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Kayalvizhi R, Sanjana J, Jacob S, Kumar V. An Eclectic Review on Dicarboxylic Acid Production Through Yeast Cell Factories and Its Industrial Prominence. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:147. [PMID: 38642080 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Dicarboxylic acid (DCA) is a multifaceted chemical intermediate, recoursed to produce many industrially important products such as adhesives, plasticizers, lubricants, polymers, etc. To bypass the shortcomings of the chemical methods of synthesis of DCA and to reduce fossil fuel footprints, bio-based synthesis is gaining attention. In pursuit of an eco-friendly sustainable alternative method of DCA production, microbial cell factories, and renewable organic resources are gaining popularity. Among the plethora of microbial communities, yeast is being favored industrially compared to bacterial fermentation due to its hyperosmotic and low pH tolerance and flexibility for gene manipulations. By application of rapidly evolving genetic manipulation techniques, the bio-based DCA production could be made more precise and economical. To bridge the gap between supply and demand of DCA, many strategies are employed to improve the fermentation. This review briefly outlines the advancements in DCA production using yeast cell factories with the exemplification of strain improvement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Kayalvizhi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chengalpattu Dist., Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Jayacumar Sanjana
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chengalpattu Dist., Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Samuel Jacob
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chengalpattu Dist., Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK.
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Wu D, Xu F, Xu Y, Huang M, Li Z, Chu J. Towards a hybrid model-driven platform based on flux balance analysis and a machine learning pipeline for biosystem design. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:33-42. [PMID: 38234412 PMCID: PMC10793177 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic modeling and machine learning (ML) are crucial components of the evolving next-generation tools in systems and synthetic biology, aiming to unravel the intricate relationship between genotype, phenotype, and the environment. Nonetheless, the comprehensive exploration of integrating these two frameworks, and fully harnessing the potential of fluxomic data, remains an unexplored territory. In this study, we present, rigorously evaluate, and compare ML-based techniques for data integration. The hybrid model revealed that the overexpression of six target genes and the knockout of seven target genes contribute to enhanced ethanol production. Specifically, we investigated the influence of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) on ethanol biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through shake flask experiments. The findings indicate a noticeable increase in ethanol yield, ranging from 6 % to 10 %, in SDH subunit gene knockout strains compared to the wild-type strain. Moreover, in pursuit of a high-yielding strain for ethanol production, dual-gene deletion experiments were conducted targeting glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) and SDH. The results unequivocally demonstrate significant enhancements in ethanol production for the engineered strains Δsdh4Δgpd1, Δsdh5Δgpd1, Δsdh6Δgpd1, Δsdh4Δgpd2, Δsdh5Δgpd2, and Δsdh6Δgpd2, with improvements of 21.6 %, 27.9 %, and 22.7 %, respectively. Overall, the results highlighted that integrating mechanistic flux features substantially improves the prediction of gene knockout strains not accounted for in metabolic reconstructions. In addition, the finding in this study delivers valuable tools for comprehending and manipulating intricate phenotypes, thereby enhancing prediction accuracy and facilitating deeper insights into mechanistic aspects within the field of synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yaying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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Wang S, Yang Y, Yu K, Xu S, Liu M, Sun J, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Yuan W. Engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for producing pyruvate from glycerol. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:98. [PMID: 35463047 PMCID: PMC8934898 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to increase pyruvate production by engineering Yarrowia lipolytica through modifying the glycerol metabolic pathway. Results: Wild-type Yarrowia lipolytica (Po1d) was engineered to produce six different strains, namely ZS099 (by over-expressing PYK1), ZS100 (by deleting DGA2), ZS101 (by over-expressing DAK1, DAK2, and GCY1), ZS102 (by over-expressing GUT1 and GUT2), ZS103 (by over-expressing GUT1) and ZSGP (by over-expressing POS5 and deleting GPD2). Production of pyruvate from engineered and control strains was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Subsequently, the fermentation conditions for producing pyruvate were optimized, including the amount of initial inoculation, the addition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), thiamine and glycerol. Finally, for scaled-up purposes, a 20-L fermentor was used. It was observed that pyruvate production increased by 136% (8.55 g/L) in ZSGP strain compared to control (3.62 g/L). Furthermore, pyruvate production by ZSGP reached up to 110.4 g/L in 96 h in the scaled-up process. We conclude that ZSGP strain of Y. lipolytica can be effectively used for pyruvate production at the industrial level. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03158-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songmao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No 18 of Changwang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No 18 of Changwang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Kechen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No 18 of Changwang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Shiyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No 18 of Changwang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Mengzhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No 18 of Changwang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No 18 of Changwang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No 18 of Changwang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Yinjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No 18 of Changwang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No 18 of Changwang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 China
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Repurposing anaerobic digestate for economical biomanufacturing and water recovery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1419-1434. [PMID: 35122155 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Due to mounting impacts of climate change, particularly increased incidence of drought, hence water scarcity, it has become imperative to develop new technologies for recovering water from nutrient-rich, water-replete effluents other than sewage. Notably, anaerobic digestate could be harnessed for the purpose of water recovery by repurposing digestate-borne minerals as nutrients in fermentative processes. The high concentrations of ammonium, phosphate, sulfate, and metals in anaerobic digestate are veritable microbial nutrients that could be harnessed for bio-production of bulk and specialty chemicals. Tethering nutrient sequestration from anaerobic digestate to bio-product accumulation offers promise for concomitant water recovery, bio-chemical production, and possible phosphate recovery. In this review, we explore the potential of anaerobic digestate as a nutrient source and as a buffering agent in fermentative production of glutamine, glutamate, fumarate, lactate, and succinate. Additionally, we discuss the potential of synthetic biology as a tool for enhancing nutrient removal from anaerobic digestate and for expanding the range of products derivable from digestate-based fermentations. Strategies that harness the nutrients in anaerobic digestate with bio-product accumulation and water recovery could have far-reaching implications on sustainable management of nutrient-rich manure, tannery, and fish processing effluents that also contain high amounts of water. KEY POINTS: • Anaerobic digestate may serve as a source of nutrients in fermentation. • Use of digestate in fermentation would lead to the recovery of valuable water.
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Raajaraam L, Raman K. A Computational Framework to Identify Metabolic Engineering Strategies for the Co-Production of Metabolites. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:779405. [PMID: 35071202 PMCID: PMC8777033 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.779405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial production of chemicals is a more sustainable alternative to traditional chemical processes. However, the shift to bioprocess is usually accompanied by a drop in economic feasibility. Co-production of more than one chemical can improve the economy of bioprocesses, enhance carbon utilization and also ensure better exploitation of resources. While a number of tools exist for in silico metabolic engineering, there is a dearth of computational tools that can co-optimize the production of multiple metabolites. In this work, we propose co-FSEOF (co-production using Flux Scanning based on Enforced Objective Flux), an algorithm designed to identify intervention strategies to co-optimize the production of a set of metabolites. Co-FSEOF can be used to identify all pairs of products that can be co-optimized with ease using a single intervention. Beyond this, it can also identify higher-order intervention strategies for a given set of metabolites. We have employed this tool on the genome-scale metabolic models of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and identified intervention targets that can co-optimize the production of pairs of metabolites under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic conditions were found to support the co-production of a higher number of metabolites when compared to aerobic conditions in both organisms. The proposed computational framework will enhance the ease of study of metabolite co-production and thereby aid the design of better bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Raajaraam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, India.,Centre for Integrative Biology and Systems mEdicine (IBSE), IIT Madras, Chennai, India.,Robert Bosch Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (RBCDSAI), IIT Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Karthik Raman
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, India.,Centre for Integrative Biology and Systems mEdicine (IBSE), IIT Madras, Chennai, India.,Robert Bosch Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (RBCDSAI), IIT Madras, Chennai, India
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Suthers PF, Maranas CD. Examining organic acid production potential and growth-coupled strategies in Issatchenkia orientalis using constraint-based modeling. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3276. [PMID: 35603544 PMCID: PMC9786923 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Growth-coupling product formation can facilitate strain stability by aligning industrial objectives with biological fitness. Organic acids make up many building block chemicals that can be produced from sugars obtainable from renewable biomass. Issatchenkia orientalis is a yeast strain tolerant to acidic conditions and is thus a promising host for industrial production of organic acids. Here, we use constraint-based methods to assess the potential of computationally designing growth-coupled production strains for I. orientalis that produce 22 different organic acids under aerobic or microaerobic conditions. We explore native and engineered pathways using glucose or xylose as the carbon substrates as proxy constituents of hydrolyzed biomass. We identified growth-coupled production strategies for 37 of the substrate-product pairs, with 15 pairs achieving production for any growth rate. We systematically assess the strain design solutions and categorize the underlying principles involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F. Suthers
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA,Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Costas D. Maranas
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA,Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
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Gambacorta FV, Dietrich JJ, Yan Q, Pfleger BF. Corrigendum to "Rewiring yeast metabolism to synthesize products beyond ethanol" [Curr Opin Chem Biol 59 (December 2020) 182-192]. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 59:202-204. [PMID: 33199243 PMCID: PMC9744135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca V. Gambacorta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Joshua J. Dietrich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Qiang Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Brian F. Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison,Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,corresponding author
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8
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Zahoor A, Messerschmidt K, Boecker S, Klamt S. ATPase-based implementation of enforced ATP wasting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for improved ethanol production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:185. [PMID: 33292464 PMCID: PMC7654063 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enforced ATP wasting has been recognized as a promising metabolic engineering strategy to enhance the microbial production of metabolites that are coupled to ATP generation. It also appears to be a suitable approach to improve production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the present study, we constructed different S. cerevisiae strains with heterologous expression of genes of the ATP-hydrolyzing F1-part of the ATPase enzyme to induce enforced ATP wasting and quantify the resulting effect on biomass and ethanol formation. RESULTS In contrast to genomic integration, we found that episomal expression of the αβγ subunits of the F1-ATPase genes of Escherichia coli in S. cerevisiae resulted in significantly increased ATPase activity, while neither genomic integration nor episomal expression of the β subunit from Trichoderma reesei could enhance ATPase activity. When grown in minimal medium under anaerobic growth-coupled conditions, the strains expressing E. coli's F1-ATPase genes showed significantly improved ethanol yield (increase of 10% compared to the control strain). However, elevated product formation reduces biomass formation and, therefore, volumetric productivity. We demonstrate that this negative effect can be overcome under growth-decoupled (nitrogen-starved) operation with high and constant biomass concentration. Under these conditions, which mimic the second (production) phase of a two-stage fermentation process, the ATPase-expressing strains showed significant improvement in volumetric productivity (up to 111%) compared to the control strain. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that expression of genes of the F1-portion of E. coli's ATPase induces ATPase activity in S. cerevisiae and can be a promising way to improve ethanol production. This ATP-wasting strategy can be easily applied to other metabolites of interest, whose formation is coupled to ATP generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zahoor
- Analysis and Redesign of Biological Networks, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Messerschmidt
- Analysis and Redesign of Biological Networks, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Simon Boecker
- Analysis and Redesign of Biological Networks, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Klamt
- Analysis and Redesign of Biological Networks, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Gambacorta FV, Dietrich JJ, Yan Q, Pfleger BF. Rewiring yeast metabolism to synthesize products beyond ethanol. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 59:182-192. [PMID: 33032255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Baker's yeast, is the industrial workhorse for producing ethanol and the subject of substantial metabolic engineering research in both industry and academia. S. cerevisiae has been used to demonstrate production of a wide range of chemical products from glucose. However, in many cases, the demonstrations report titers and yields that fall below thresholds for industrial feasibility. Ethanol synthesis is a central part of S. cerevisiae metabolism, and redirecting flux to other products remains a barrier to industrialize strains for producing other molecules. Removing ethanol producing pathways leads to poor fitness, such as impaired growth on glucose. Here, we review metabolic engineering efforts aimed at restoring growth in non-ethanol producing strains with emphasis on relieving glucose repression associated with the Crabtree effect and rewiring metabolism to provide access to critical cellular building blocks. Substantial progress has been made in the past decade, but many opportunities for improvement remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca V Gambacorta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Joshua J Dietrich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Qiang Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Brian F Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Deng Y. Recent progress on bio-based production of dicarboxylic acids in yeast. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4259-4272. [PMID: 32215709 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dicarboxylic acids are widely used in fine chemical and food industries as well as the monomer for polymerisation of high molecular material. Given the problems of environmental contamination and sustainable development faced by traditional production of dicarboxylic acids based on petrol, new approaches such as bio-based production of dicarboxylic acids drew more attentions. The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was regarded as an ideal organism for bio-based production of dicarboxylic acids with high tolerance to acidic and hyperosmotic environments, robust growth using a broad range of substrates, great convenience for genetic manipulation, stable inheritance via sub-cultivation, and food compatibility. In this review, the production of major dicarboxylates via S. cerevisiae was concluded and the challenges and opportunities facing were discussed.Key Points• Summary of current production of major dicarboxylic acids by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.• Discussion of influence factors on four-carbon dicarboxylic acids production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.• Outlook of potential production of five- and six-carbon dicarboxylic acids by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunying Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingli Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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