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Ortiz Tena F, Bickel V, Steinweg C, Posten C. Continuous microalgae cultivation for wastewater treatment - Development of a process strategy during day and night. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169082. [PMID: 38056654 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wastewater treatment (WWT) is not able to recycle nutrients from the wastewater (WW) directly. Microalgae integrate the valuable nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus within their biomass very efficiently, making them predestined for an application in WWT. Nevertheless, microalgae-based processes are driven by natural sunlight as energy source, making a continuous process mode during day and night difficult. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate metabolic activities of the continuously cultivated microalgae Chlorella vulgaris at light and dark periods (16 h,8 h) with focus on nutrient uptake during night from a synthetic WW. Varying the dilution rate D (D = 0.0-1.0 d-1 in 0.1 d-1-steps) causes different limitations for algae growth. Nutrient limitations at low D's cause maximum accumulation of intracellular storage components (sum of carbohydrates and lipids) of ~70 % of dry biomass, starch is converted to lipids at the absence of light. From middle to high D's, the growth rate is determined by light limitation, reducing the intracellular storage components to ~20 % of dry biomass. Complete nutrient uptake is measurable up to D = 0.5 d-1, marking the maximum operating point for wastewater purification. At that point, cells are characterised by high protein (up to 57%DBM) and pigment (up to 6.9%DBM) quotas. During the night, the build-up of proteins at the degradation of intracellular storage components is furthermore visible. Applying the concept of active biomass (cells without storage components), a constant cellular protein (~68%ABM) and nitrogen quota (11.94%ABM) was revealed. A nitrogen spiking experiment clearly showed nitrogen uptake and proliferation during the night period. Based on the experimental data, a window of operation for a continuous WWT process was designed, allowing the hypothesis that continuous WWT using microalgae during day and night operation is possible without the supplementation of artificial light. This revealed the system's capacity to treat WW throughout 24 h applying cell recycling and storage of carbohydrate-rich biomass. At the end of the night, protein-rich biomass is available for further valorisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Ortiz Tena
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Victoria Bickel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Steinweg
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Clemens Posten
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Dey R, Ortiz Tena F, Wang S, Martin Messmann J, Steinweg C, Thomsen C, Posten C, Leu S, Ullrich MS, Thomsen L. Exploring advanced phycoremediation strategies for resource recovery from secondary wastewater using a large scale photobioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129986. [PMID: 37931766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the operation of a 1000L microalgae-based membrane photobioreactor system in a greenhouse for continuous secondary wastewater treatment using Desmodesmus sp., a green microalgae strain originally isolated from a German sewage plant. The research spanned both summer and winter seasons, seeking to comprehend key trends and optimization strategies. Maintaining low cell concentrations in the photobioreactor during periods of light inhibition proved advantageous for nutrient uptake rates. Effective strategies for enhancing algae-based wastewater treatment included cell mass recycling, particularly during periods of high light availability. In comparison to conventional continuous cultivation methods, employing cell recycling and high dilution rates during times of abundant light, alongside using low cell concentrations and dilution rates during light inhibition, resulted in an 80 % and 10 % increase in overall biomass productivity during summer and winter, respectively. Furthermore, nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) removal rates exhibited a 23 % improvement during winter, while remaining unchanged in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Dey
- School of Science, Constructor University Bremen, Germany.
| | | | - Song Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Leu
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | | | - Laurenz Thomsen
- School of Science, Constructor University Bremen, Germany; University of Gothenburg, Department of Marine Sciences Sweden
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Khan S, Das P, Abdulquadir M, Thaher M, Al-Ghasal G, Hafez Mohammed Kashem A, Faisal M, Sayadi S, Al-Jabri H. Pilot-scale crossflow ultrafiltration of four different cell-sized marine microalgae to assess the ultrafiltration performance and energy requirements. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Ray P, Chakraborty R, Banik O, Banoth E, Kumar P. Surface Engineering of a Bioartificial Membrane for Its Application in Bioengineering Devices. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3606-3629. [PMID: 36743049 PMCID: PMC9893455 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technology is playing a crucial role in cutting-edge innovations in the biomedical field. One such innovation is the surface engineering of a membrane for enhanced longevity, efficient separation, and better throughput. Hence, surface engineering is widely used while developing membranes for its use in bioartificial organ development, separation processes, extracorporeal devices, etc. Chemical-based surface modifications are usually performed by functional group/biomolecule grafting, surface moiety modification, and altercation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. Further, creation of micro/nanogrooves, pillars, channel networks, and other topologies is achieved to modify physio-mechanical processes. These surface modifications facilitate improved cellular attachment, directional migration, and communication among the neighboring cells and enhanced diffusional transport of nutrients, gases, and waste across the membrane. These modifications, apart from improving functional efficiency, also help in overcoming fouling issues, biofilm formation, and infection incidences. Multiple strategies are adopted, like lysozyme enzymatic action, topographical modifications, nanomaterial coating, and antibiotic/antibacterial agent doping in the membrane to counter the challenges of biofilm formation, fouling challenges, and microbial invasion. Therefore, in the current review, we have comprehensibly discussed different types of membranes, their fabrication and surface modifications, antifouling/antibacterial strategies, and their applications in bioengineering. Thus, this review would benefit bioengineers and membrane scientists who aim to improve membranes for applications in tissue engineering, bioseparation, extra corporeal membrane devices, wound healing, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyan Ray
- BioDesign
and Medical Devices Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, Sector-1, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Ruchira Chakraborty
- BioDesign
and Medical Devices Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, Sector-1, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Oindrila Banik
- BioDesign
and Medical Devices Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, Sector-1, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
- Opto-Biomedical
Microsystem Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Sector-1, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Earu Banoth
- Opto-Biomedical
Microsystem Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Sector-1, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Prasoon Kumar
- BioDesign
and Medical Devices Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, Sector-1, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
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Yap JX, Leo CP, Chan DJC, Mohd Yasin NH, Show PL. Air-liquid interface cultivation of Navicula incerta using hollow fiber membranes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135625. [PMID: 35820481 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation in open ponds requires a large footprint, while most photobioreactors need improvement in the ratio of surface to volume and energy consumption. In this study, polyethersulfone (PES) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes with a large surface area were rearranged into open-ended and dead-ended configurations to improve the air-liquid interface cultivation of Navicula incerta. N. incerta were successfully grown on the porous membrane surface with the nutrients circulating inside the lumen. Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed the accumulation of polysaccharides, proteins and humic acids. Hydrophilic polysaccharides reduced water contact angles on PES and PVDF membranes to 37.2 ± 2.6° and 55.7 ± 3.3°, respectively. However, the porosity of PES (80.1 ± 1.1%) and PVDF (61.3 ± 4.5%) membranes were not significantly affected even after cultivation and harvesting of N. incerta. Scanning electron images further confirmed that N. incerta, cell debris and extracellular organic matter accumulated on the membrane. With large pores and a hydrophobic surface, PVDF hollow fiber membranes offered a greater improvement in N. incerta cell growth rate compared to PES hollow fiber membranes despite using different configurations. In the dead-ended configuration, they even attained the greatest improvement in N. incerta growth rate, up to 54.0%. However, PES hollow fiber membranes only achieved improvement in harvesting efficiency within the range of 18.7-38.0% due to weak cell adhesion. PVDF hollow fiber membranes significantly promoted the growth of microalgae N. incerta through the air-liquid interface system, leading to potential applications in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xin Yap
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - C P Leo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Derek Juinn Chieh Chan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nazlina Haiza Mohd Yasin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, B34, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
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The Fouling Effect on Commercial Ceramic Membranes during Filtration of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Monoraphidium contortum. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15103745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although interest in the use of membranes for the concentration of microalgal biomass has steadily been growing, little is known regarding the phenomena of membrane fouling. In addition, more attention has been given to polymeric membranes compared to ceramic membranes, which have a longer life that is associated with a higher resistance to aggressive chemical cleaning. In this study, microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) of two microalgae species, Chlorella vulgaris and Monoraphidium contortum, were carried out using tubular crossflow ceramic membranes. Permeate flux was measured, resistance was calculated, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined. The flux reduction during the first 10 min of filtration was higher for MF than UF (>70% and <50%), and steady-state permeate fluxes were <5% (for MF) and <25% (for UF) of initial (in m3 m−2 s−1) 6.2 × 10−4 (for MF) and 1.7 × 10−4 (for UF). Total resistances (in m−1) were in the ranges of 4.2–5.4 × 1012 (UF) and 2.6–3.1 × 1012 (MF) for M. contortum and C. vulgaris, respectively. DOC reduction was higher for UF membrane (>80%) than for MF (<66%) and DOC concentrations (mg C L−1) in permeates following MF and UF were about five and two, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrated: (i) higher irreversible resistance for UF and reversible resistance for MF; (ii) permeate flux higher for UF and for M. contortum; (iii) the significant role of dissolved organic compounds in the formation of reversible resistance for MF and irreversible resistance for UF.
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Submerged hollow-fiber-ultrafiltration for harvesting microalgae used for bioremediation of a secondary wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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