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de Moraes NC, Carvalho RM, Ferreira VS, da Silva RAB, de Melo EI, Petroni JM, Lucca BG. Improving the performance and versatility of microfluidic thread electroanalytical devices by automated injection with electronic pipettes: a new and powerful 3D-printed analytical platform. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:461. [PMID: 37926729 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic cotton thread-based electroanalytical devices (μTEDs) are analytical systems with attractive features such as spontaneous passive flow, low cost, minimal waste production, and good sensitivity. Currently, sample injection in µTEDs is performed by hand using manual micropipettes, which have drawbacks such as inconstant speed and position, dependence of skilled analysts, and need of physical effort of operator during prolonged times, leading to poor reproducibility and risk of strain injury. As an alternative to these inconveniences, we propose, for the first time, the use of electronic micropipettes to carry out automated injections in µTEDs. This new approach avoids all disadvantages of manual injections, while also improving the performance, experience, and versatility of µTEDs. The platform developed here is composed by three 3D-printed electrodes (detector) attached to a 3D-printed platform containing an adjustable holder that keeps the electronic pipette in the same x/y/z position. As a proof-of-concept, both injection modes (manual and electronic) were compared using three model analytes (nitrite, paracetamol, and 5-hydroxytryptophan) on µTED with amperometric detection. As result, improved analytical performance (limits of detection between 2.5- and 5-fold lower) was obtained when using electronic injections, as well as better repeatability/reproducibility and higher analytical frequencies. In addition, the determination of paracetamol in urine samples suggested better precision and accuracy for automated injection. Thus, electronic injection is a great advance and changes the state-of-art of µTEDs, mainly considering the use of more modern and versatile electronic pipettes (wider range of pre-programmed modes), which can lead to the development of even more automated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Canhete de Moraes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Rayan Marcel Carvalho
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Valdir Souza Ferreira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | | | - Edmar Isaias de Melo
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo, MG, 38500-000, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Gabriel Lucca
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil.
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de Moraes NC, Daakour RJB, Pedão ER, Ferreira VS, da Silva RAB, Petroni JM, Lucca BG. Electrochemical sensor based on 3D-printed substrate by masked stereolithography (MSLA): a new, cheap, robust and sustainable approach for simple production of analytical platforms. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:312. [PMID: 37470849 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of miniaturized, sustainable and eco-friendly analytical sensors with low production cost is a current trend worldwide. Within this idea, this work presents the innovative use of masked stereolithography (MSLA) 3D-printed substrates for the easy fabrication of pencil-drawn electrochemical sensors (MSLA-3D-PDE). The use of a non-toxic material such as pencil (electrodes) together with a biodegradable 3D printing resin (substrate) allowed the production of devices that are quite cheap (ca. US$ 0.11 per sensor) and with low environmental impact. Compared to paper, which is the most used substrate for manufacturing pencil-drawn electrodes, the MSLA-3D-printed substrate has the advantages of not absorbing water (hydrophobicity) or becoming crinkled and weakened when in contact with solutions. These features provide more reproducible, reliable, stable, and long-lasting sensors. The MSLA-3D-PDE, in conjunction with the custom cell developed, showed excellent robustness and electrochemical performance similar to that observed of the glassy carbon electrode, without the need of any activation procedure. The analytical applicability of this platform was explored through the quantification of omeprazole in pharmaceuticals. A limit of detection (LOD) of 0.72 µmol L-1 was achieved, with a linear range of 10 to 200 µmol L-1. Analysis of real samples provided results that were highly concordant with those obtained by UV-Vis spectrophotometry (relative error ≤ 1.50%). In addition, the greenness of this approach was evaluated and confirmed by a quantitative methodology (Eco-Scale index). Thus, the MSLA-3D-PDE appears as a new and sustainable tool with great potential of use in analytical electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evandro Rodrigo Pedão
- Instituto de Análises Laboratoriais Forenses, Coordenadoria-Geral de Perícias de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Valdir Souza Ferreira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno Gabriel Lucca
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil.
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Carvalho RM, Pedão ER, Roese Guerbas FM, Tronchini MP, Ferreira VS, Petroni JM, Lucca BG. Electrochemical study and forensic electroanalysis of fungicide benzovindiflupyr using disposable graphite pencil electrode. Talanta 2023; 252:123873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Qing LS, Wang TT, Luo HY, Du JL, Wang RY, Luo P. Microfluidic strategies for natural products in drug discovery: Current status and future perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Caroline Nava Pinheiro A, Souza Ferreira V, Gabriel Lucca B. Stamping method based on 3D printing and disposable napkin: Cheap production of paper analytical devices for alcohol determination in beverages aiming forensics and food control. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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3D-printed microfluidic thread device with integrated detector: a green and portable tool for amperometric detection of fungicide benzovindiflupyr in forensic samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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da Silva ENT, Ferreira VS, Lucca BG. Rapid and inexpensive method for the simple fabrication of PDMS‐based electrochemical sensors for detection in microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1322-1330. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Valdir Souza Ferreira
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Bruno Gabriel Lucca
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande MS Brazil
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Sismaet HJ, Goluch ED. Electrochemical Probes of Microbial Community Behavior. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:441-461. [PMID: 29490192 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in next-generation sequencing technology along with decreasing costs now allow the microbial population, or microbiome, of a location to be determined relatively quickly. This research reveals that microbial communities are more diverse and complex than ever imagined. New and specialized instrumentation is required to investigate, with high spatial and temporal resolution, the dynamic biochemical environment that is created by microbes, which allows them to exist in every corner of the Earth. This review describes how electrochemical probes and techniques are being used and optimized to learn about microbial communities. Described approaches include voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy, separation techniques coupled with electrochemical detection, and arrays of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor circuits. Microbial communities also interact with and influence their surroundings; therefore, the review also includes a discussion of how electrochemical probes optimized for microbial analysis are utilized in healthcare diagnostics and environmental monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter J Sismaet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - Edgar D Goluch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Biology, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Natiele Tiago da Silva E, Marques Petroni J, Gabriel Lucca B, Souza Ferreira V. Pencil graphite leads as simple amperometric sensors for microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2733-2740. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Gabriel Lucca
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; São Mateus Brazil
| | - Valdir Souza Ferreira
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul; Campo Grande Brazil
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Davis AN, Travis AR, Miller DR, Cliffel DE. Multianalyte Physiological Microanalytical Devices. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2017; 10:93-111. [PMID: 28605606 PMCID: PMC9235322 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in scientific instrumentation have allowed experimentalists to evaluate well-known systems in new ways and to gain insight into previously unexplored or poorly understood phenomena. Within the growing field of multianalyte physiometry (MAP), microphysiometers are being developed that are capable of electrochemically measuring changes in the concentration of various metabolites in real time. By simultaneously quantifying multiple analytes, these devices have begun to unravel the complex pathways that govern biological responses to ischemia and oxidative stress while contributing to basic scientific discoveries in bioenergetics and neurology. Patients and clinicians have also benefited from the highly translational nature of MAP, and the continued expansion of the repertoire of analytes that can be measured with multianalyte microphysiometers will undoubtedly play a role in the automation and personalization of medicine. This is perhaps most evident with the recent advent of fully integrated noninvasive sensor arrays that can continuously monitor changes in analytes linked to specific disease states and deliver a therapeutic agent as required without the need for patient action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nix Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;
| | - Adam R Travis
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;
| | - Dusty R Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;
| | - David E Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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Suzuki N, Yamashita K, Maeda H, Hashimoto M, Tsukagoshi K. Tube Radial Distribution Chromatography on a Microchip Incorporating Microchannels with a Three-to-One Channel Confluence Point. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:1267-72. [PMID: 26656816 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We developed a capillary chromatography system using a phase-separated solvent mixture as a carrier solution--i.e., a water-hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic solvent mixture--which we call "tube radial distribution chromatography" (TRDC). Here, we attempted to apply the TRDC system to a microchip incorporating microchannels with a double T-junction for injection of analyte solution and a three-to-one, narrow-to-wide channel confluence point for tube radial distribution phenomenon (TRDP) at room temperature. A ternary mixed solvent of water, acetonitrile and ethyl acetate was used as a carrier solution. TRDP in the wide microchannel was examined using various flow rates, temperatures, and component solvent ratios. Successful observation was carried out using a fluorescence microscope-CCD camera. Model analytes perylene (hydrophobic) and Eosin Y (hydrophilic) were separated by flowing through the microchannel, without any treatment such as packed columns or coating, at room temperature (25°C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Doshisha University
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Xu W, Ma C, Bohn PW. Coupling of Independent Electrochemical Reactions and Fluorescence at Closed Bipolar Interdigitated Electrode Arrays. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Chaoxiong Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Paul W. Bohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
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Gowers SAN, Curto VF, Seneci CA, Wang C, Anastasova S, Vadgama P, Yang GZ, Boutelle MG. 3D Printed Microfluidic Device with Integrated Biosensors for Online Analysis of Subcutaneous Human Microdialysate. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7763-70. [PMID: 26070023 PMCID: PMC4526885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
This
work presents the design, fabrication, and characterization
of a robust 3D printed microfluidic analysis system that integrates
with FDA-approved clinical microdialysis probes for continuous monitoring
of human tissue metabolite levels. The microfluidic device incorporates
removable needle type integrated biosensors for glucose and lactate,
which are optimized for high tissue concentrations, housed in novel
3D printed electrode holders. A soft compressible 3D printed elastomer
at the base of the holder ensures a good seal with the microfluidic
chip. Optimization of the channel size significantly improves the
response time of the sensor. As a proof-of-concept study, our microfluidic
device was coupled to lab-built wireless potentiostats and used to
monitor real-time subcutaneous glucose and lactate levels in cyclists
undergoing a training regime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Salzitsa Anastasova
- §School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Pankaj Vadgama
- §School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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Lucca BG, de Lima F, Coltro WKT, Ferreira VS. Electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide on a Pt electrode and its use as amperometric sensor in microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1886-93. [PMID: 25884327 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the development and application of a novel graphene-modified electrode to be used as amperometric sensor in microchip electrophoresis (ME) devices. The modified electrode was achieved based on electroreduction of graphene oxide on an integrated Pt working electrode of a commercial ME device. The surface modification was characterized by SEM and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The results indicated that graphene sheets were successfully deposited exhibiting higher surface conductivity and greater electrode sensitivity. The performance of the modified electrode for the amperometric detection on ME devices has been demonstrated by the separation and detection of an anionic mixture containing iodide and ascorbate. The graphene-modified electrode provided significantly higher sensitivity (896.7 vs. 210.9 pA/μM for iodide and 217.8 vs. 127.8 pA/μM for ascorbate), better separation efficiencies (3400 vs. 700 plates/m for iodide and 10 000 vs. 2400 plates/m for ascorbate), enhanced peak resolutions (1.6 vs. 1.0), and LODs (1.5 vs. 5.3 μM for iodide and 3.1 vs. 7.3 μM for ascorbate) in comparison with the unmodified Pt electrode. The proposed amperometric sensor was successfully applied for the analysis of ascorbic acid (through its anionic form) in a commercial medicine sample, and the results achieved were in agreement with the value provided by the supplier. Based on the data here presented, the modified graphene electrode shows great promise for ME applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gabriel Lucca
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Lima
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Valdir Souza Ferreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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