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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Determination of physicochemical parameters of (bio)molecules and (bio)particles by capillary electromigration methods. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400174. [PMID: 38867483 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The review provides an overview of recent developments and applications of capillary electromigration (CE) methods for the determination of important physicochemical parameters of various (bio)molecules and (bio)particles. These parameters include actual and limiting (absolute) ionic mobilities, effective electrophoretic mobilities, effective charges, isoelectric points, electrokinetic potentials, hydrodynamic radii, diffusion coefficients, relative molecular masses, acidity (ionization) constants, binding constants and stoichiometry of (bio)molecular complexes, changes of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy and rate constants of chemical reactions and interactions, retention factors and partition and distribution coefficients. For the determination of these parameters, the following CE methods are employed: zone electrophoresis in a free solution or in sieving media, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography. In the individual sections, the procedures for the determination of the above parameters by the particular CE methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sille Štěpánová
- Electromigration methods, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Electromigration methods, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Roca S, Dhellemmes L, Leclercq L, Cottet H. Polyelectrolyte Multilayers in Capillary Electrophoresis. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200028. [PMID: 35388990 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been proven to be a performant analytical method to analyze both small and macro molecules. Indeed, it is capable of separating compounds of the same nature according to differences in their charge to size ratios, particularly proteins, monoclonal antibodies and peptides. However, one of the major obstacles to reach high separation efficiency remains the adsorption of solutes on the capillary wall. Among the different coating approaches used to control and minimize solute adsorption, polyelectrolyte multilayers can be applied to CE as a versatile approach. These coatings are made up of alternating layers of polycations and polyanions, and may be used in acidic, neutral or basic conditions depending on the solutes to be analyzed. This Review provides an overview of Successive Multiple Ionic-polymer Layer (SMIL) coatings used in CE, looking at how different parameters induce variations on the electro-osmotic flow (EOF), separation efficiency and coating stability, as well as their promising applications in the biopharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Roca
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Dhellemmes
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Leclercq
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Cottet
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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Luo F, Guo Z, Cao C, Fan L, Zhang W. [Determination of absolute mobility and dissociation constant of lovastatin using capillary electrophoresis and empirical equation of ion mobility]. Se Pu 2021; 39:1362-1367. [PMID: 34812009 PMCID: PMC9404114 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
作为一种可以预防动脉粥样硬化和冠心病的潜在药物洛伐他汀,其绝对淌度m0和解离常数pKa值的测定有助于其性质与应用的研究。在前期相关研究基础上,该文提出了一种基于毛细管区带电泳(CZE)和离子淌度经验公式测定洛伐他汀m0和pKa的新方法。首先,根据经验公式由实际淌度(mact)、有效淌度(meff)和m0之间的关系推导出m0的计算公式。对于一元酸HA,根据之前m0的计算公式,以氢离子的浓度为自变量,meff的倒数为因变量可得到一条直线。根据这条直线的斜率计算得到pKa。为了验证该方法的可行性和可靠性,应用该方法测定了巴比妥酸、苯甲酸、苄胺、苯酚、间甲酚等有机酸碱的m0和pKa值。同时,对于pH值低于6的缓冲体系,采用反向毛细管电泳技术,测定其pKa,并将测得的实验结果与理论参考值进行对比,发现两者具有较高的一致性,m0的标准偏差小于6.0%, pKa的标准偏差小于6.2%,且由线性回归方程的相关系数(R)可以看出测定pKa时的线性回归直线拟合度较好,说明该文建立的新方法具有较高的可靠性。最后基于这种CZE与经验公式结合的新方法,采用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)作为电渗流标记物测定了洛伐他汀的m0和pKa,得到的值分别为-1.70×10-8 m2/(V·s)和9.00。该方法适用于酸性和碱性分析物m0和pKa等理化参数的测定,在药物分析尤其是新药理化特性研究中具有重要意义。
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zehua Guo
- School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengxi Cao
- School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liuyin Fan
- Student Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Šolínová V, Sázelová P, Mášová A, Jiráček J, Kašička V. Application of Capillary and Free-Flow Zone Electrophoresis for Analysis and Purification of Antimicrobial β-Alanyl-Tyrosine from Hemolymph of Fleshfly Neobellieria bullata. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185636. [PMID: 34577107 PMCID: PMC8469924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of a growing resistance of bacteria and other microorganisms to conventional antibiotics gave rise to a search for new potent antimicrobial agents. Insect antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) seem to be promising novel potential anti-infective therapeutics. The dipeptide β-alanyl-tyrosine (β-Ala-Tyr) is one of the endogenous insect toxins exhibiting antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Prior to testing its other antimicrobial activities, it has to be prepared in a pure form. In this study, we have developed a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for analysis of β-Ala-Tyr isolated from the extract of the hemolymph of larvae of the fleshfly Neobellieria bullata by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Based on our previously described correlation between CZE and free-flow zone electrophoresis (FFZE), analytical CZE separation of β-Ala-Tyr and its admixtures have been converted into preparative purification of β-Ala-Tyr by FFZE with preparative capacity of 45.5 mg per hour. The high purity degree of the β-Ala-Tyr obtained by FFZE fractionation was confirmed by its subsequent CZE analysis.
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Sursyakova VV, Levdansky VA, Rubaylo AI. Determination of binding constants for strong complexation by affinity capillary electrophoresis: the example of complexes of ester betulin derivatives with (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5615-5625. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2017–mid 2019). Electrophoresis 2019; 41:10-35. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of Sciences Prague 6 Czechia
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Malý M, Boublík M, Pocrnić M, Ansorge M, Lorinčíková K, Svobodová J, Hruška V, Dubský P, Gaš B. Determination of thermodynamic acidity constants and limiting ionic mobilities of weak electrolytes by capillary electrophoresis using a new free software AnglerFish. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:493-501. [PMID: 31651992 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thermodynamic acidity constants (acid or acid-base dissociation constants, sometimes called also as ionization constants) and limiting ionic mobilities (both of them at defined temperature, usually 25°C) are the fundamental physicochemical characteristics of a weak electrolyte, that is, weak acid or weak base or ampholyte. We introduce a novel method for determining the data of a weak electrolyte by the nonlinear regression of effective electrophoretic mobility versus buffer composition dependence when measured in a set of BGEs with various pH. To correct the experimental data for zero ionic strength we use the extended Debye-Hückel model and Onsager-Fuoss law with no simplifications. Contrary to contemporary approaches, the nonlinear regression is performed on limiting mobility data calculated by PeakMaster's correction engine, not on the raw experimental mobility data. Therefore, there is no requirement to perform all measurements at a constant ionic strength of the set of BGEs. We devised the computer program AnglerFish that performs the necessary calculations in a user-friendly fashion. All thermodynamic pKa values and limiting electrophoretic mobilities for arbitrarily charged substances having any number of ionic forms are calculated by one fit. The user input consists of the buffer composition of the set of BGEs and experimentally measured effective mobilities of the inspected weak electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Malý
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Boublík
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marijana Pocrnić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin Ansorge
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Lorinčíková
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Svobodová
- Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Liquid Phase Separations Division, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Vlastimil Hruška
- Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Liquid Phase Separations Division, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Pavel Dubský
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Gaš
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2015-mid 2017). Electrophoresis 2017; 39:209-234. [PMID: 28836681 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review brings a comprehensive overview of recent developments and applications of high performance capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) to analysis, microscale isolation, purification, and physicochemical and biochemical characterization of peptides in the years 2015, 2016, and ca. up to the middle of 2017. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides and in the methodology of their analysis (sample preseparation, preconcentration and derivatization, adsorption suppression and EOF control, and detection) are described. New developments in particular CE and CEC methods are presented and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are reported: qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex (bio)matrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid, sequence and chiral analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some micropreparative peptide separations are shown and capabilities of CE and CEC methods to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Tůmová T, Monincová L, Nešuta O, Čeřovský V, Kašička V. Determination of effective charges and ionic mobilities of polycationic antimicrobial peptides by capillary isotachophoresis and capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2018-2024. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Tůmová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology; University of Chemistry and Technology Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Monincová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Nešuta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology; University of Chemistry and Technology Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Václav Čeřovský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
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