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Giesler J, Weirauch L, Thöming J, Baune M. Compensation of capacitive currents in high-throughput dielectrophoretic separators. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16491. [PMID: 39020049 PMCID: PMC11255223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Separation and classification are important operations in particle technology, but they are still limited in terms of suspended particles in the micrometer and nanometer size-range. Electrical fields can be beneficial for sorting such particles according to material properties. A mechanism based on strong and inhomogeneous fields is dielectrophoresis (DEP). It can be used to separate microparticles according to their material properties, such as conductivity and permittivity, by selectively trapping one particle type while the other can pass the separator. Conventional DEP-separators show either a limitation in throughput or frequency bandwidth. A low throughput limits the economical feasibility in many cases. A lower frequency bandwidth limits the variety of materials that can be sorted by DEP. To separate semiconducting particles from a mixture containing particles with higher conductivity according to their material, high frequencies are required. Possible applications are the separation of semiconducting and metallic carbon nanotubes or the separation of carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate particles from graphite in the recycling process of spent lithium-ion batteries. In this publication, we aim to display how to tune the electrical impedance of a high-throughput DEP separator based on custom-designed printed circuit boards to increase its frequency bandwidth. By adding inductors to the electrical circuit, we were able to increase the frequency bandwidth from 500 kHz to over 11 MHz. The experiments in this study act as proof-of-principle. Furthermore, a non-deterministic way to increase the impedance of the setup is shown, yielding a maximum frequency of 39.16 MHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Giesler
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Laura Weirauch
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Baune
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
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2
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Aghajanloo B, Hadady H, Ejeian F, Inglis DW, Hughes MP, Tehrani AF, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Biomechanics of circulating cellular and subcellular bioparticles: beyond separation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:331. [PMID: 38886776 PMCID: PMC11181607 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical attributes have emerged as novel markers, providing a reliable means to characterize cellular and subcellular fractions. Numerous studies have identified correlations between these factors and patients' medical status. However, the absence of a thorough overview impedes their applicability in contemporary state-of-the-art therapeutic strategies. In this context, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the dimensions, configuration, rigidity, density, and electrical characteristics of normal and abnormal circulating cells. Subsequently, the discussion broadens to encompass subcellular bioparticles, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched either from blood cells or other tissues. Notably, cell sizes vary significantly, from 2 μm for platelets to 25 μm for circulating tumor cells (CTCs), enabling the development of size-based separation techniques, such as microfiltration, for specific diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Although cellular density is relatively constant among different circulating bioparticles, it allows for reliable density gradient centrifugation to isolate cells without altering their native state. Additionally, variations in EV surface charges (-6.3 to -45 mV) offer opportunities for electrophoretic and electrostatic separation methods. The distinctive mechanical properties of abnormal cells, compared to their normal counterparts, present an exceptional opportunity for diverse medical and biotechnological approaches. This review also aims to provide a holistic view of the current understanding of popular techniques in this domain that transcend conventional boundaries, focusing on early harvesting of malignant cells from body fluids, designing effective therapeutic options, cell targeting, and resonating with tissue and genetic engineering principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Aghajanloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Science, Research and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Hanieh Hadady
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - David W Inglis
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Michael Pycraft Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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Li Y, Huang C, Han SI, Han A. Measurement of dielectric properties of cells at single-cell resolution using electrorotation. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:23. [PMID: 35771277 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dielectric properties of a cell are biophysical properties of high interest for various applications. However, measuring these properties accurately is not easy, which can be exemplified by the large variations in reported dielectric properties of the same cell types. This paper presents a method for measuring the dielectric properties of cells at high frequency, especially lipid-producing microalgae, at single-cell resolution, by integrating an electrorotation-based dielectric property measurement method with a negative dielectrophoretic (nDEP) force-based single-cell trapping method into a single device. In this method, a four-electrode nDEP structure was used to trap a single cell in an elevated position in the center of another four-electrode structure that can apply electrorotational force. By measuring the speed of cell rotation under different applied electrorotation frequencies and fitting the results into a theoretical core-shell cell model, the dielectric properties of cells, including membrane capacitance and cytoplasm conductivity, could be obtained. This system was applied to measure the dielectric properties of lipid-accumulating microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain Sta6 by applying an electrorotation signal of up to 100 MHz. By utilizing a broad frequency range and expanding the measurement spectra to a high frequency region, increased accuracy in fitting the dielectric parameters to a theoretical model was possible, especially the cytoplasm conductivity. The developed method can be used in various applications, such as screening microalgae based on their lipid production capabilities, separating cells of different dielectric properties, identifying different cell types, as well as conducting basic biophysical analyses of cellular properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Can Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Song-I Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Arum Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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4
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Hadady H, Karamali F, Ejeian F, Soroushzadeh S, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Potential neuroprotective effect of stem cells from apical papilla derived extracellular vesicles enriched by lab-on-chip approach during retinal degeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:350. [PMID: 35672609 PMCID: PMC11071776 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degeneration (RD) is recognized as a frequent cause of visual impairments, including inherited (Retinitis pigmentosa) and degenerative (age-related macular) eye diseases. Dental stem cells (DSCs) have recently demonstrated a promising neuroprotection potential for ocular diseases through a paracrine manner carried out by extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, effective isolation of EVs is still challenging, and isolation methods determine the composition of enriched EVs and the subsequent biological and functional effects. In the present study, we assessed two enrichment methods (micro-electromechanical systems and ultrafiltration) to isolate the EVs from stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP). The size distribution of the corresponding isolates exhibited the capability of each method to enrich different subsets of EVs, which significantly impacts their biological and functional effects. We confirmed the neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory capacity of the SCAP-EVs in vitro. Further experiments revealed the possible therapeutic effects of subretinal injection of SCAP-EVs in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat model. We found that EVs enriched by the micro-electromechanical-based device (MEMS-EVs) preserved visual function, reduced retinal cell apoptosis, and prevented thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Interestingly, the effect of MEMS-EVs was extended to the retinal ganglion cell/retinal nerve fiber layer (GCL/RNFL). This study supports the use of the microfluidics approach to enrich valuable subsets of EVs, together with the choice of SCAP as a source to derive EVs for cell-free therapy of RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Hadady
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Karamali
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sareh Soroushzadeh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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5
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Zheng X, Duan X, Tu X, Jiang S, Song C. The Fusion of Microfluidics and Optics for On-Chip Detection and Characterization of Microalgae. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1137. [PMID: 34683188 PMCID: PMC8540680 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that microalgae play an important role in the food, agriculture and medicine industries. Additionally, the identification and counting of the microalgae are also a critical step in evaluating water quality, and some lipid-rich microalgae species even have the potential to be an alternative to fossil fuels. However, current technologies for the detection and analysis of microalgae are costly, labor-intensive, time-consuming and throughput limited. In the past few years, microfluidic chips integrating optical components have emerged as powerful tools that can be used for the analysis of microalgae with high specificity, sensitivity and throughput. In this paper, we review recent optofluidic lab-on-chip systems and techniques used for microalgal detection and characterization. We introduce three optofluidic technologies that are based on fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy and imaging-based flow cytometry, each of which can achieve the determination of cell viability, lipid content, metabolic heterogeneity and counting. We analyze and summarize the merits and drawbacks of these micro-systems and conclude the direction of the future development of the optofluidic platforms applied in microalgal research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chaolong Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.Z.); (X.D.); (X.T.); (S.J.)
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6
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Hadady H, Karamali F, Ejeian F, Haghjooy Javanmard S, Rafiee L, Nasr Esfahani MH. AC electrokinetic isolation and detection of extracellular vesicles from dental pulp stem cells: Theoretical simulation incorporating fluid mechanics. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2018-2026. [PMID: 34013529 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoscale vesicles involved in intracellular communication and the transportation of biomarkers. EVs released by mesenchymal stem cells have been recently reported to play a role in cell-free therapy of many diseases. However, the demand for better research tools to replace the tedious conventional methods used to study EVs is getting stronger. EVs' manipulation using alternating current (AC) electrokinetic forces in a microfluidic device has appeared to be a reliable and sensitive diagnosis and trapping technique. Given that different AC electrokinetic forces may contribute to the overall motion of particles and fluids in a microfluidic device, EVs' electrokinetic trapping must be examined considering all dominant forces involved depending on the experimental conditions. In this paper, AC electrokinetic trapping of EVs using an interdigitated electrode arrays is investigated. A 2D numerical simulation incorporating the two significant AC electrokinetic phenomena (Dielectrophoresis and AC electroosmosis) has been performed. Theoretical predictions are then compared with experimental results and allow for a plausible explanation of observations inconsistent with DEP theory. It is demonstrated that the inconsistencies can be attributed to a significant extent to the contribution of the AC electroosmotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Hadady
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Karamali
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Rafiee
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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7
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Lin YS, Tsang S, Bensalem S, Tsai CC, Chen SJ, Sun CL, Lopes F, Le Pioufle B, Wang HY. Electrorotation of single microalgae cells during lipid accumulation for assessing cellular dielectric properties and total lipid contents. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 173:112772. [PMID: 33232922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic microalgae not only perform fixation of carbon dioxide but also produce valuable byproducts such as lipids and pigments. However, due to the lack of effective tools for rapid and noninvasive analysis of microalgal cellular contents, the efficiency of strain screening and culture optimizing is usually quite low. This study applied single-cell electrorotation on Scenedesmus abundans to assess cellular dielectric properties during lipid accumulation and to promptly quantify total cellular contents. The experimental electrorotation spectra were fitted with the double-shell ellipsoidal model, which considered varying cell wall thickness, to obtain the dielectric properties of cellular compartments. When the amount of total lipids increased from 15.3 wt% to 33.8 wt%, the conductivity and relative permittivity of the inner core (composed of the cytoplasm, lipid droplets, and nucleus) decreased by 21.7% and 22.5%, respectively. These dielectric properties were further used to estimate the total cellular lipid contents by the general mixing formula, and the estimated values agreed with those obtained by weighing dry biomass and extracted lipids with an error as low as 0.22 wt%. Additionally, the conductivity and relative permittivity of cell wall increased during nitrogen-starvation conditions, indicating the thickening of cell wall, which was validated by the transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Lin
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'Alembert, SATIE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Sung Tsang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sakina Bensalem
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'Alembert, SATIE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France; CentraleSupélec, LGPM, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Ching-Chu Tsai
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Jiuun Chen
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Li Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Filipa Lopes
- CentraleSupélec, LGPM, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Bruno Le Pioufle
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'Alembert, LUMIN, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Hsiang-Yu Wang
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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8
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Han SI, Kim HS, Han KH, Han A. Digital quantification and selection of high-lipid-producing microalgae through a lateral dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:4128-4138. [PMID: 31755503 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00850k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are promising alternatives to petroleum as renewable biofuel sources, however not sufficiently economically competitive yet. Here, a label-free lateral dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic sorting platform that can digitally quantify and separate microalgae into six outlets based on the degree of their intracellular lipid content is presented. In this microfluidic system, the degree of cellular lateral displacement is inversely proportional to the intracellular lipid level, which was successfully demonstrated using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. Using this functionality, a quick digital quantification of sub-populations that contain different intracellular lipid level in a given population was achieved. In addition, the degree of lateral displacement of microalgae could be readily controlled by simply changing the applied DEP voltage, where the level of gating in the intracellular lipid-based sorting decision could be easily adjusted. This allowed for selecting only a very small percentage of a given population that showed the highest degree of intracellular lipid content. In addition, this approach was utilized through an iterative selection process on natural and chemically mutated microalgal populations, successfully resulting in enrichment of high-lipid-accumulating microalgae. In summary, the developed platform can be exploited to quickly quantify microalgae lipid distribution in a given population in real-time and label-free, as well as to enrich a cell population with high-lipid-producing cells, or to select high-lipid-accumulating microalgal variants from a microalgal library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-I Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu Research Center for Medical Devices and Rehabilitation, Daegu, 42994, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Han
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Arum Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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9
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Rashed MZ, Green NG, Williams SJ. Scaling law analysis of electrohydrodynamics and dielectrophoresis for isomotive dielectrophoresis microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:148-155. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas G. Green
- Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton Highfield Campus Southampton United Kingdom
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10
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Bodénès P, Wang HY, Lee TH, Chen HY, Wang CY. Microfluidic techniques for enhancing biofuel and biorefinery industry based on microalgae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:33. [PMID: 30815031 PMCID: PMC6376642 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a critical assessment of emerging microfluidic technologies for the application on biological productions of biofuels and other chemicals from microalgae. Comparisons of cell culture designs for the screening of microalgae strains and growth conditions are provided with three categories: mechanical traps, droplets, or microchambers. Emerging technologies for the in situ characterization of microalgae features and metabolites are also presented and evaluated. Biomass and secondary metabolite productivities obtained at microscale are compared with the values obtained at bulk scale to assess the feasibility of optimizing large-scale operations using microfluidic platforms. The recent studies in microsystems for microalgae pretreatment, fractionation and extraction of metabolites are also reviewed. Finally, comments toward future developments (high-pressure/-temperature process; solvent-resistant devices; omics analysis, including genome/epigenome, proteome, and metabolome; biofilm reactors) of microfluidic techniques for microalgae applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bodénès
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Wang
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Nuclear Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hua Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Chen
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Wang
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Wang Y, Wang J, Wu X, Jiang Z, Wang W. Dielectrophoretic separation of microalgae cells in ballast water in a microfluidic chip. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:969-978. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology; Dalian Maritime University; Dalian P. R. China
- Software Institute; Dalian Jiaotong University; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology; Dalian Maritime University; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Jiangsu Jimbio Tech.; Changzhou P. R. China
| | - Zong Jiang
- College of Information Science and Technology; Dalian Maritime University; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology; Dalian Maritime University; Dalian P. R. China
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12
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Kumar RTK, Kanchustambham P, Kinnamon D, Prasad S. 2D dielectrophoretic signature of Coscinodiscus wailesii algae in non-uniform electric fields. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Juang YJ, Chang JS. Applications of microfluidics in microalgae biotechnology: A review. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:327-35. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Je Juang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
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14
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Hadady H, Redelman D, R. Hiibel S, J. Geiger E. Continuous-flow sorting of microalgae cells based on lipid content by high frequency dielectrophoresis. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2016.3.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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15
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Bono Jr. MS, Garcia RD, Sri-Jayantha DV, Ahner BA, Kirby BJ. Measurement of lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris via flow cytometry and liquid-state ¹H NMR spectroscopy for development of an NMR-traceable flow cytometry protocol. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134846. [PMID: 26267664 PMCID: PMC4534451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we cultured Chlorella vulgaris cells with a range of lipid contents, induced via nitrogen starvation, and characterized them via flow cytometry, with BODIPY 505/515 as a fluorescent lipid label, and liquid-state 1H NMR spectroscopy. In doing so, we demonstrate the utility of calibrating flow cytometric measurements of algal lipid content using triacylglyceride (TAG, also known as triacylglycerol or triglyceride) content per cell as measured via quantitative 1H NMR. Ensemble-averaged fluorescence of BODIPY-labeled cells was highly correlated with average TAG content per cell measured by bulk NMR, with a linear regression yielding a linear fit with r2 = 0.9974. This correlation compares favorably to previous calibrations of flow cytometry protocols to lipid content measured via extraction, and calibration by NMR avoids the time and complexity that is generally required for lipid quantitation via extraction. Flow cytometry calibrated to a direct measurement of TAG content can be used to investigate the distribution of lipid contents for cells within a culture. Our flow cytometry measurements showed that Chlorella vulgaris cells subjected to nitrogen limitation exhibited higher mean lipid content but a wider distribution of lipid content that overlapped the relatively narrow distribution of lipid content for replete cells, suggesting that nitrogen limitation induces lipid accumulation in only a subset of cells. Calibration of flow cytometry protocols using direct in situ measurement of TAG content via NMR will facilitate rapid development of more precise flow cytometry protocols, enabling investigation of algal lipid accumulation for development of more productive algal biofuel feedstocks and cultivation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Bono Jr.
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Ravi D. Garcia
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Dylan V. Sri-Jayantha
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Beth A. Ahner
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Kirby
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hadady H, Montiel C, Wetta D, Geiger EJ. Liposomes as a model for the study of high frequency dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1423-8. [PMID: 25820457 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes were used as a physical model to study the dielectrophoretic response of single-shelled particles at high frequencies. For a typical particle, the single-shelled theoretical model predicts a lower cross-over frequency that depends upon the dielectric properties of the shell and an upper crossover frequency that depends upon the dielectric properties of the interior. Dried liposomes were rehydrated in media with conductivity ranging from 100 to 2000 μS/cm. The high frequency dielectrophoresis response of the liposomes was observed in the range of 1-80 MHz at 30 volts peak-to-peak, and the upper cross-over frequency was recorded. The experimental results closely matched the theoretical expectations. In particular, the upper cross-over frequency ranged from 9 to 60 MHz and was found to depend linearly on the interior conductivity of the liposome. These results further confirm the single-shell model at high-frequencies. Moreover, they suggest liposomes may be a useful model particle for use during the development of dielectrophoresis-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Hadady
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Caroline Montiel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Daniel Wetta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Emil J Geiger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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