1
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Kim H, Jeen T, Tran MV, Algar WR. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of semiconductor quantum dots and their bioconjugates: materials characterization and physical insights from spectrofluorimetric detection. Analyst 2019; 143:1104-1116. [PMID: 29387848 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor quantum dot (QD) nanocrystals have ideal fluorescence properties for bioanalysis and bioimaging, but these materials must be functionalized with an inorganic shell, organic ligand or polymer coating, and conjugated with biomolecules to be useful in such applications. Several different analytical techniques are used to characterize QDs and their multiple layers of functionalization. Here, we revisit poly(acrylamide) gel electrophoresis (PAGE), which has been scarcely used for the characterization of QDs and their bioconjugates in deference to the routine use of agarose gel electrophoresis. We implemented PAGE in a novel "stubby" capillary format with spectrofluorimetric detection, the combination of which enabled more rapid and more detailed characterization of QDs than was possible with both poly(acrylamide) and agarose slab gels. Correlations between the peak photoluminescence (PL) emission wavelength and electropherogram peaks, especially when combined with Ferguson analysis, provided new and significant insight into the key factors that determine the electrophoretic mobility of QDs, and helped to resolve heterogeneity and sub-populations in ensembles of QDs. The method was useful for characterization of the inorganic core/shell nanocrystals, their organic ligand and polymer coatings, and their final bioconjugates, the latter of which were in the form of peptide and protein conjugates. With further development and optimization, we anticipate that capillary PAGE with spectrofluorimetric detection will become a valuable addition to the toolbox of characterization techniques suitable for QDs, their bioconjugates, and other nanoparticle materials as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungki Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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2
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Profiling of nanoparticle–protein interactions by electrophoresis techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:79-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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3
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Vaneckova T, Smerkova K, Zitka J, Hynek D, Zitka O, Hlavacek A, Foret F, Adam V, Vaculovicova M. Upconversion nanoparticle bioconjugates characterized by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2246-2252. [PMID: 29882600 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are an emerging class of optical materials with high potential in bioimaging due to practically no background signal and high penetration depth. Their excellent optical properties and easy surface functionalization make them perfect for conjugation with targeting ligands. In this work, capillary electrophoretic (CE) method with laser-induced fluorescence detection was used to investigate the behavior of carboxyl-silica-coated UCNPs. Folic acid, targeting folate receptor overexpressed by wide variety of cancer cells, was used for illustrative purposes and assessed by CE under optimized conditions. Peptide-mediated bioconjugation of antibodies to UCNPs was also investigated. Despite the numerous advantages of CE, this is the first time that CE was employed for characterization of UCNPs and their bioconjugates. The separation conditions were optimized including the background electrolyte concentration and pH. The optimized electrolyte was 20 mM borate buffer with pH 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Vaneckova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Smerkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Hynek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Hlavacek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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4
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Voeten RLC, Ventouri IK, Haselberg R, Somsen GW. Capillary Electrophoresis: Trends and Recent Advances. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1464-1481. [PMID: 29298038 PMCID: PMC5994730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L C Voeten
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,TI-COAST , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iro K Ventouri
- TI-COAST , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Analytical Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Haselberg
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Adam V, Vaculovicova M. Capillary electrophoresis and nanomaterials - Part I: Capillary electrophoresis of nanomaterials. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2389-2404. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
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6
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Aleksenko SS, Matczuk M, Timerbaev AR. Characterization of interactions of metal-containing nanoparticles with biomolecules by CE: An update (2012-2016). Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1661-1668. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana S. Aleksenko
- Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems; Saratov State University; Russian Federation
| | - Magdalena Matczuk
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrei R. Timerbaev
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Warsaw Poland
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Moscow Russian Federation
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7
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Carrillo-Carrion C, Carril M, Parak WJ. Techniques for the experimental investigation of the protein corona. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 46:106-113. [PMID: 28301820 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to its enormous relevance the corona formation of adsorbed proteins around nanoparticles is widely investigated. A comparison of different experimental techniques is given. Direct measurements of proteins, such as typically performed with mass spectrometry, will be compared with indirect analysis, in which instead information about the protein corona is gathered from changes in the properties of the nanoparticles. The type of measurement determines also whether before analysis purification from unbound excess proteins is necessary, which may change the equilibrium, or if measurements can be performed in situ without required purification. Pros and contras of the different methods will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Carril
- CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Spain; Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Qin H, Jiang X, Fan J, Wang J, Liu L, Qiu L, Wang J, Jiang P. Investigation of the weak binding of a tetrahistidine-tagged peptide to quantum dots by using capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:567-573. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Qin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Engineering; Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering; Changzhou Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Xiyuan Jiang
- Kunshan affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Kunshan Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Jie Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Jianpeng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Pengju Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai P.R. China
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9
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Trapiella-Alfonso L, Ramírez-García G, d'Orlyé F, Varenne A. Electromigration separation methodologies for the characterization of nanoparticles and the evaluation of their behaviour in biological systems. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Recent applications of capillary electromigration methods to separation and analysis of proteins. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 933:23-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Hühn J, Fedeli C, Zhang Q, Masood A, del Pino P, Khashab NM, Papini E, Parak WJ. Dissociation coefficients of protein adsorption to nanoparticles as quantitative metrics for description of the protein corona: A comparison of experimental techniques and methodological relevance. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 75:148-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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12
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Wang J, Qin Y, Qin H, Liu L, Ding S, Teng Y, Ji J, Qiu L, Jiang P. Simultaneous detection of assembly and disassembly of multivalent HA tag and anti-HA antibody in single in-capillary assay. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2163-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yuqin Qin
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Changzhou University; Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Haifang Qin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Engineering; Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering; Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Shumin Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yiwan Teng
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Junling Ji
- Changzhou Meisheng Biomaterials Co., Ltd; Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Jiangsu P. R. China
- Changzhou Meisheng Biomaterials Co., Ltd; Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Pengju Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Jiangsu P. R. China
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13
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Wang J, Li J, Wang J, Liu L, Li J, Qin H, Ding S, Fu M, Ji J, Jiang P, Qiu L. Simultaneous monitoring of quantum dots and their assembly and disassembly with PreScission protease using capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1785-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jinchen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jianpeng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jinping Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Haifang Qin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Engineering; Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Shumin Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Minli Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Junling Ji
- Changzhou Meisheng Biomaterials Co., Ltd; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Pengju Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
- Changzhou Meisheng Biomaterials Co., Ltd; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Nanjing University; Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
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14
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Trapiella-Alfonso L, d’Orlyé F, Varenne A. Recent advances in the development of capillary electrophoresis methodologies for optimizing, controlling, and characterizing the synthesis, functionalization, and physicochemical, properties of nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2669-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Wang J, Li J, Zhang C, Fan J, Yang L, Gu Y, Liu F, Wang C, Dong B, Qiu L, Jiang P. In-capillary probing QDs and HAT tag self-assembly and displacement using Förster resonance energy transfer. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2636-2641. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jinchen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jie Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yaqin Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Feifei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Cheli Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Bingyu Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Pengju Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
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