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Doubaj Y, Zrhidri A, Elalaoui SC, Lyahyai J, El Kadiri Y, Elkassimi N, Sbiti A, El Kababri M, Hessissen L, Sefiani A. Clinical, cytogenetic and molecular findings in nine Moroccan patients with Fanconi anemia. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:72. [PMID: 34422195 PMCID: PMC8363957 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.72.27220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited hematological disease due to a defect in the DNA repair pathway resulting in congenital abnormalities and high susceptibility to develop cancers. The cytogenetic analysis using alkylating agents is still a reference test to establish the diagnosis. Despite the genetic heterogeneity, the identification of the causal mutation is actually performed especially after the development of next generation sequencing (NGS). Methods we report here nine Moroccan patients referred to the department of Medical Genetics for suspicion of FA. We realized a genetic consultation to establish a clinical record with biological data before carrying out the genetic analysis. Karyotyping with mitomycin was performed for all the probands before elaborating molecular study. We used massively parallel sequencing to analyse the three most frequent mutated genes FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG, representing 84% of all genes involved in FA. Results all the patients showed hematological signs associated with at least one extra-hematological congenital anomaly. The chromosomal breaks were significantly higher for the nine patients, compared to the controls. The molecular diagnosis was confirmed in 8 of the 9 families tested (88.8%) with 4 novel mutations. The next generation based sequencing identified 9 variations: 6 in the FANCA gene (66.6%), 3 in the FANCG gene (33.3%) and no FANCC variation was found. Of those, 7 were homozygous and 2 were compounds heterozygous. Conclusion to the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular report of Moroccan patients with FA suggesting the predominance of two genes without any recurrent mutation. The molecular analysis of FANCA and FANCG genes should be offered first for all patients in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassamine Doubaj
- Centre de Recherche en Génomique et Pathologies Humaines (Centre GENOPATH), Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Abdelali Zrhidri
- Centre de Recherche en Génomique et Pathologies Humaines (Centre GENOPATH), Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Siham Chafai Elalaoui
- Centre de Recherche en Génomique et Pathologies Humaines (Centre GENOPATH), Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Jaber Lyahyai
- Centre de Recherche en Génomique et Pathologies Humaines (Centre GENOPATH), Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Youssef El Kadiri
- Centre de Recherche en Génomique et Pathologies Humaines (Centre GENOPATH), Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Nadia Elkassimi
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Aziza Sbiti
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Maria El Kababri
- Centre d´Hématologie et Oncologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital d´Enfants, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Laila Hessissen
- Centre d´Hématologie et Oncologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital d´Enfants, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Abdelaziz Sefiani
- Centre de Recherche en Génomique et Pathologies Humaines (Centre GENOPATH), Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Maroc
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García-de-Teresa B, Rodríguez A, Frias S. Chromosome Instability in Fanconi Anemia: From Breaks to Phenotypic Consequences. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1528. [PMID: 33371494 PMCID: PMC7767525 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA), a chromosomal instability syndrome, is caused by inherited pathogenic variants in any of 22 FANC genes, which cooperate in the FA/BRCA pathway. This pathway regulates the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) through homologous recombination. In FA proper repair of ICLs is impaired and accumulation of toxic DNA double strand breaks occurs. To repair this type of DNA damage, FA cells activate alternative error-prone DNA repair pathways, which may lead to the formation of gross structural chromosome aberrations of which radial figures are the hallmark of FA, and their segregation during cell division are the origin of subsequent aberrations such as translocations, dicentrics and acentric fragments. The deficiency in DNA repair has pleiotropic consequences in the phenotype of patients with FA, including developmental alterations, bone marrow failure and an extreme risk to develop cancer. The mechanisms leading to the physical abnormalities during embryonic development have not been clearly elucidated, however FA has features of premature aging with chronic inflammation mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, which results in tissue attrition, selection of malignant clones and cancer onset. Moreover, chromosomal instability and cell death are not exclusive of the somatic compartment, they also affect germinal cells, as evidenced by the infertility observed in patients with FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benilde García-de-Teresa
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Sara Frias
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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Nucera S, Fazio G, Piazza R, Rigamonti S, Fontana D, Gambacorti Passerini C, Maitz S, Rovelli A, Biondi A, Cazzaniga G, Balduzzi A. Germ-Line TP53 Mutation in an Adolescent With CMML/Atypical CML and Familiar Cancer Predisposition. Hemasphere 2020; 4:e460. [PMID: 33163904 PMCID: PMC7643904 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Nucera
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Rigamonti
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Diletta Fontana
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Gambacorti Passerini
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Maitz
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Attilio Rovelli
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovauni Cazzaniga
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Adriana Balduzzi
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
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Bottega R, Nicchia E, Cappelli E, Ravera S, De Rocco D, Faleschini M, Corsolini F, Pierri F, Calvillo M, Russo G, Casazza G, Ramenghi U, Farruggia P, Dufour C, Savoia A. Hypomorphic FANCA mutations correlate with mild mitochondrial and clinical phenotype in Fanconi anemia. Haematologica 2017; 103:417-426. [PMID: 29269525 PMCID: PMC5830397 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.176131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is a rare disease characterized by congenital malformations, aplastic anemia, and predisposition to cancer. Despite the consolidated role of the Fanconi anemia proteins in DNA repair, their involvement in mitochondrial function is emerging. The purpose of this work was to assess whether the mitochondrial phenotype, independent of genomic integrity, could correlate with patient phenotype. We evaluated mitochondrial and clinical features of 11 affected individuals homozygous or compound heterozygous for p.His913Pro and p.Arg951Gln/Trp, the two residues of FANCA that are more frequently affected in our cohort of patients. Although p.His913Pro and p.Arg951Gln proteins are stably expressed in cytoplasm, they are unable to migrate in the nucleus, preventing cells from repairing DNA. In these cells, the electron transfer between respiring complex I–III is reduced and the ATP/AMP ratio is impaired with defective ATP production and AMP accumulation. These activities are intermediate between those observed in wild-type and FANCA−/− cells, suggesting that the variants at residues His913 and Arg951 are hypomorphic mutations. Consistent with these findings, the clinical phenotype of most of the patients carrying these mutations is mild. These data further support the recent finding that the Fanconi anemia proteins play a role in mitochondria, and open up possibilities for genotype/phenotype studies based on novel mitochondrial criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bottega
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Nicchia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Cappelli
- Clinical and Experimental Hematology Unit, "G. Gaslini" Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Biochemistry Lab, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela De Rocco
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Faleschini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Corsolini
- U.O.S.D. Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche, "G. Gaslini" Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Filomena Pierri
- Clinical and Experimental Hematology Unit, "G. Gaslini" Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michaela Calvillo
- Clinical and Experimental Hematology Unit, "G. Gaslini" Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Russo
- Oncology Hematology Pediatric Unit, "Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Casazza
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera/Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Palermo, Italy
| | - Piero Farruggia
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, ARNAS Civico Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Dufour
- Clinical and Experimental Hematology Unit, "G. Gaslini" Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Savoia
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy .,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Genoa, Italy
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Common Chemical Inductors of Replication Stress: Focus on Cell-Based Studies. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7010019. [PMID: 28230817 PMCID: PMC5372731 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is a highly demanding process regarding the energy and material supply and must be precisely regulated, involving multiple cellular feedbacks. The slowing down or stalling of DNA synthesis and/or replication forks is referred to as replication stress (RS). Owing to the complexity and requirements of replication, a plethora of factors may interfere and challenge the genome stability, cell survival or affect the whole organism. This review outlines chemical compounds that are known inducers of RS and commonly used in laboratory research. These compounds act on replication by direct interaction with DNA causing DNA crosslinks and bulky lesions (cisplatin), chemical interference with the metabolism of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (hydroxyurea), direct inhibition of the activity of replicative DNA polymerases (aphidicolin) and interference with enzymes dealing with topological DNA stress (camptothecin, etoposide). As a variety of mechanisms can induce RS, the responses of mammalian cells also vary. Here, we review the activity and mechanism of action of these compounds based on recent knowledge, accompanied by examples of induced phenotypes, cellular readouts and commonly used doses.
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Wegman-Ostrosky T, Savage SA. The genomics of inherited bone marrow failure: from mechanism to the clinic. Br J Haematol 2017; 177:526-542. [PMID: 28211564 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) typically present with significant cytopenias in at least one haematopoietic cell lineage that may progress to pancytopenia, and are associated with increased risk of cancer. Although the clinical features of the IBMFS are often diagnostic, variable disease penetrance and expressivity may result in diagnostic dilemmas. The discovery of the genetic aetiology of the IBMFS has been greatly facilitated by next-generation sequencing methods. This has advanced understanding of the underlying biology of the IBMFS and been essential in improving clinical management and genetic counselling for affected patients. Herein we review the clinical features, underlying biology, and new genomic discoveries in the IBMFS, including Fanconi anaemia, dyskeratosis congenita, Diamond Blackfan anaemia, Shwachman Diamond syndrome and some disorders of the myeloid and megakaryocytic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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