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Lu S, Ma D, Mi X. A High-Throughput Circular Tumor Cell Sorting Chip with Trapezoidal Cross Section. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3552. [PMID: 38894343 PMCID: PMC11175239 DOI: 10.3390/s24113552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells are typically found in the peripheral blood of patients, offering a crucial pathway for the early diagnosis and prediction of cancer. Traditional methods for early cancer diagnosis are inefficient and inaccurate, making it difficult to isolate tumor cells from a large number of cells. In this paper, a new spiral microfluidic chip with asymmetric cross-section is proposed for rapid, high-throughput, label-free enrichment of CTCs in peripheral blood. A mold of the desired flow channel structure was prepared and inverted to make a trapezoidal cross-section using a micro-nanotechnology process of 3D printing. After a systematic study of how flow rate, channel width, and particle concentration affect the performance of the device, we utilized the device to simulate cell sorting of 6 μm, 15 μm, and 25 μm PS (Polystyrene) particles, and the separation efficiency and separation purity of 25 μm PS particles reached 98.3% and 96.4%. On this basis, we realize the enrichment of a large number of CTCs in diluted whole blood (5 mL). The results show that the separation efficiency of A549 was 88.9% and the separation purity was 96.4% at a high throughput of 1400 μL/min. In conclusion, we believe that the developed method is relevant for efficient recovery from whole blood and beneficial for future automated clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Lu
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, 20 Chengzhong Road, Shanghai 201899, China;
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China;
| | - Ding Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianqiang Mi
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, 20 Chengzhong Road, Shanghai 201899, China;
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Yang X, Xie X, Liu S, Ma W, Zheng Z, Wei H, Yu CY. Engineered Exosomes as Theranostic Platforms for Cancer Treatment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5479-5503. [PMID: 37695590 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous progress in nanotechnology and nanomedicine has made a significant positive effect on cancer treatment by integrating multicomponents into a single multifunctional nanosized delivery system for combinatorial therapies. Although numerous nanocarriers developed so far have achieved excellent therapeutic performance in mouse models via elegant integration of chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy, their synthetic origin may still cause systemic toxicity, immunogenicity, and preferential detection or elimination by the immune system. Exosomes, endogenous nanosized particles secreted by multiple biological cells, could be absorbed by recipient cells to facilitate intercellular communication and content delivery. Therefore, exosomes have emerged as novel cargo delivery tools and attracted considerable attention for cancer diagnosis and treatment due to their innate stability, biological compatibility, and biomembrane penetration capacity. Exosome-related properties and functions have been well-documented; however, there are few reviews, to our knowledge, with a focus on the combination of exosomes and nanotechnology for the development of exosome-based theranostic platforms. To make a timely review on this hot subject of research, we summarize the basic information, isolation and functionalization methodologies, diagnostic and therapeutic potential of exosomes in various cancers with an emphasis on the description of exosome-related nanomedicine for cancer theranostics. The existing appealing challenges and outlook in exosome clinical translation are finally introduced. Advanced biotechnology and nanotechnology will definitely not only promote the integration of intrinsic advantages of natural nanosized exosomes with traditional synthetic nanomaterials for modulated precise cancer treatment but also contribute to the clinical translations of exosome-based nanomedicine as theranostic nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiangyu Xie
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Songbin Liu
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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D'Avino G, Maffettone PL. Effect of wall slip on the viscoelastic particle ordering in a microfluidic channel. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2206-2216. [PMID: 35689363 PMCID: PMC9796797 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a line of equally spaced particles at the centerline of a microchannel, referred as "particle ordering," is desired in several microfluidic applications. Recent experiments and simulations highlighted the capability of viscoelastic fluids to form a row of particles characterized by a preferential spacing. When dealing with non-Newtonian fluids in microfluidics, the adherence condition of the liquid at the channel wall may be violated and the liquid can slip over the surface, possibly affecting the ordering efficiency. In this work, we investigate the effect of wall slip on the ordering of particles suspended in a viscoelastic liquid by numerical simulations. The dynamics of a triplet of particles in an infinite cylindrical channel is first addressed by solving the fluid and particle governing equations. The relative velocities computed for the three-particle system are used to predict the dynamics of a train of particles flowing in a long microchannel. The distributions of the interparticle spacing evaluated at different slip coefficients, linear particle concentrations, and distances from the channel inlet show that wall slip slows down the self-assembly mechanism. For strong slipping surfaces, no significant change of the initial microstructure is observed at low particle concentrations, whereas strings of particles in contact form at higher concentrations. The detrimental effect of wall slip on viscoelastic ordering suggests care when designing microdevices, especially in case of hydrophobic surfaces that may enhance the slipping phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano D'Avino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimicadei Materiali e della Produzione IndustrialeUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIPiazzale Tecchio 80Naples80125Italy
| | - Pier Luca Maffettone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimicadei Materiali e della Produzione IndustrialeUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIPiazzale Tecchio 80Naples80125Italy
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Tian Z, Gan C, Fan L, Wang J, Zhao L. Elastic‐inertial separation of microparticle in a gradually contracted microchannel. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2217-2226. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang‐Zhuang Tian
- School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Chong‐Shan Gan
- School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Liang‐Liang Fan
- School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
- School of Food Equipment Engineering and Science (FEES) Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Ji‐Chang Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
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Tsai MY, Fan L, Tseng J, Lin J, Tseng A, Lee E. Electrophoresis of a highly charged fluid droplet in dilute electrolyte solutions: Analytical Hückel-type solution. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1611-1616. [PMID: 35471734 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An analytical formula is presented here for the electrophoresis of a dielectric or perfectly conducting fluid droplet with arbitrary surface potentials suspended in a very dilute electrolyte solution. In other words, when the Debye length (κ-1 ) is very large, or κa ≪ $\ll $ 1, where κ is the electrolyte strength and a stands for the droplet radius. This formula can be regarded as an extension of the famous Hückel solution valid for weakly charged rigid particles to arbitrarily charged fluid droplets. The formula reduces successfully to the ones obtained by Booth for a dielectric droplet, and Ohshima for a perfectly conducting droplet, both under Debye-Hückel approximation valid for weakly charged droplets. Moreover, the formula is valid for a gas bubble and a rigid solid particle as well. Classic results obtained by Hückel for a rigid particle are reproduced as well. We found that for a dielectric droplet, the more viscous the droplet is, the faster it moves regardless of its surface potential, contrary to the intuition based on the purely hydrodynamic consideration. For a perfectly conducting liquid droplet, on the other hand, the situation is reversed: The less viscous the droplet is, the faster it moves. The presence or absence of the spinning electric driving force tangent to the droplet surface is found to be responsible for it. As a result, an axisymmetric exterior vortex flow surrounding the droplet is always present for a dielectric liquid droplet, and never there for a conducting liquid droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yu Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Leia Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jessica Tseng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jason Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andy Tseng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eric Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Raihan MK, Wu S, Song Y, Xuan X. Constriction length dependent instabilities in the microfluidic entry flow of polymer solutions. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9198-9209. [PMID: 34590651 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01325d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transport phenomena of fluids and particles through contraction and/or expansion geometries have relevance in many applications. Polymer solutions are often the transporter in these processes, giving rise to flow complexities. The separation distance between a contraction and a following expansion in microfluidic entry flow can affect the interplay between the shear and extension force dominated flow regimes, but the process is still little understood. We investigate the rheological responses of such constriction length dependent instabilities with three different polymer solutions and water in planar contraction-expansion microchannels differing only in the constriction length. The viscoelastic polyethylene oxide (PEO) solution is found to exhibit strong constriction length-dependent instabilities in both the contraction and expansion flows. Such a dependence is, however, completely absent from the flow of shear-thinning xanthan gum (XG) solution and Newtonian water. Interestingly, it is only present in the expansion flow of the both shear thinning and viscoelastic polyacrylamide (PAA) solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmud Kamal Raihan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA.
| | - Sen Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA.
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, P. R. China.
| | - Yongxin Song
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA.
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