheld electroflotation system and detection by Loop-mediated Isothermal AMPlification. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244956. [PMID: 33400712 PMCID: PMC7785231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Constraints related to sample preparation are some of the primary obstacles to widespread deployment of molecular diagnostics for rapid detection of trace quantities (≤103 CFU/mL) of food-borne pathogens. In this research, we report a sample preparation method using a novel handheld electroflotation system to concentrate and recover dilute quantities (102-103 CFU/mL) of Escherichia coli (E. coli) 25922 in artificially contaminated samples for reliable, rapid detection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). To protect suspended cells from shear stresses at bubble surfaces, a non-ionic surfactant (Pluronic-F68) and flocculant (chitosan oligosaccharide) were used to aggregate cells and reduce their surface hydrophobicity. Effective conditions for recovery were determined through multifactorial experiments including various concentrations of Pluronic-F68 (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 g L-1), chitosan oligosaccharide (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 g L-1), bacteria (102, 103, 104 CFU/mL E. coli 25922), recovery times (10, 15 and 20 minutes), and degrees of turbulent gas flux ("high" and "low"). The automated electroflotation system was capable of concentrating effectively all of the bacteria from a large sample (380 mL 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer containing 102 CFU/mL E. coli) into a 1 mL recovered fraction in less than 30 minutes. This enabled detection of bacterial contaminants within 2 hours of collecting the sample, without a specialized laboratory facility or traditional enrichment methods, with at least a 2-3 order of magnitude improvement in detection limit compared to direct assay with LAMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Diaz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Animal Science, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Jenkins
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han C, He X, Wang J, Gao L, Yang G, Li D, Wang S, Chen X, Peng Z. A low-cost smartphone controlled portable system with accurately confined on-chip 3D electrodes for flow-through cell electroporation. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 134:107486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
7
|
Wang R, Wang M, Wang C, Yang Q, Wang J, Jiang L. Thermally Driven Interfacial Switch between Adhesion and Antiadhesion on Gas Bubbles in Aqueous Media. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:37365-37370. [PMID: 31536320 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is greatly important to understand the gas bubble behaviors and realize their reliable manipulation. There still remain many challenges in the capture, transport, and release of gas bubbles at a preferred location intelligently. Herein, we provide a simple approach to manufacture a composite film with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM) and polypropylene that exhibits smart, reversible, and reliable regulation of gas bubble adhesive behaviors (high and low adhesion) by controlling the temperature (above or below the lower critical solution temperature). By adjusting the composite surface temperature, thermally driven interface switching between intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the PNIPAAM chains resulted in low and high adhesion of air bubbles in an aqueous medium. Gas bubbles could be precisely captured, directionally transported, and precisely released at any preferred location.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Mingchao Wang
- Beijing BOE Display Technology Company Limited , Beijing 100176 , China
| | - Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Jingming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100083 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing , 100191 , China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100083 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing , 100191 , China
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100191 , China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Habibi S, Lee HY, Moncada-Hernandez H, Gooding J, Minerick AR. Impacts of low concentration surfactant on red blood cell dielectrophoretic responses. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:054101. [PMID: 31531153 PMCID: PMC6746619 DOI: 10.1063/1.5113735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell dielectrophoretic responses have been extensively studied for biomarker expression, blood typing, sepsis, circulating tumor cell separations, and others. Surfactants are often added to the analytical buffer in electrokinetic cellular microfluidic systems to lower surface/interfacial tensions. In nonelectrokinetic systems, surfactants influence cell size, shape, and agglomeration; this has not been systematically documented in electrokinetic systems. In the present work, the impacts of the Triton X-100 surfactant on human red blood cells (RBCs) were explored via ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and dielectrophoresis (DEP) to compare nonelectrokinetic and electrokinetic responses, respectively. The UV-Vis spectra of Triton X-100 treated RBCs were dramatically different from that of native RBCs. DEP responses of RBCs were compared to RBCs treated with low concentrations of Triton X-100 (0.07-0.17 mM) to ascertain surfactant effects on dielectric properties. A star-shaped electrode design was used to quantify RBC dielectric properties by fitting a single-shell oblate cell model to experimentally-derived DEP spectra. The presence of 0.07 and 0.11 mM of Triton X-100 shifted the RBC's DEP spectra yielding lower crossover frequencies ( f C O ) . The single-shell oblate model revealed that cell radius and membrane permittivity are the dominant influencers of DEP spectral shifts. The trends observed were similar for 0.11 mM and 0.07 mM Triton X-100 treated cells. However, a further increase of Triton X-100 to 0.17 mM caused cells to only exhibit negative DEP. The magnitude of the DEP force increased with Triton X-100 concentration. This work indicates that dynamic surfactant interactions with cell membranes alter cell dielectric responses and properties.
Collapse
|
9
|
Li D, Podlaha EJ. Template-Assisted Electrodeposition of Porous Fe-Ni-Co Nanowires with Vigorous Hydrogen Evolution. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3569-3574. [PMID: 31117749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel method to fabricate porous Fe-Ni-Co nanowires directly by electrodepositing into polycarbonate membranes is reported when the electrolyte pH < 0.5. Hydrogen bubbles are used as a dynamic porous template created by operating in electrolytes with very low pH to drive the proton reduction reaction. The electrolyte pH was adjusted with sulfuric acid, and the added sulfate ions are thought to help reduce bubble coalescence, but not detachment at the electrode surface, to facilitate metal deposition within the nanopores. Porous nanowires were obtained when the electrolyte pH was less than 1.0. The average alloy composition was found to be pH sensitive, which shifted from an Fe-rich porous alloy to a Ni-rich porous alloy as the electrolyte pH decreased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Elizabeth J Podlaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Rezaei B, Taki M, Irannejad N, Ensafi AA. Electro-deposition under a modulated electrical field as an enhanced method for the preparation of an efficient photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cells. J Solid State Electrochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Spöri C, Kwan JTH, Bonakdarpour A, Wilkinson DP, Strasser P. Stabilitätsanforderungen von Elektrokatalysatoren für die Sauerstoffentwicklung: der Weg zu einem grundlegenden Verständnis und zur Minimierung der Katalysatordegradation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Spöri
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis and Materials, Science Laboratory, Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 124 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jason Tai Hong Kwan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of British Columbia; 2360 East Mall Vancouver B.C V6T 1Z3 Kanada
| | - Arman Bonakdarpour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of British Columbia; 2360 East Mall Vancouver B.C V6T 1Z3 Kanada
| | - David P. Wilkinson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of British Columbia; 2360 East Mall Vancouver B.C V6T 1Z3 Kanada
| | - Peter Strasser
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis and Materials, Science Laboratory, Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 124 10623 Berlin Deutschland
- Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju 500-712 Südkorea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Spöri C, Kwan JTH, Bonakdarpour A, Wilkinson DP, Strasser P. The Stability Challenges of Oxygen Evolving Catalysts: Towards a Common Fundamental Understanding and Mitigation of Catalyst Degradation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5994-6021. [PMID: 27805788 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This Review addresses the technical challenges, scientific basis, recent progress, and outlook with respect to the stability and degradation of catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) operating at electrolyzer anodes in acidic environments with an emphasis on ion exchange membrane applications. First, the term "catalyst stability" is clarified, as well as current performance targets, major catalyst degradation mechanisms, and their mitigation strategies. Suitable in situ experimental methods are then evaluated to give insight into catalyst degradation and possible pathways to tune OER catalyst stability. Finally, the importance of identifying universal figures of merit for stability is highlighted, leading to a comprehensive accelerated lifetime test that could yield comparable performance data across different laboratories and catalyst types. The aim of this Review is to help disseminate and stress the important relationships between structure, composition, and stability of OER catalysts under different operating conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Spöri
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason Tai Hong Kwan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, B.C, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Arman Bonakdarpour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, B.C, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - David P Wilkinson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, B.C, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Peter Strasser
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany.,Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 500-712, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mathew B, Alazzam A, Abutayeh M, Gawanmeh A, Khashan S. Modeling the trajectory of microparticles subjected to dielectrophoresis in a microfluidic device for field flow fractionation. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
15
|
Lee HY, Barber C, Minerick AR. Platinum electrode modification: Unique surface carbonization approach to improve performance and sensitivity. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1666-73. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwi Yong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton MI USA
| | - Cedrick Barber
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton MI USA
| | - Adrienne R. Minerick
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton MI USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee HY, Barber C, Rogers JA, Minerick AR. Electrochemical hematocrit determination in a direct current microfluidic device. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:978-85. [PMID: 25640582 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hematocrit (HCT) tests are widely performed to screen blood donors and to diagnose medical conditions. Current HCT test methods include conventional microhematocrit, Coulter counter, CuSO4 specific gravity, and conductivity-based point-of-care (POC) HCT devices, which can be either expensive, environmentally inadvisable, or complicated. In the present work, we introduce a new and simple microfluidic system for a POC HCT determination. HCT was determined by measuring current responses of blood under 100 V DC for 1 min in a microfluidic device containing a single microchannel with dimensions of 180 μm by 70 μm and 10 mm long. Current responses of red blood cell (RBC) suspensions in PBS or separately plasma at HCT concentrations of 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, and 70 vol% were measured to show feasibility of the microfluidic system for HCT determination. Key parameters affecting current responses included electrolysis bubbles and irreversible RBC adsorption; parameters were optimized via addition of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 into sample solution and carbonizing electrode surfaces. The linear trend line of current responses over a range of RBC concentrations were obtained in both PBS and plasma. This work suggested that a simple microfluidic device could be a promising platform for a new POC HCT device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwi Yong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|