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Smolkova D, Moravcova D, Lavicka J. Evaluation of solid-phase extraction sorbents for purification of oligosaccharides and glycans derivatized by positively charged labels followed by capillary electrophoretic analysis. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300705. [PMID: 38095448 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The sample preparation including labeling and clean-up represents a key analytical step in the analysis of oligosaccharides and glycans by either chromatographic or electrophoretic separation methods. Although the majority of labeling has been performed by neutral and/or negatively charged tags, the introduction of a positive charge into the saccharide molecule can significantly improve the analysis, especially with mass spectrometry detection. In this work, we present the evaluation of five solid-phase extraction sorbents differing in extraction chemistry for the clean-up and concentration of positively labeled maltooligosaccharides from the reaction mixtures. Maltooligosaccharides containing four to seven glucose units were labeled by cationic tags (2-aminoethyl)trimethylammonium chloride and (carboxymethyl)trimethylammonium chloride hydrazide and the extraction conditions were optimized followed by electrophoretic analysis with conductivity detection. The effects of the solid-phase extraction sorbent chemistry, extraction conditions, and sample composition are discussed. All tested sorbents were capable of cleaning up maltooligosaccharides from the reaction mixtures to some extent after optimization of the solid-phase extraction procedure (51.9%-98.9% recovery). The best-rated amide-based sorbent was used to process the sample of N-linked glycans enzymatically released from ribonuclease B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Smolkova
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Moravcova
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Lavicka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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2
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Krenkova J, Foret F. Microfabricated Liquid Junction Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry Interface. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2531:61-68. [PMID: 35941478 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2493-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coupling of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with mass spectrometry (MS) represents a powerful combination for performing rapid, efficient, and sensitive analysis of a variety of compounds. Here we describe a construction, operation, and application of a microfabricated liquid junction CE-MS interface. The interface is designed as a microfabricated unit with an integrated liquid junction and electrospray tip made from polyimide, which is positioned in a plastic connection block securing the separation CE capillary and attachable to the CE instrument. The application was demonstrated by CE-MS analysis of dextran oligomers labeled by (2-aminoethyl)trimethylammonium (AETMA) salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krenkova
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Kuzyk VO, Somsen GW, Haselberg R. CE-MS for Proteomics and Intact Protein Analysis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1336:51-86. [PMID: 34628627 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77252-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This chapter aims to explore various parameters involved in achieving high-end capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) analysis of proteins, peptides, and their posttranslational modifications. The structure of the topics discussed in this book chapter is conveniently mapped on the scheme of the CE-MS system itself, starting from sample preconcentration and injection techniques and finishing with mass analyzer considerations. After going through the technical considerations, a variety of relevant applications for this analytical approach are presented, including posttranslational modifications analysis, clinical biomarker discovery, and its growing use in the biotechnological industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriia O Kuzyk
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS: Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS: Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Haselberg
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS: Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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4
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Advances in capillary electrophoresis for the life sciences. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1118-1119:116-136. [PMID: 31035134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) played an important role in developments in the life sciences. The technique is nowadays used for the analysis of both large and small molecules in applications where it performs better than or is complementary to liquid chromatographic techniques. In this review, principles of different electromigration techniques, especially capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF), capillary gel (CGE) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), are described and recent developments in instrumentation, with an emphasis on mass spectrometry (MS) coupling and microchip CE, are discussed. The role of CE in the life sciences is shown with applications in which it had a high impact over the past few decades. In this context, current practice for the characterization of biopharmaceuticals (therapeutic proteins) is shown with CIEF, CGE and CZE using different detection techniques, including MS. Subsequently, the application of CGE and CZE, in combination with laser induced fluorescence detection and CZE-MS are demonstrated for the analysis of protein-released glycans in the characterization of biopharmaceuticals and glycan biomarker discovery in biological samples. Special attention is paid to developments in capillary coatings and derivatization strategies for glycans. Finally, routine CE analysis in clinical chemistry and latest developments in metabolomics approaches for the profiling of small molecules in biological samples are discussed. The large number of CE applications published for these topics in recent years clearly demonstrates the established role of CE in life sciences.
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Nyssen L, Fillet M, Cavalier E, Servais A. Highly sensitive and selective separation of intact parathyroid hormone and variants by sheathless CE‐ESI‐MS/MS. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1550-1557. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Nyssen
- Department of Clinical ChemistryCenter for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM)University of Liège Liège Belgium
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM)Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM)University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM)Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM)University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical ChemistryCenter for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM)University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Anne‐Catherine Servais
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM)Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM)University of Liège Liège Belgium
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6
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Krenkova J, Kleparnik K, Luksch J, Foret F. Microfabricated liquid junction hybrid capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry interface for fully automated operation. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2263-2270. [PMID: 30794321 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
One of the challenging instrumental aspects in coupling an automated CE instrument with ESI mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is finding the balance between the stability, reproducibility and sensitivity of the analysis and compatibility with the standard CE instrumentation. Here, we present a development of a new liquid junction based electrospray interface for automated CE-MS, with a focus on the technical design followed by computer modeling of transport conditions as well as characterization of basic performance of the interface. This hybrid arrangement designed as a microfabricated unit attachable to the automated CE instrument allows using of a wide range of separation capillaries with respect to their diameter, length or internal coating (e.g., for suppressed electroosmotic flow). Different compositions of the ESI liquid and background electrolyte solutions can be used if needed. The microfabricated part, prepared by laser machining from polyimide, includes a self-aligning liquid junction, a short transport channel, and a pointed sprayer for the electrospray ionization. This microfabricated part is positioned in a plastic connection block securing the separation capillary and flushing ports. Transport conditions were modelled using computer simulation and the real life performance of the interface was compared to that of a commercial sheath liquid interface. The basic performance of the interface was demonstrated by separations of peptides, proteins, and oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krenkova
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Kleparnik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Luksch
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip electrophoresis in proteomics and peptidomics (2015-mid 2018). J Sep Sci 2018; 42:398-414. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sille Štěpánová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague 6 Czechia
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague 6 Czechia
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Týčová A, Klepárník K. Combination of liquid-based column separations with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:431-444. [PMID: 30267463 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a constantly developing analytical method providing not only high-sensitive quantitative but also qualitative information on an analyte. Thus, it is reasonable that it has been tested as a promising detection method in column separations. Although its implementation in analytical separations is not widespread, some surprising results, like enormous signal enhancement and demonstrations of single-molecule identifications, proved in only a few special examples, indicate the potential of the method. The high detection sensitivity and selectivity would be of paramount importance in trace analyses of biologically relevant molecules in complex matrices. However, the combination of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with column separation methods brings two principal issues. Interactions of analytes with metal substrates can cause deteriorations of separations and the detection can be affected by background electrolytes or elution agents. Thus, in principle, this review is on the experimental and methodological solutions to these problems. First, theoretical and practical aspects of Raman scattering, and excitation of surface plasmon in colloid suspensions of nanoparticles and on planar nanostructured substrates are briefly explained. Advances in experimental arrangements of on-line and at-line couplings with column liquid phase separation methods, including microfluidic devices, are described together with chosen analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Týčová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Klepárník
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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9
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Characterization of a nanoflow sheath liquid interface and comparison to a sheath liquid and a sheathless porous-tip interface for CE-ESI-MS in positive and negative ionization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5265-5275. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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González-Ruiz V, Codesido S, Rudaz S, Schappler J. Evolution in the design of a low sheath-flow interface for CE-MS and application to biological samples. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:853-861. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor González-Ruiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva; University of Lausanne; Geneva Switzerland
| | | | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva; University of Lausanne; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Julie Schappler
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva; University of Lausanne; Geneva Switzerland
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11
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Jiang Y, He MY, Zhang WJ, Luo P, Guo D, Fang X, Xu W. Recent advances of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry instrumentation and methodology. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Týčová A, Ledvina V, Klepárník K. Recent advances in CE-MS coupling: Instrumentation, methodology, and applications. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:115-134. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Týčová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Ledvina
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Karel Klepárník
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
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13
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Tycova A, Vido M, Kovarikova P, Foret F. Interface-free capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry system with nanospray ionization—Analysis of dexrazoxane in blood plasma. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1466:173-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Tycova A, Prikryl J, Foret F. Reproducible preparation of nanospray tips for capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry using 3D printed grinding device. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:924-30. [PMID: 26626777 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of high quality fused silica capillary nanospray tips is critical for obtaining reliable and reproducible electrospray/MS data; however, reproducible laboratory preparation of such tips is a challenging task. In this work, we report on the design and construction of low-cost grinding device assembled from 3D printed and commercially easily available components. Detailed description and characterization of the grinding device is complemented by freely accessible files in stl and skp format allowing easy laboratory replication of the device. The process of sharpening is aimed at achieving maximal symmetricity, surface smoothness and repeatability of the conus shape. Moreover, the presented grinding device brings possibility to fabricate the nanospray tips of desired dimensions regardless of the commercial availability. On several samples of biological nature (reserpine, rabbit plasma, and the mixture of three aminoacids), performance of fabricated tips is shown on CE coupled to MS analysis. The special interest is paid to the effect of tip sharpness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tycova
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prikryl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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