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Li J, Liu J, Weng Q. A Hydrophilic Strong Anion-Exchange Hybrid Monolith for Capillary Liquid Chromatography. LCGC EUROPE 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.eu.od3570x2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A hydrophilic strong anion-exchange monolithic hybrid column was prepared by in-capillary coating 5-µm bare silica particles with the copolymers of methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride and pentaerythritol triacrylate in the presence of a porogen consisting of water, methanol, and cyclohexanol. The composition of the porogen and the concentration of the monomers were investigated and selected. The resulting column was characterized. The column had an uniform pore structure and could withstand a back pressure up to 3500 psi. Its permeability was comparable to that of packed columns and the swelling-shrinking behaviour negligible. Its hydrophobicity could be suppressed at acetonitrile concentrations above 40% (v/v) and the minimum theoretical plate height was about 10 µm for BrÑ. The column-to-column relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.2% and 3.5% (n = 9) and the batch-to-batch RSDs were 2.4% and 5.5% (n = 3) for k and H values, respectively. The column exhibited a remarkable performanceforthe separation of inorganic anions, organic weak acids, phenols, and nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Liu
- Liaoning Normal University, China
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2
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Lei X, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Huang T, Tang F, Wu X. In situ photoinitiated fabrication of phosphorylcholine-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane hybrid monolithic column for mixed-mode capillary electrochromatography. Analyst 2022; 147:2253-2263. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00195k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A phosphorylcholine-functionalized POSS hybrid monolithic column was synthesized via UV curing. It exhibits hydrophilic interaction and weak cation exchange chromatography retention mechanism for the separation of typical polar and charged compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Lei
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology; College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology; College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology; College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology; College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Fengxiang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology; College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology; College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
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3
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Zuo J, Geng S, Kong Y, Ma P, Fan Z, Zhang Y, Dong A. Current Progress in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Active Components from Plants. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:177-198. [PMID: 34324395 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1946659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have gained more and more attention due to their green, convenient preparation, low toxicity and biodegradability. It is widely used in various fields, especially in the extraction of active components from plants, formed by the combination of hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) and hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) at a certain condition. In this article, six preparation methods of NADESs were summarized and the interactions that occur in the eutectic behavior of NADES including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction and van der Waals force were also reviewed. What is more, its significant extraction capacity on flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids and plant pigments endows its extensive applications in the extraction of active components from medicinal plants. Extraction factors including solvents properties (viscosity, carbon chain length, number of hydroxyl groups), extraction condition (water content, extraction temperature, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio), extraction method and recycling method were discussed. In addition, NADESs can also be combined with other technologies, like molecular imprinting, monolithic column, to achieve efficient and specific extraction of active ingredients. Further systematic studies on the biodegradability and biotoxicity are put forward to be urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zuo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolian University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuqin Geng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolian University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yangzhi Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolian University, Hohhot, China
| | - Peirong Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolian University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhaosheng Fan
- Technology Center, Shanghai Tobacco Group Beijing Cigarette Factory Co.,Ltd, Tongzhou Dis, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolian University, Hohhot, China
| | - Alideertu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolian University, Hohhot, China
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4
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Mao X, Cheng X, Lv Z, Xiao F, Liu L, Cheng X, Ni W. Preparation of Benzyl Quinine-modified Monolithic Column for Reversed-phase Capillary Electrochromatography. ANAL SCI 2020; 37:261-266. [PMID: 32418933 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
N-Benzylquininium chloride is a versatile functional monomer with quinoline and benzyl groups, which is beneficial for reversed-phase chromatography. In this study, a novel monolithic column with reversed-phase mode was synthesized using N-benzylquininium chloride as the monomer and 3-(acryloyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate as the cross-linker in a binary porogenic solvent consisting of PEG 400 and a 0.05 M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The alkaline solution were found to be useful for the improvement of the mechanical stability of the porous monoliths. The monolithic column showed excellent reversed-phase selectivity and various compounds, such as alkylbenzenes, phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were separated successfully. The highest column efficiency was 1.75 × 105 N m-1. The relative standard deviations of the migration time for thiourea and four alkylbenzenes were all less than 5.0%, which indicates the monolithic column has good stability. The application of the monolithic column for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in spiked lake water samples illustrated its great potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangju Mao
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, CAGS.,China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals.,Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Multipurpose Utilization of Polymetallic Ores.,Northwest China Center for Geosience Innovation
| | - Xiaofeng Cheng
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, CAGS.,China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals.,Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Multipurpose Utilization of Polymetallic Ores.,Northwest China Center for Geosience Innovation
| | - Zhenfu Lv
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, CAGS.,China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals.,Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Multipurpose Utilization of Polymetallic Ores.,Northwest China Center for Geosience Innovation
| | - Fang Xiao
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, CAGS.,China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals.,Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Multipurpose Utilization of Polymetallic Ores.,Northwest China Center for Geosience Innovation
| | - Lu Liu
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, CAGS.,China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals.,Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Multipurpose Utilization of Polymetallic Ores.,Northwest China Center for Geosience Innovation
| | - Xintao Cheng
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, CAGS.,China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals.,Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Multipurpose Utilization of Polymetallic Ores.,Northwest China Center for Geosience Innovation
| | - Wenshan Ni
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, CAGS.,China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals.,Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Multipurpose Utilization of Polymetallic Ores.,Northwest China Center for Geosience Innovation
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5
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Mao Z, Li Z, Hu C, Liu Y, Cao Z, Chen Z. Strong hydrophilic monolithic column functionalized with amphiphilic benzyl quinine for capillary electrochromatography and application in pharmaceutical analysis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461031. [PMID: 32201038 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An innovative strong hydrophilic organic polymer monolithic column of poly(N-benzylquininium chloride-co-1, 3, 5-triacryloylhexahydro-1, 3, 5-triazine) (poly(NBQ-co-TAT)) has been successfully synthesized through in situ copolymerization for capillary electrochromatography. The amphiphilic monomer NBQ and the strong polar cross-linker TAT are firstly used in hydrophilic electrochromatography by taking advantage of the exhibition of hydrophilicity at lower levels of organic solvent and ease formation of porous structure. The monolithic column poly(NBQ-co-TAT) shows powerful hydrophilic selectivity with mobile phase containing more than 60% organic solvent. The introduction of NBQ and TAT enlarges the sources of functional monomers and cross-linkers for HILIC. Due to the presence of the positively charged group in NBQ, an anodic electroosmotic flow is generated with the change of pH values from 2.0 to 12.0. The monolithic column was used for the separations of thioureas, phenols, xanthines, nucleobases, acidic substances and pharmaceuticals. The highest column efficiency for N, N'-dimethylthiourea is 1.15 × 105 N m-1. The application of the monolithic column for a real sample, cytochrome C digestion indicates its great potential in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China
| | - Zhentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Changjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yikun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China.
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6
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Hu LF, Yin SJ, Zhang H, Yang FQ. Recent developments of monolithic and open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (2017-2019). J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1942-1966. [PMID: 31909566 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrochromatography, which combined the high selectivity of high-performance liquid chromatography and the high separation efficiency of capillary electrophoresis, is an attractive separation tool. In this review, the developments on monolithic and open tubular capillary electrochromatography during 2017 to August 2019 are summarized. Considering the development of novel stationary phases is the most active research field in capillary electrochromatography, monolithic capillary electrochromatography is classified according to the polymer-based and hybrid monolithic columns, while open-tubular capillary electrochromatography is categorized by cyclodextrin, silica, polymer, nanomaterials, microporous materials, and biomaterials-based open tubular columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Feng Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Mao Z, Chen Z. Advances in capillary electro-chromatography. J Pharm Anal 2019; 9:227-237. [PMID: 31452960 PMCID: PMC6702421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a micro-scale separation technique which is a hybrid between capillary electrophoresis (CE) and liquid chromatography (LC). CEC can be performed in packed, monolithic and open-tubular columns. In recent three years (from 2016 to 2018), enormous attention for CEC has been the development of novel stationary phases. This review mainly covers the development of novel stationary phases for open-tubular and monolithic columns. In particular, some biomaterials attracted increasing interest. There are no significant breakthroughs in technology and principles in CEC. The typical CEC applications, especially chiral separations are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China
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Mao X, Liu L, Xiao F, Ni W, Cheng X. An innovative reversed-phase monolithic column modified with 4-vinylbiphenyl and ionic liquid stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A poly(VBP-co-EDMA-co-IL) monolithic column was used for electrochromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangju Mao
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
- CAGS
- Zhengzhou 450006
- P. R. China
- China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals
| | - Lu Liu
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
- CAGS
- Zhengzhou 450006
- P. R. China
- China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals
| | - Fang Xiao
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
- CAGS
- Zhengzhou 450006
- P. R. China
- China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals
| | - Wenshan Ni
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
- CAGS
- Zhengzhou 450006
- P. R. China
- China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals
| | - Xintao Cheng
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
- CAGS
- Zhengzhou 450006
- P. R. China
- China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals
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