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Ovbude ST, Sharmeen S, Kyei I, Olupathage H, Jones J, Bell RJ, Powers R, Hage DS. Applications of chromatographic methods in metabolomics: A review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1239:124124. [PMID: 38640794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Chromatography is a robust and reliable separation method that can use various stationary phases to separate complex mixtures commonly seen in metabolomics. This review examines the types of chromatography and stationary phases that have been used in targeted or untargeted metabolomics with methods such as mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. General considerations for sample pretreatment and separations in metabolomics are considered, along with the various supports and separation formats for chromatography that have been used in such work. The types of liquid chromatography (LC) that have been most extensively used in metabolomics will be examined, such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography. In addition, other forms of LC that have been used in more limited applications for metabolomics (e.g., ion-exchange, size-exclusion, and affinity methods) will be discussed to illustrate how these techniques may be utilized for new and future research in this field. Multidimensional LC methods are also discussed, as well as the use of gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography in metabolomics. In addition, the roles of chromatography in NMR- vs. MS-based metabolomics are considered. Applications are given within the field of metabolomics for each type of chromatography, along with potential advantages or limitations of these separation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan T Ovbude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Sadia Sharmeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Isaac Kyei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Harshana Olupathage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Jacob Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Richard J Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA; Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
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Basov NV, Rogachev AD, Aleshkova MA, Gaisler EV, Sotnikova YS, Patrushev YV, Tolstikova TG, Yarovaya OI, Pokrovsky AG, Salakhutdinov NF. Global LC-MS/MS targeted metabolomics using a combination of HILIC and RP LC separation modes on an organic monolithic column based on 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole. Talanta 2024; 267:125168. [PMID: 37708770 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents an LC-MS/MS-based approach to targeted screening of both polar and non-polar metabolites using a synthesized monolithic column which is a copolymer of styrene, divinylbenzene, and 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole. It was shown that this column in combination with eluents 20 mM (NH4)2CO3 + NH3 (pH = 9.8, eluent A) and ACN (eluent B) allows for separation of metabolites of different nature in two modes, HILIC and RP LC, and these methods are mutually complementary. A combination of analyses based on these two modes was proposed, allowing detection of about 400 metabolites in a total time of less than 30 min. Comparison of the developed method with those utilizing commercially available columns with sorbents of various types showed that it could provide a broader metabolite coverage. Using the developed approach, metabolomic screening of dried blood spots samples of mice exposed with X-ray was performed, and metabolites that could be considered as possible markers of irradiation exposure and organ tissue damage were detected. Analysis of marker metabolites revealed metabolic pathways that were altered by radiation exposure. Comparison of the results with literature data showed the effectiveness of the developed metabolomic screening approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Basov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str., 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Artem D Rogachev
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str., 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Maria A Aleshkova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str., 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Gaisler
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str., 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yulia S Sotnikova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str., 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 5, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yuri V Patrushev
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str., 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 5, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana G Tolstikova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str., 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga I Yarovaya
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str., 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey G Pokrovsky
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str., 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str., 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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3
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Orlandi C, Jacques C, Duplan H, Debrauwer L, Jamin EL. Miniaturized Two-Dimensional Heart Cutting for LC-MS-Based Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2822-2831. [PMID: 36715352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics usually combines hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and reversed-phase (RP) chromatography to cover a wide range of metabolomes, requiring both significant sample consumption and analysis time for separate workflows. We developed an integrated workflow enabling the coverage of both polar and nonpolar metabolites with only one injection of the sample for each ionization mode using heart-cutting trapping to combine HILIC and RP separations. This approach enables the trapping of some compounds eluted from the first chromatographic dimension for separation later in the second dimension. In our case, we applied heart-cutting to non-retained metabolites in the first dimension. For that purpose, two independent miniaturized one-dimensional HILIC and RP methods were developed by optimizing the chromatographic and ionization conditions using columns with an inner diameter of 1 mm. They were then merged into one two-dimensional micro LC-MS method by optimization of the trapping conditions. Equilibration of the HILIC column during elution on the RP column and vice versa reduced the overall analysis time, and the multidimensionality allows us to avoid signal measurements during the solvent front. To demonstrate the benefits of this approach to metabolomics, it was applied to the analysis of the human plasma standard reference material SRM 1950, enabling the detection of hundreds of metabolites without the significant loss of some of them while requiring an injection volume of only 0.5 μL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Orlandi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE UMR 1331, Paul Sabatier University (UPS), ENVT, INP-Purpan, Toulouse 31062, France.,MetaboHUB-Metatoul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Metatoul-AXIOM, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Carine Jacques
- R&D Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique et Personal Care, Toulouse 31035, France
| | - Hélène Duplan
- R&D Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique et Personal Care, Toulouse 31035, France
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE UMR 1331, Paul Sabatier University (UPS), ENVT, INP-Purpan, Toulouse 31062, France.,MetaboHUB-Metatoul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Metatoul-AXIOM, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Emilien L Jamin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE UMR 1331, Paul Sabatier University (UPS), ENVT, INP-Purpan, Toulouse 31062, France.,MetaboHUB-Metatoul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Metatoul-AXIOM, Toulouse 31077, France
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Harrieder EM, Kretschmer F, Böcker S, Witting M. Current state-of-the-art of separation methods used in LC-MS based metabolomics and lipidomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1188:123069. [PMID: 34879285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics deals with the large-scale analysis of metabolites, belonging to numerous compound classes and showing an extremely high chemical diversity and complexity. Lipidomics, being a subcategory of metabolomics, analyzes the cellular lipid species. Both require state-of-the-art analytical methods capable of accessing the underlying chemical complexity. One of the major techniques used for the analysis of metabolites and lipids is Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), offering both different selectivities in LC separation and high sensitivity in MS detection. Chromatography can be divided into different modes, based on the properties of the employed separation system. The most popular ones are Reversed-Phase (RP) separation for non- to mid-polar molecules and Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) for polar molecules. So far, no single analysis method exists that can cover the entire range of metabolites or lipids, due to the huge chemical diversity. Consequently, different separation methods have been used for different applications and research questions. In this review, we explore the current use of LC-MS in metabolomics and lipidomics. As a proxy, we examined the use of chromatographic methods in the public repositories EBI MetaboLights and NIH Metabolomics Workbench. We extracted 1484 method descriptions, collected separation metadata and generated an overview on the current use of columns, eluents, etc. Based on this overview, we reviewed current practices and identified potential future trends as well as required improvements that may allow us to increase metabolite coverage, throughput or both simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Harrieder
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fleming Kretschmer
- Chair of Bioinformatics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Böcker
- Chair of Bioinformatics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Witting
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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5
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Bertić M, Schroeder H, Kersten B, Fladung M, Orgel F, Buegger F, Schnitzler JP, Ghirardo A. European oak chemical diversity - from ecotypes to herbivore resistance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:818-834. [PMID: 34240433 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing insect pressure and forcing plants to adapt. Although chemotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity in spatially separated tree populations are known for decades, understanding their importance in herbivory resistance across forests remains challenging. We studied four oak forest stands in Germany using nontarget metabolomics, elemental analysis, and chemometrics and mapped the leaf metabolome of herbivore-resistant (T-) and herbivore-susceptible (S-) European oaks (Quercus robur) to Tortrix viridana, an oak pest that causes severe forest defoliation. Among the detected metabolites, we identified reliable metabolic biomarkers to distinguish S- and T-oak trees. Chemotypic differentiation resulted in metabolic shifts of primary and secondary leaf metabolism. Across forests, T-oaks allocate resources towards constitutive chemical defense enriched of polyphenolic compounds, e.g. the flavonoids kaempferol, kaempferol and quercetin glucosides, while S-oaks towards growth-promoting substances such as carbohydrates and amino-acid derivatives. This extensive work across natural forests shows that oaks' resistance and susceptibility to herbivory are linked to growth-defense trade-offs of leaf metabolism. The discovery of biomarkers and the developed predictive model pave the way to understand Quercus robur's susceptibility to herbivore attack and to support forest management, contributing to the preservation of oak forests in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Bertić
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hilke Schroeder
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstrasse 2, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Kersten
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstrasse 2, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Fladung
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstrasse 2, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Orgel
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstrasse 2, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Franz Buegger
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (BIOP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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An assessment of quality assurance/quality control efforts in high resolution mass spectrometry non-target workflows for analysis of environmental samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wahman R, Graßmann J, Sauvêtre A, Schröder P, Letzel T. Lemna minor studies under various storage periods using extended-polarity extraction and metabolite non-target screening analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 188:113362. [PMID: 32526623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant metabolomic studies cover a broad band of compounds, including various functional groups with different polarities and other physiochemical properties. For this reason, specific optimized methods are needed in order to enable efficient and non-destructive extraction of molecules over a large range of LogD values. This study presents a simple and efficient extraction procedure for Lemna minor samples demonstrating polarity extension of the molecular range. The Lemna samples chosen were kept under the following storage conditions: 1) fresh, 2) stored for a few days at -80 °C, and 3) stored for 6 months at -80 °C. The samples were extracted using five specifically chosen solvents: 100 % ethanol, 100 % methanol (MeOH), acidic 90 % MeOH (MeOH-water-formic acid (FAC) (90:9.5:0.5, v/v/v), MeOH-water (50:50, v/v), and 100 % water. The final extraction procedure was conducted subject to three solvent conditions, and the subsequent polarity-extended analysis was applied for Lemna minor samples using RPLC-HILIC-ESI-TOF-MS. The extraction yield is in descending order (acidic 90 % MeOH), 50 % MeOH, 100 % water and 100 % MeOH. The results displayed significant molecular differences, both in the extracts investigated and in the fresh Lemna samples, compared to stored samples, in terms of the extraction yield and reducing contents as well as the number of features. The storage of Lemna minor resulted in changes to the fingerprint of its metabolites as the reducing contents increased. The comparisons enable a direct view of molecule characterizations, in terms of their polarity, molecular mass, and signal intensity. This parametric information would appear ideal for further statistical data analysis. Consequently, the extraction procedure and the analysis/data evaluation are highly suitable for the so-called extended-polarity non-target screening procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rofida Wahman
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Johanna Graßmann
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Andrés Sauvêtre
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Centrum Munich, Ingolstädter Street 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schröder
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Centrum Munich, Ingolstädter Street 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Letzel
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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Hemmler D, Gonsior M, Powers LC, Marshall JW, Rychlik M, Taylor AJ, Schmitt‐Kopplin P. Simulated Sunlight Selectively Modifies Maillard Reaction Products in a Wide Array of Chemical Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:13208-13217. [PMID: 31314140 PMCID: PMC6856810 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical transformation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) under simulated sunlight into mostly unexplored photoproducts is reported herein. Non-enzymatic glycation of amino acids leads to a heterogeneous class of intermediates with extreme chemical diversity, which is of particular relevance in processed and stored food products as well as in diabetic and age-related protein damage. Here, three amino acids (lysine, arginine, and histidine) were reacted with ribose at 100 °C in water for ten hours. Exposing these model systems to simulated sunlight led to a fast decay of MRPs. The photodegradation of MRPs and the formation of new compounds have been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and nontargeted (ultra)high-resolution mass spectrometry. Photoreactions showed strong selectivity towards the degradation of electron-rich aromatic heterocycles, such as pyrroles and pyrimidines. The data show that oxidative cleavage mechanisms dominate the formation of photoproducts. The photochemical transformations differed fundamentally from "traditional" thermal Maillard reactions and indicated a high amino acid specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hemmler
- Comprehensive Foodomics Platform, Analytical Food ChemistryTechnical University MunichMaximus-von-Imhof-Forum 285354FreisingGermany
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry (BGC)Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenIngolstädter Landstrasse 185764NeuherbergGermany
| | - Michael Gonsior
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceChesapeake Biological LaboratorySolomonsUSA
| | - Leanne C. Powers
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceChesapeake Biological LaboratorySolomonsUSA
| | - James W. Marshall
- The Waltham Centre for Pet NutritionMars Petcare (UK)Waltham-on-the-WoldsLeicestershireLE14 4RTUK
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Comprehensive Foodomics Platform, Analytical Food ChemistryTechnical University MunichMaximus-von-Imhof-Forum 285354FreisingGermany
| | - Andrew J. Taylor
- The Waltham Centre for Pet NutritionMars Petcare (UK)Waltham-on-the-WoldsLeicestershireLE14 4RTUK
| | - Philippe Schmitt‐Kopplin
- Comprehensive Foodomics Platform, Analytical Food ChemistryTechnical University MunichMaximus-von-Imhof-Forum 285354FreisingGermany
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry (BGC)Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenIngolstädter Landstrasse 185764NeuherbergGermany
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceChesapeake Biological LaboratorySolomonsUSA
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9
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Multichannel separation device with parallel electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1610:460537. [PMID: 31537305 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A device with four parallel channels was designed and manufactured by 3D printing in titanium. A simple experimental setup allowed splitting of the mobile phase in four parallel streams, such that a single sample could be analysed four times simultaneously. The four capillary channels were filled with a monolithic stationary phase, prepared using a zwitterionic functional monomer in combination with various dimethacrylate cross-linkers. The resulting stationary phases were applicable in both reversed-phase and hydrophilic-interaction retention mechanisms. The mobile-phase composition was optimized by means of a window diagram so as to obtain the highest possible resolution of dopamine precursors and metabolites on all columns. Miniaturized electrochemical detectors with carbon fibres as working electrodes and silver micro-wires as reference electrodes were integrated in the device at the end of each column. Experimental separations were successfully compared with those predicted by a three-parameter retention model. Finally, dopamine was determined in human urine to further confirm applicability of the developed device.
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Haslauer KE, Hemmler D, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Heinzmann SS. Guidelines for the Use of Deuterium Oxide (D 2O) in 1H NMR Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11063-11069. [PMID: 31397558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In metabolomics, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy allows to identify and quantify compounds in biological samples. The sample preparation generally requires only few steps; however, an indispensable factor is the addition of a locking substance into the biofluid sample, such as deuterium oxide (D2O). While creatinine loss in pure D2O is well-described, the effects of different D2O concentrations on the signal profile of biological samples are unknown. In this work, we investigated the effect of D2O levels in the NMR buffer system in urine samples, in dependence on dwell time and temperature exposition. We reveal a decrease of the urinary creatinine peak area up to 35% after 24 h of dwell time at room temperature (RT) using 25% (v/v) D2O, but only 4% loss using 2.5% D2O. 1H, inverse-gated (IG) 13C, DEPT-HSQC NMR, and mass spectrometry (MS) experiments confirmed a proton-deuterium (H/D) exchange at the CH2. This leads to underestimation of creatinine levels and has an extensive effect when creatinine is used for normalization. This work offers a sample stability examination, depending on the D2O concentration, dwell time, and temperature and enables a method to correct for the successive loss. We propose an equation to correct the creatinine loss for samples prepared with various D2O concentrations and storage temperatures for dwell times up to 24 h. The correction function was validated against an external data set with n = 26 samples. To ensure sufficient creatinine stability in future studies, we suggest that a maximum of 10% D2O should be used at 4 °C or 2.5% D2O at RT, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Elisa Haslauer
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München , German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , D-85764 , Germany.,Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Freising-Weihenstephan , D-85354 , Germany
| | - Daniel Hemmler
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München , German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , D-85764 , Germany.,Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Freising-Weihenstephan , D-85354 , Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München , German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , D-85764 , Germany.,Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Freising-Weihenstephan , D-85354 , Germany
| | - Silke Sophie Heinzmann
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München , German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , D-85764 , Germany
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11
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Shao B, Li H, Shen J, Wu Y. Nontargeted Detection Methods for Food Safety and Integrity. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:429-455. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nontargeted workflows for chemical hazard analyses are highly desirable in the food safety and integrity fields to ensure human health. Two different analytical strategies, nontargeted metabolomics and chemical database filtering, can be used to screen unknown contaminants in food matrices. Sufficient mass and chromatographic resolutions are necessary for the detection of compounds and subsequent componentization and interpretation of candidate ions. Analytical chemistry–based technologies, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS), combined with chemometrics analysis are being used to generate molecular formulas of compounds of interest. The construction of a chemical database plays a crucial role in nontargeted detection. This review provides an overview of the current sample preparation, analytical chemistry–based techniques, and data analysis as well as the limitations and challenges of nontargeted detection methods for analyzing complex food matrices. Improvements in sample preparation and analytical platforms may enhance the relevance of food authenticity, quality, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Shao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
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