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Hu K, Wang Y, Wang G, Wu Y, He Q. Research progress of the combination of COFs materials with food safety detection. Food Chem 2023; 429:136801. [PMID: 37442087 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have received lots of attention due to their multiple advantages such as high specific surface area, controlled pore size, and excellent stability. When detecting food contaminants, the matrix effect brought by complex food samples can significantly affect the accuracy of the results. How to attenuate matrix effect has always been a major challenge. Utilizing the advantages of COFs and applying them to detect food contaminants is currently a key research direction. The aim of this work is to provide a systematic summary of sample pretreatment techniques and detection techniques combined with COFs, which include almost all current techniques combined with COFs. In addition, the principles of combining COFs with different techniques are explained. Finally, the research foci and development direction of COFs in food contaminant detection are discussed. This is an important reference for the future development of food safety and the design of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Hu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guanzhao Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecules Science and Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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2
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Fu Y, Li Z, Hu C, Li Q, Chen Z. In-situ immobilization of covalent organic frameworks as stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464205. [PMID: 37442070 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
A new kind of covalent organic framework (COF) was first utilized as an stationary phase for open-tubular electrochromatography (OT-CEC) by in situ synthesis immobilized method at room temperature. On the basis of our previous work, 4,4',4″-(1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triyl)trianiline (TZ) and 2,5-bis(2-propyn-1-yloxy)-1,4-benzenedicarboxaldehyde (BPTA) were employed as building blocks for the synthesis of COF TZ-BPTA. The coated capillary and COF TZ-BPTA were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were also applied to characterize COF TZ-BPTA and the modified column. In SEM, it can be seen that COF TZ-BPTA was the spherical shape and the modified capillary was covered with globular particles equably. The COF TZ-BPTA coated column exhibited good separation resolution and efficiency towards two antiepileptic drugs and other kinds of small organic molecules involving alkylbenzene, sulfonamides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), parabens, amino acids and herbicides. The maximum column efficiency was over 2.8 × 105 plates·m-1. In addition, the precisions (RSDs) of the retention times for the alkylbenzenes of intra-day runs (n = 3), inter-day runs (n = 3) and column-to-column runs (n = 3) were all less than 1.70% and separation performance was without obvious change within 100 times run. In addition, the real sample was tested on COF TZ-BPTA coated column. Hence, COF TZ-BPTA showed great potential in the separation domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhentao Li
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Changjun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiaoyan Li
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Gu L, Guan J, Huang Z, Huo H, Shi S, Zhang D, Yan F. β-Cyclodextrin covalent organic framework supported by polydopamine as stationary phases for electrochromatographic enantioseparation. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1446-1454. [PMID: 35353923 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) column was prepared using β-cyclodextrin covalent organic framework (β-CD COF) as a stationary phase. Polydopamine was used to assist fabrication of β-CD COF on an inner wall of a fused-silica capillary. The coating layer on the capillary was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Electroosmotic flow (EOF) was also studied to evaluate the variation of the inner wall of immobilized columns. Furthermore, the chiral separation effectiveness of the fabricated capillary column was evaluated by CEC using enantiomers of several related proton pump inhibitors as model analytes, including omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole and tenatoprazole. The effects of bonding time and concentration of β-CD COF, the type, concentration and pH of buffer, applied voltage were investigated to obtain satisfactory enantioselectivity. In the optimum conditions, the enantiomers of four analytes were resolved within 15 min with resolutions of 1.63-2.62. The relative standard deviation values for migration times and resolutions of the analytes representing intraday and interday were less than 6.75% and 4.24%, respectively. The results reveal that β-CD COF has great potential as chiral-stationary phases for enantioseparation in CEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jin Guan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Hongyi Huo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Dongxiang Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
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Rasheed T, Khan S, Ahmad T, Ullah N. Covalent Organic Frameworks-Based Membranes as Promising Modalities from Preparation to Separation Applications: An Overview. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200062. [PMID: 35641392 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a promising class of porous crystalline materials made up of covalently connected and periodically protracted network topologies through organic linkers. The tailorability of organic linker and intrinsic structures endow COFs with a tunable porosity and structure, low density, facilely-tailored functionality, and large surface area, attracting increasing amount of interests in variety of research areas of membrane separations. COF-based membranes have spawned a slew of new research projects, ranging from fabrication methodologies to separation applications. Herein, we tried to emphasis the major developments in the synthetic approaches of COFs based membranes for a variety of separation applications such as, separation of gaseous mixtures, water treatment as well as separation of isomeric and chiral organic compounds. The proposed methods for fabricating COF-based continuous membranes and columns for real world applications are also thoroughly explored. Finally, a viewpoint on the future directions and remaining challenges for COF research in the area of separation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Rasheed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sardaraz Khan
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tauqir Ahmad
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisar Ullah
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Fluorinated covalent organic frameworks as a stationary phase for separation of fluoroquinolones by capillary electrochromatography. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:237. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Morphology Engineering for Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) by Surfactant Mediation and Acid Adjustment. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Li Q, Li Z, Fu Y, Clarot I, Boudier A, Chen Z. Room-temperature growth of covalent organic frameworks as the stationary phase for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Analyst 2021; 146:6643-6649. [PMID: 34591047 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous materials with high surface area, high porosity, good stability and tunable structure that have been widely used in the separation area. In this work, we have proposed the in situ synthesis of a novel COF composed of 4,4',4''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)trianiline (Tz) and 1,4-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (Da) onto the capillary inner surface for electrochromatographic separation. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis (EA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have facilitated the characterization of the prepared capillary columns. The COF (TzDa) modified OT-CEC column exhibited satisfactory separation selectivity towards neutral compounds (such as chlorobenzenes and alkylbenzenes), acidic and basic compounds (such as phenols and anilines), food additives (vanillin and its analogues) and small biomolecules (such as amino acids and polypeptides). Furthermore, the TzDa modified capillary was quite stable and reproducible. The relative standard deviations for retention times of the test analytes (alkylbenzenes) were as follows: for intra-day (n = 3) runs (≤1.74%), inter-day (n = 3) runs (≤2.25%) and between columns (n = 3) (≤4.83%). This new type of COF-based stationary phase has tremendous potential in separation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Zhentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Igor Clarot
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Kujawa J, Al-Gharabli S, Muzioł TM, Knozowska K, Li G, Dumée LF, Kujawski W. Crystalline porous frameworks as nano-enhancers for membrane liquid separation – Recent developments. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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In situ controllable synthesis of Schiff base networks porous polymer coatings for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:82. [PMID: 33586055 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A uniform Schiff base network (SNW) film was synthesized in situ in a controllable way through continuous flow of reactants inside the capillary. The properties and application of the as-prepared capillary was investigated in capillary electrochromatography. The effects of reaction monomer concentration and reaction time on coating thickness were studied by SEM. The results show that the reaction condition has a significant influence on the morphology and thickness of the SNW films. The thickness of the film can be controlled by changing the concentration of reaction solution and reaction time. Capillaries coated under different conditions were employed to separate four nucleotides by capillary electrochromatography, which demonstrated significant variation of migration time, peak order, and separation efficiency. Analytes containing nitrogen heterocycle structures, such as nucleotides, methylimidazole isomers, and β-lactam antibiotics, were successfully separated with the prepared open-tubular columns. Under the selected separation conditions, theoretical plate number of four nucleotides is in a range 45,237-104,505 plates·m-1, and the resolutions are 1.98-8.07. A resolution of 1.75 is obtained for methylimidazole isomers. The nucleotides in a real sample, chicken essence seasoning, were determined using the prepared capillary column with satisfactory recoveries in the range 95 to 105%.
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Wang Z, Zhang S, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Ma S. Covalent organic frameworks for separation applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:708-735. [PMID: 31993598 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00827f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers with highly tuneable structures and functionalities. COFs have been proposed as ideal materials for applications in the energy-intensive field of molecular separation due to their notable intrinsic features such as low density, exceptional stability, high surface area, and readily adjustable pore size and chemical environment. This review attempts to highlight the key advancements made in the synthesis of COFs for diverse separation applications such as water treatment or the separation of gas mixtures and organic molecules, including chiral and isomeric compounds. Methods proposed for the fabrication of COF-based columns and continuous membranes for practical applications are also discussed in detail. Finally, a perspective regarding the remaining challenges and future directions for COF research in the field of separation has also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
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Hu LF, Yin SJ, Zhang H, Yang FQ. Recent developments of monolithic and open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (2017-2019). J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1942-1966. [PMID: 31909566 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrochromatography, which combined the high selectivity of high-performance liquid chromatography and the high separation efficiency of capillary electrophoresis, is an attractive separation tool. In this review, the developments on monolithic and open tubular capillary electrochromatography during 2017 to August 2019 are summarized. Considering the development of novel stationary phases is the most active research field in capillary electrochromatography, monolithic capillary electrochromatography is classified according to the polymer-based and hybrid monolithic columns, while open-tubular capillary electrochromatography is categorized by cyclodextrin, silica, polymer, nanomaterials, microporous materials, and biomaterials-based open tubular columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Feng Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Ambient temperature fabrication of a covalent organic framework from 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and 1,4-phenylenediamine as a coating for use in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography of drugs and amino acids. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:650. [PMID: 31501947 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A covalent organic framework (COF) named TpPa-1 was designed and synthesized at ambient temperature by an ultrasound-assisted method from 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and 1,4-phenylenediamine (Pa-1). It was utilized as a stationary phase in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). The column was coated with TpPa-1 using a covalent bonding strategy. The coated capillary was characterized by morphology, crystallography, and mesoporous analysis to confirm the successful fabrication. The OT-CEC method was utilized for the analysis of tetracyclines, sulfonamides, cephalosporins and amino acids with high-resolution (Rs > 1.81) and good precision (RSD < 4.9%). It takes about 12 h from COF preparation to OT-CEC separation. Graphical abstract A covalent organic framework (COF) named TpPa-1 was synthesized at ambient temperature by an ultrasound-assisted method from 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and 1,4-phenylenediamine (Pa-1). COF-TpPa-1 modified capillary column was utilized for the analysis of tetracyclines, sulfonamides, cephalosporins and amino acids with high-resolution and good precision.
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Ahmed MA, Felisilda BMB, Quirino JP. Recent advancements in open-tubular liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography during 2014-2018. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1088:20-34. [PMID: 31623713 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review critically discusses the developments on open-tubular liquid chromatography (OT-LC) and open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) during 2014-2018. An appropriate Scopus search revealed 5 reviews, 4 theoretical papers on open-tubular format chromatography, 29 OT-LC articles, 68 OT-CEC articles and 4 OT-LC/OT-CEC articles, indicating a sustained interest in these areas. The open-tubular format typically uses a capillary column with inner walls that are coated with an ample layer or coating of solid stationary phase material. The ratio between the capillary internal diameter and coating thickness (CID/CT) is ideally ≤ 100 for appropriate chromatographic retention. We, therefore, approximated the CID/CT ratios and found that 22 OT-LC papers have CID/CT ratios ≤100. The other 7 OT-LC papers have CID/CT ratio >100 but have clearly demonstrated chromatographic retention. These 29 papers utilised reversed phase or ion exchange mechanisms using known or innovative solid stationary phase materials (e.g. metal organic frameworks), stationary pseudophases from ionic surfactants or porous supports. On the other hand, we found that 68 OT-CEC papers, 7 OT-LC papers and 4 OT-LC & OT-CEC papers have CID/CT ratios >100. Notably, 44 papers (42 OT-CEC and 2 OT-LC & OT-CEC) did not report the retention factor and/or effective electrophoretic mobility of analytes. Considering all covered papers, the most popular activity was on the development of new chromatographic materials as coatings. However, we encourage OT-CEC researchers to not only characterise changes in the electroosmotic flow but also verify the interaction of the analytes with the coating. In addition, the articles reported were largely driven by stationary phase or support development and not by practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Adel Ahmed
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Bren Mark B Felisilda
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Joselito P Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia.
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Li Z, Mao Z, Chen Z. Polydopamine-assisted immobilization of a zinc(II)-derived metal-organic cage as a stationary phase for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:449. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Covalent organic framework incorporated chiral polymer monoliths for capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:481-488. [PMID: 31230876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A covalent organic framework, Schiff base network-1 (SNW-1), was synthesized and incorporated into cellulase based poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) (cellulase@poly(GMA-EDMA-SNW-1)) monolith to afford a novel chiral stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography (CEC). SNW-1 is attractive as a stationary phase for CEC because it not only features high surface areas but also provides conjugate structures and abundant amine groups to give π-π electrostatic stacking and hydrogen bonding property. Incorporation of SNW-1 into monolithic column could improve the column efficiency and increase the interactions between the tested racemates and the stationary phase thus significantly improved their CEC separation. The obtained monoliths were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis and nitrogen adsorption. Moreover, effects of SNW-1 concentration, immobilization pH of cellulase and CEC conditions were also investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the cellulase@poly(GMA-EDMA-SNW-1) monolith exhibited excellent enantioseparation performance for eight pairs of different classes of chiral drugs including β-blockers, antihistamines and anticoagulants. Satisfactory repeatability was achieved with relative standard deviations for intra-day, inter-day and column-to-column runs less than 4.5%, and batch-to-batch runs less than 6.8%. The experiment results reveal that the combination of the versatile features of monoliths and unique properties of SNW-1 could be a promising strategy for chiral separation.
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