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Steć A, Chodkowska M, Kasprzyk-Pochopień J, Mielczarek P, Piekoszewski W, Lewczuk B, Płoska A, Kalinowski L, Wielgomas B, Dziomba S. Isolation of Citrus lemon extracellular vesicles: Development and process control using capillary electrophoresis. Food Chem 2023; 424:136333. [PMID: 37201469 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A new and scalable method for the isolation of extracellular vesicles (EV) from Citrus lemon juice samples was developed. The methodology included preliminary preconcentration of the sample using ultrafiltration (UF) followed by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) purification and final preconcentration of the eluates. Transmission electron microscopy and proteomic analysis showed that isolates contained exosome-like vesicles, exocyst-positive organelle (EXPO), and microvesicles. The efficiency of certain isolation steps was evaluated with total protein content assay (bicinchoninic acid assay, BCA), nanoparticles tracking analysis (NTA), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). A good correlation between CE, BCA, and NTA results was shown. The application of CE enabled the detection of soluble contaminants, macromolecular aggregates, and vesicles' heterogeneity. The fluorescent staining of encapsulated nucleic acids was proposed for the identity confirmation of EV detected in CE. The study demonstrates the CE as a comprehensive tool for monitoring of the EV isolation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Steć
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Martyna Chodkowska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Kasprzyk-Pochopień
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 30 Mickiewicza Avenue, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Lewczuk
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Histology and Embryology, 13 Oczapowskiego Street, 10-713 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Szymon Dziomba
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
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Steć A, Targońska M, Karkosińska E, Słowik M, Płoska A, Kalinowski L, Wielgomas B, Waleron K, Jasiecki J, Dziomba S. Protein overproduction alters exosome secretion in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04725-4. [PMID: 37160422 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the abundance of available cell lines, nearly 70% of all recombinant therapeutic proteins today are produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The impact of protein overproduction on the secretion of exosomes by CHO cells has been investigated here. Increased secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by protein overexpressing CHO cells was demonstrated with protein content assay, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and capillary electrophoresis. Our results revealed that a protein overproduction might induce EVs secretion, which might be accompanied by the sequestration and loading of overexpressed proteins into the exosomes. These findings are of vital importance for the manufacturing of therapeutics in CHO expression systems due to the risk of product loss during downstream processing of culture medium as well as the application of exosomes as nanocarriers of therapeutic proteins. The study indicates also the importance of culturing process control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Steć
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Targońska
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, 1 Dębinki Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Edyta Karkosińska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Słowik
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
- BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Waleron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Jasiecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Szymon Dziomba
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland.
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Novel microchip electrophoresis-contactless conductivity method for detection and characterization of extracellular vesicles enriched for exosomes and microvesicles. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:1547-1561. [PMID: 36734464 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important carriers of intercellular communication, used in disease diagnosis and as prognostic circulating biomarkers, and their identification and quantitative analysis are important prerequisites for their clinical application. Methods & results: A method using microchip electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection was developed for the concentration assay of EVs. This method showed good sensitivity, reproducibility and accuracy, with good linear correlation with conventional methods (nanoparticle tracking analysis and bicinchoninic acid assay). The application to the detection of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs proved its applicability to clinical samples. Conclusion: This is the first study to apply this method for the detection of EVs, achieving quantitative analysis of EVs enriched in exosomes and microvesicles, and initially demonstrating the potential to separate different EV subpopulations.
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Steć A, Jońca J, Waleron K, Waleron M, Płoska A, Kalinowski L, Wielgomas B, Dziomba S. Quality Control of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles with Total Protein Content Assay, Nanoparticles Tracking Analysis, and Capillary Electrophoresis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084347. [PMID: 35457164 PMCID: PMC9028362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from Pectobacterium zantedeschiae culturing media using direct ultracentrifugation (UC), iodixanol cushion ultracentrifugation (ICUC), and iodixanol density gradient ultracentrifugation (IDGUC) techniques. The isolates were characterized with total protein content assay (bicinchoninic acid assay, BCA), nanoparticles tracking analysis (NTA), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). A satisfactory correlation (R2 > 0.94) between quantitative results obtained with BCA, NTA and CE was achieved only for isolates obtained with the IDGUC. The correlation between protein content and CE was proved to be related to the isolates’ purity. The NTA was found unable to provide reliable information on EVs quantity in samples isolated with UC and ICUC, due to the co-isolated particulate impurities. Moreover, the work reports polysaccharides, used as culturing media components, as a potential source of bias of quantitation with total protein content assay and NTA. The study demonstrates the advantageous selectivity of CE in quality control of EVs and its ability to differentiate subpopulations of EVs of Pectobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Steć
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Joanna Jońca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (J.J.); (K.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Waleron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (J.J.); (K.W.)
| | - Małgorzata Waleron
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, 58 Abrahama Street, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (L.K.)
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (L.K.)
- BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Szymon Dziomba
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Jonca J, Waleron M, Czaplewska P, Bogucka A, Steć A, Dziomba S, Jasiecki J, Rychłowski M, Waleron K. Membrane Vesicles of Pectobacterium as an Effective Protein Secretion System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212574. [PMID: 34830459 PMCID: PMC8623790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of genus Pectobacterium are Gram-negative rods of the family Pectobacteriaceae. They are the causative agent of soft rot diseases of crops and ornamental plants. However, their virulence mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. Membrane vesicles (MVs) are universally released by bacteria and are believed to play an important role in the pathogenicity and survival of bacteria in the environment. Our study investigates the role of MVs in the virulence of Pectobacterium. The results indicate that the morphology and MVs production depend on growth medium composition. In polygalacturonic acid (PGA) supplemented media, Pectobacterium produces large MVs (100–300 nm) and small vesicles below 100 nm. Proteomic analyses revealed the presence of pectate degrading enzymes in the MVs. The pectate plate test and enzymatic assay proved that those enzymes are active and able to degrade pectates. What is more, the pathogenicity test indicated that the MVs derived from Pectobacterium were able to induce maceration of Zantedeschia sp. leaves. We also show that the MVs of β-lactamase producing strains were able to suppress ampicillin activity and permit the growth of susceptible bacteria. Those findings indicate that the MVs of Pectobacterium play an important role in host-pathogen interactions and niche competition with other bacteria. Our research also sheds some light on the mechanism of MVs production. We demonstrate that the MVs production in Pectobacterium strains, which overexpress a green fluorescence protein (GFP), is higher than in wild-type strains. Moreover, proteomic analysis revealed that the GFP was present in the MVs. Therefore, it is possible that protein sequestration into MVs might not be strictly limited to periplasmic proteins. Our research highlights the importance of MVs production as a mechanism of cargo delivery in Pectobacterium and an effective secretion system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jonca
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Waleron
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (K.W.)
| | - Paulina Czaplewska
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry-Core Facility Laboratories, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Bogucka
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry-Core Facility Laboratories, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Steć
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Szymon Dziomba
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Jacek Jasiecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Michał Rychłowski
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Waleron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (K.W.)
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