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Chin NA, Salihah NT, Shivanand P, Ahmed MU. Recent trends and developments of PCR-based methods for the detection of food-borne Salmonella bacteria and Norovirus. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:4570-4582. [PMID: 36276542 PMCID: PMC9579247 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, rapid detection methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) have been continuously developed to improve the detection of food-borne pathogens in food samples. The recent developments of PCR and qPCR in the detection and identification of these food-borne pathogens are described and elaborated throughout this review. Specifically, further developments and improvements of qPCR are discussed in detecting Salmonella and norovirus. Promising advances in these molecular detection methods have been widely used to prevent human food-borne illnesses and death caused by the food-borne pathogens. In addition, this review presents the limitations and challenges of the detection methods which include conventional culture method and conventional PCR method in detecting Salmonella and norovirus. Furthermore, several advances of qPCR such as viability PCR (vPCR) and digital PCR (dPCR) have been discussed in the detection of Salmonella and norovirus. Good practice of analysis of the food-borne pathogens and other contaminants in the food industry as well as the advancement of molecular detection methods will help improve and ensure food safety and food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Areena Chin
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Integrated Science Building, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410 Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nur Thaqifah Salihah
- Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali, Jalan Pasar Baharu, Gadong, BE1310 Brunei Darussalam
| | - Pooja Shivanand
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410 Brunei Darussalam
| | - Minhaz Uddin Ahmed
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Integrated Science Building, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410 Brunei Darussalam
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Wang D, Wang Z, Chen J, Kinchla AJ, Nugen SR. Rapid detection of Salmonella using a redox cycling-based electrochemical method. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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O’Brien LM, Stewart LD, Strain SAJ, Grant IR. Novel Monoclonal Antibody and Peptide Binders for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Their Application for Magnetic Separation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147870. [PMID: 26815790 PMCID: PMC4729677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of novel Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-specific monoclonal antibodies and phage-display derived peptide binders, along with their application for the magnetic separation (MS) of MAP cells, is described. Our aim was to achieve even greater MAP capture capability than is possible with peptide-mediated magnetic separation (PMS) using a 50:50 mix of biotinylated-aMp3 and biotinylated-aMptD peptide-coated beads. Gamma-irradiated whole MAP cells and ethanol extracted antigens (EEA) from these cells were used to elicit an immune response and as phage-display biopanning targets. A range of novel binders was obtained and coated onto paramagnetic beads, both individually and in various combinations, for MS evaluation. IS900 PCR was employed after MS to provide quick results. Capture sensitivity was assessed using a range of MAP concentrations after which the most promising beads were tested for their specificity for MAP, by performing MS followed by culture using 10 other Mycobacterium species. Magnetic beads coated with the biotinylated EEA402 peptide demonstrated a greater level of MAP capture than the current PMS method, even when low numbers of MAP (<10 cfu/ml) were present; however these beads also captured a range of other mycobacteria and so lacked capture specificity. Magnetic beads coated with monoclonal antibodies 6G11 and 15D10 (used as a 50:50 mix or as dually coated beads) also demonstrated improved MAP capture relative to the current PMS method, but with little cross-reactivity to other Mycobacterium spp. Therefore, two new MS protocols are suggested, the application of which would be dependent upon the required endpoint. Biotinylated EEA402-coated beads could potentially be used with a MAP-specific PCR to ensure detection specificity, while beads coated with 6G11 and 15D10 monoclonal antibodies could be used with culture or the phage amplification assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna M. O’Brien
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Linda D. Stewart
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Sam A. J. Strain
- Animal Health and Welfare Northern Ireland, 97 Moy Road, Dungannon, Co.Tyrone, BT71 7DX, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Irene R. Grant
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Stange R, Lenk F, Eckert K, Lenk S, Bley T, Boschke E. A new method for mixing of suspended superparamagnetic beads using variable electromagnetic fields. Eng Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stange
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Felix Lenk
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Kerstin Eckert
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Stephan Lenk
- Systemanalyse & Automatisierungsservice GmbH; Bannewitz Germany
| | - Thomas Bley
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Elke Boschke
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
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Zheng Q, Mikš-Krajnik M, Yang Y, Xu W, Yuk HG. Real-time PCR method combined with immunomagnetic separation for detecting healthy and heat-injured Salmonella Typhimurium on raw duck wings. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 186:6-13. [PMID: 24974274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conventional culture detection methods are time consuming and labor-intensive. For this reason, an alternative rapid method combining real-time PCR and immunomagnetic separation (IMS) was investigated in this study to detect both healthy and heat-injured Salmonella Typhimurium on raw duck wings. Firstly, the IMS method was optimized by determining the capture efficiency of Dynabeads(®) on Salmonella cells on raw duck wings with different bead incubation (10, 30 and 60 min) and magnetic separation (3, 10 and 30 min) times. Secondly, three Taqman primer sets, Sal, invA and ttr, were evaluated to optimize the real-time PCR protocol by comparing five parameters: inclusivity, exclusivity, PCR efficiency, detection probability and limit of detection (LOD). Thirdly, the optimized real-time PCR, in combination with IMS (PCR-IMS) assay, was compared with a standard ISO and a real-time PCR (PCR) method by analyzing artificially inoculated raw duck wings with healthy and heat-injured Salmonella cells at 10(1) and 10(0) CFU/25 g. Finally, the optimized PCR-IMS assay was validated for Salmonella detection in naturally contaminated raw duck wing samples. Under optimal IMS conditions (30 min bead incubation and 3 min magnetic separation times), approximately 85 and 64% of S. Typhimurium cells were captured by Dynabeads® from pure culture and inoculated raw duck wings, respectively. Although Sal and ttr primers exhibited 100% inclusivity and exclusivity for 16 Salmonella spp. and 36 non-Salmonella strains, the Sal primer showed lower LOD (10(3) CFU/ml) and higher PCR efficiency (94.1%) than the invA and ttr primers. Moreover, for Sal and invA primers, 100% detection probability on raw duck wings suspension was observed at 10(3) and 10(4) CFU/ml with and without IMS, respectively. Thus, the Sal primer was chosen for further experiments. The optimized PCR-IMS method was significantly (P=0.0011) better at detecting healthy Salmonella cells after 7-h enrichment than traditional PCR method. However there was no significant difference between the two methods with longer enrichment time (14 h). The diagnostic accuracy of PCR-IMS was shown to be 98.3% through the validation study. These results indicate that the optimized PCR-IMS method in this study could provide a sensitive, specific and rapid detection method for Salmonella on raw duck wings, enabling 10-h detection. However, a longer enrichment time could be needed for resuscitation and reliable detection of heat-injured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwang Zheng
- Food Science & Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Marta Mikš-Krajnik
- Food Science & Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore; Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Yishan Yang
- Food Science & Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hyun-Gyun Yuk
- Food Science & Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, No. 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Specific peptides as alternative to antibody ligands for biomagnetic separation of Clostridium tyrobutyricum spores. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:3219-26. [PMID: 22160206 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the reference method for the detection of Clostridium tyrobutyricum in milk is the most-probable-number method, a very time-consuming and non-specific method. In this work, the suitability of the use of superparamagnetic beads coated with specific antibodies and peptides for bioseparation and concentration of spores of C. tyrobutyricum has been assessed. Peptide or antibody functionalized nanoparticles were able to specifically bind C. tyrobutyricum spores and concentrate them up to detectable levels. Moreover, several factors, such as particle size (200 nm and 1 μm), particle derivatization (aminated and carboxylated beads), coating method, and type of ligand have been studied in order to establish the most appropriate conditions for spore separation. Results show that concentration of spore is favored by a smaller bead size due to the wider surface of interaction in relation to particle volume. Antibody orientation, related to the binding method, is also critical in spore recovery. However, specific peptides seem to be a better ligand than antibodies, not only due to the higher recovery ratio of spores obtained but also due to the prolonged stability over time, allowing an optimal recovery of spores up to 3 weeks after bead coating. These results demonstrate that specific peptides bound to magnetic nanoparticles can be used instead of traditional antibodies to specifically bind C. tyrobutyricum spores being a potential basis for a rapid method to detect this bacterial target.
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Optimization of antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for target preconcentration and immunoassays. Anal Biochem 2010; 410:124-32. [PMID: 21078282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors based on antibody recognition have a wide range of monitoring applications that apply to clinical, environmental, homeland security, and food problems. In an effort to improve the limit of detection of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Array Biosensor, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were designed and tested using a fluorescence-based array biosensor. The MNPs were coated with the fluorescently labeled protein, AlexaFluor647-chicken IgG (Alexa647-chick IgG). Antibody-labeled MNPs (Alexa647-chick-MNPs) were used to preconcentrate the target via magnetic separation and as the tracer to demonstrate binding to slides modified with anti-chicken IgG as a capture agent. A full optimization study of the antibody-modified MNPs and their use in the biosensor was performed. This investigation looked at the Alexa647-chick-MNP composition, MNP surface modifications, target preconcentration conditions, and the effect that magnetic extraction has on the Alexa647-chick-MNP binding with the array surface. The results demonstrate the impact of magnetic extraction using the MNPs labeled with fluorescent proteins both for target preconcentration and for subsequent integration into immunoassays performed under flow conditions for enhanced signal generation.
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Schemberg JÃ, Grodrian A, Römer R, Gastrock G, Lemke K. Online optical detection of food contaminants in microdroplets. Eng Life Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200800127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Boschke E, Steingroewer J, Bley T. Einsatz der biomagnetischen Separation zur mikrobiologischen Qualitätskontrolle von Lebensmitteln. CHEM-ING-TECH 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200500048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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