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Heidari H, Lawrence DA. An integrative exploration of environmental stressors on the microbiome-gut-brain axis and immune mechanisms promoting neurological disorders. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2024:1-31. [PMID: 38994870 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2024.2378406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome-gut-brain axis is altered by environmental stressors such as heat, diet, and pollutants as well as microbes in the air, water, and soil. These stressors might alter the host's microbiome and symbiotic relationship by modifying the microbial composition or location. Compartmentalized mutualistic microbes promote the beneficial interactions in the host leading to circulating metabolites and hormones such as insulin and leptin that affect inter-organ functions. Inflammation and oxidative stress induced by environmental stressors may alter the composition, distribution, and activities of the microbes in the microbiomes such that the resultant metabolite and hormone changes are no longer beneficial. The microbiome-gut-brain axis and immune adverse changes that may accompany environmental stressors are reviewed for effects on innate and adaptive immune cells, which may make host immunity less responsive to pathogens and more reactive to self-antigens. Cardiovascular and fluid exchanges to organs might adversely alter organ functionality. Organs, especially the brain, need a consistent supply of nutrients and clearance of debris; disruption of these exchanges by stressors, and involvement of gut microbiome are discussed regarding neural dysfunctions with Alzheimer's disease, autistic spectrum disorders, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases. The focus of this review includes the manner in which environmental stressors may disrupt gut microbiota leading to adverse immune and hormonal influences on development of neuropathology related to hyperhomocysteinemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and how certain therapeutics may be beneficial. Strategies are explored to lessen detrimental effects of environmental stressors on central and peripheral health navigated toward (1) understanding neurological disorders and (2) promoting environmental and public health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Heidari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - David A Lawrence
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, USA
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
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Ambeskovic M, Laplante DP, Kenney T, Elgbeili G, Beaumier P, Azat N, Simcock G, Kildea S, King S, Metz GAS. Elemental analysis of hair provides biomarkers of maternal hardship linked to adverse behavioural outcomes in 4-year-old children: The QF2011 Queensland Flood Study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127036. [PMID: 35841837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to adverse experiences during pregnancy, such as a natural disaster, can modify development of the child with potential long-term consequences. Elemental hair analysis may provide useful indicators of cellular homeostasis and child health. The present study investigated (1) if flood-induced prenatal maternal stress is associated with altered hair elemental profiles in 4-year-old children, and (2) if hair elemental profiles are associated with behavioural outcomes in children. METHODS Participants were 75 children (39 boys; 36 girls) whose mothers were exposed to varying levels of stress due to a natural disaster (2011 Queensland Flood, Australia) during pregnancy. At 4 years of age, language development, attention and internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed and scalp hair was collected. Hair was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for 28 chemical elements. RESULTS A significant curvilinear association was found between maternal objective hardship and copper levels in boys, as low and high maternal objective hardship levels were associated with the highest hair copper levels. Mediation analysis revealed that low levels of maternal objective hardship and high levels of copper were associated with lower vocabulary scores. Higher levels of maternal objective hardship were associated with higher magnesium levels, which in turn were associated with attention problems and aggression in boys. In girls, high and low maternal objective hardship levels were associated with high calcium/potassium ratios. CONCLUSION Elemental hair analysis may provide a sensitive biomonitoring tool for early identification of health risks in vulnerable children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Ambeskovic
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AL, Canada.
| | - David P Laplante
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada; Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Kenney
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AL, Canada
| | - Guillaume Elgbeili
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Nagy Azat
- CanAlt Health Laboratories, Concord, ON, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Simcock
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QL, Australia; Molly Wardaguga Research Centre, Charles Darwin University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sue Kildea
- Molly Wardaguga Research Centre, Charles Darwin University, Brisbane, Australia; Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Suzanne King
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AL, Canada; Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AL, Canada.
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Mora A, García-Gamboa M, Sánchez-Luna MS, Gloria-García L, Cervantes-Avilés P, Mahlknecht J. A review of the current environmental status and human health implications of one of the most polluted rivers of Mexico: The Atoyac River, Puebla. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146788. [PMID: 33839675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For more than 4 decades, the Atoyac River in central Mexico has been subjected to anthropogenic stresses driven by the urban and industrial wastewater discharges, as well as leachates coming from intensive peri-urban agricultural practices. This review provides an overview of the levels of organic, inorganic and microbiological contaminants found during the past 10 years in waters and bed sediments of the Atoyac system, and the implication of this pollution over the human health. Overall, the Atoyac waters present high loads of nutrients, BOD5, COD, TDS and trace elements (Al, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu). The bacteriological pollution is extremely high; with total coliform values of up to 1012 MPN/100 mL. Anthropogenic organics such as PAHs, PCBs and organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides have been also found in river waters. Although pharmaceuticals have not been surveyed in a broad range, considerable concentrations of Triclosan, Naproxen and Diclofenac have been detected in river waters. Regarding sediments, anoxic conditions promote the precipitation/enrichment of sulfides and associated trace elements (As, Fe, Mo, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr). Microplastics in sediments included films (25.9%), fragments (22.2%), fibers (14.8%) and pellets (11.1%). Fibers from the textile industry were found to accumulate in the aquatic biota of the Valsequillo reservoir. Quality indexes demonstrated that waters and sediments in the Puebla City are the most contaminated. The water of this zone reached the classification of strongly contaminated, whereas the sediments showed the most accumulation/enrichment of major and trace elements of the riverine zones. The main pathologies found in humans were gastrointestinal diseases, whereas children living in vulnerable zones showed elevated levels of cancer biomarkers. Studies have indicated a high risk of suffering cancerous diseases in children that consume contaminated groundwater and high risks for developing non-cancerous diseases in adults working with river-irrigated soils and children consuming milk with high content of river-derived Arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrahan Mora
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Maritza García-Gamboa
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Mari Sol Sánchez-Luna
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Lilian Gloria-García
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Pabel Cervantes-Avilés
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico.
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Montero-Montoya R, López-Vargas MR, Arriaga-Alba M. Oxidative stress status and industrial discharges. Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jiménez-Garza O, Linares-Segovia B, Ruiz-García L, Monroy-Torres R, Hernández-Luna MA. 5'UTR methylation in different genes from workers exposed to volatile organic compounds: A new insight for considering an epigenetic mark as a functional correlate. Toxicol Lett 2020; 330:59-64. [PMID: 32437847 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene-specific methylation has been related with transcriptional/translational consequences in different cells; also, this epigenetic modification is affected by environmental exposures. In previous studies, CYP2E1 activity in toluene-exposed workers was decreased compared to controls, however, CYP2E1 promoter methylation levels did not show significant differences. Here, we compared gene-specific methylation levels at the 5'UTR region, in a subset of workers whom already participated in two former studies, compared to controls. METHODS DNA was obtained from whole blood in five different groups: occupationally exposed to a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOC): high levels (n = 19); low levels (n = 19) and very low levels (n = 17), toluene-exposed workers (n = 19) and control group (n = 19). We performed PCR-pyrosequencing at the 5'UTR region from four genes: CYP2E1, IL-6, SOD1 and TNF-α. RESULTS In participants exposed to high levels of a VOC mixture, we found significant differences: lower methylation levels for IL-6, and higher methylation levels for TNF-α compared to controls. In toluene-exposed workers, we found significant, lower methylation levels for CYP2E1 compared to controls. CONCLUSION Lower methylation levels at the 5'UTR region from CYP2E1 in toluene exposed-workers, suggests that this epigenetic modification could represent a functional correlate regarding enzymatic activity, as a response to toluene biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Jiménez-Garza
- Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, León Campus. Blvd. Puente del Milenio, 1001 Fracc. Del Predio San Carlos, CP 37670, León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Benigno Linares-Segovia
- Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, León Campus. Blvd. Puente del Milenio, 1001 Fracc. Del Predio San Carlos, CP 37670, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Liliana Ruiz-García
- Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, León Campus. Blvd. Puente del Milenio, 1001 Fracc. Del Predio San Carlos, CP 37670, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Monroy-Torres
- Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, León Campus. Blvd. Puente del Milenio, 1001 Fracc. Del Predio San Carlos, CP 37670, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Hernández-Luna
- Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, León Campus. Blvd. Puente del Milenio, 1001 Fracc. Del Predio San Carlos, CP 37670, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Montero-Montoya RD, López-Vargas R, Méndez-Serrano A, Galicia-Alonso I, García-Vargas G, Serrano-García L, Beltrán-Portugal R, Rosado-Zaidi S, Albores-Medina A, Oropeza-Hernández L, Hernández-Cadena L, Mercado-Calderón F, Alvarado-Toledo E, Herrera-Morales S, Arellano-Aguilar O. Increased micronucleus frequencies in reticulocytes of children exposed to industrial pollution: oxidative stress and the OGG1 S326C polymorphism. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 853:503170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Montero-Montoya R, López-Vargas R, Arellano-Aguilar O. Volatile Organic Compounds in Air: Sources, Distribution, Exposure and Associated Illnesses in Children. Ann Glob Health 2018; 84:225-238. [PMID: 30873816 PMCID: PMC6748254 DOI: 10.29024/aogh.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic volatile organic compounds (VOC), like benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), are atmospheric pollutants representing a threat to human health. They are released into the environment from mobile sources in urban settings, but newly polluted areas are gaining importance in countries where accelerated industrialization is taking place in suburban or rural settings. METHODS The review includes studies done in Mexico and Latin-America and countries considered to have emerging economies and are compared with similar studies in developed countries. Data about environmental VOC levels and exposure of children have been included. Also, information about health effects was reviewed. Articles were searched in PubMed and Scopus, and information was also obtained from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the EPAs Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS-EPA) and state reports on air quality of Mexican cities. RESULTS VOC or BTEX levels reported in industrial and suburban areas were found to be higher due to the burning of fossil fuels and waste emission; whereas, in big cities, VOC emissions were mainly due to mobile sources. Even though TEX levels were under reference values, benzene was found at levels several times over this value in cities and even higher in industrial zones. Elevated VOC emissions were also reported in cities with industrial development in their peripheral rural areas.Public health relevance: Industrial activities have changed the way of life of small towns, which previously had no concern about environmental pollution and chemicals. No air monitoring is done in these places where toxic chemicals are released into rivers and the atmosphere. This work demonstrates the need for environmental monitors to protect human life in suburban and rural areas where industrial growth occurs without planning and ecological or health protection, compromising the health of new generations beginning in fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío López-Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, MX
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