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Zhang C, Shi M, Kim W, Arif M, Klevstig M, Li X, Yang H, Bayram C, Bolat I, Tozlu ÖÖ, Hacımuftuoglu A, Yıldırım S, Sebhaoui J, Iqbal S, Wei Y, Shi X, Nielsen J, Turkez H, Uhlen M, Boren J, Mardinoglu A. Discovery of therapeutic agents targeting PKLR for NAFLD using drug repositioning. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104214. [PMID: 35988463 PMCID: PMC9420484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of liver pathologies. However, no medical treatment has been approved for the treatment of NAFLD. In our previous study, we found that PKLR could be a potential target for treatment of NALFD. Here, we investigated the effect of PKLR in in vivo model and performed drug repositioning to identify a drug candidate for treatment of NAFLD. METHODS Tissue samples from liver, muscle, white adipose and heart were obtained from control and PKLR knockout mice fed with chow and high sucrose diets. Lipidomics as well as transcriptomics analyses were conducted using these tissue samples. In addition, a computational drug repositioning analysis was performed and drug candidates were identified. The drug candidates were both tested in in vitro and in vivo models to evaluate their toxicity and efficacy. FINDINGS The Pklr KO reversed the increased hepatic triglyceride level in mice fed with high sucrose diet and partly recovered the transcriptomic changes in the liver as well as in other three tissues. Both liver and white adipose tissues exhibited dysregulated circadian transcriptomic profiles, and these dysregulations were reversed by hepatic knockout of Pklr. In addition, 10 small molecule drug candidates were identified as potential inhibitor of PKLR using our drug repositioning pipeline, and two of them significantly inhibited both the PKLR expression and triglyceride level in in vitro model. Finally, the two selected small molecule drugs were evaluated in in vivo rat models and we found that these drugs attenuate the hepatic steatosis without side effect on other tissues. INTERPRETATION In conclusion, our study provided biological insights about the critical role of PKLR in NAFLD progression and proposed a treatment strategy for NAFLD patients, which has been validated in preclinical studies. FUNDING ScandiEdge Therapeutics and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, PR China
| | - Mengnan Shi
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Woonghee Kim
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martina Klevstig
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Yang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cemil Bayram
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ismail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Özlem Özdemir Tozlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25200 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Jihad Sebhaoui
- Trustlife Laboratories, Drug Research & Development Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Shazia Iqbal
- Trustlife Laboratories, Drug Research & Development Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yongjun Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, PR China
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Boren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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Zamora-Perez AL, Luna-Aguirre J, Zúñiga-González GM, Torres-Bugarín O, Torres-Mendoza BM, Gallegos-Arreola MP, Ortiz-García RG, Gutiérrez-Sevilla JE, Gómez-Meda BC. Micronuclei and Nuclear Buds Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Crocodylus moreletii as Useful Biomarkers in Aquatic Environments. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113178. [PMID: 34827910 PMCID: PMC8614446 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Crocodiles are territorial reptiles that are exposed to both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Analyzing their state of health and the environment in which they live is essential to detect changes that could affect them by exposure to agents that damage their genetic material, putting their health or other species that share said habitat, including humans, at risk. There are several ways to determine exposure to harmful agents, a very simple and direct one is to analyze the nuclei of blood cells under a microscope, a test that can also be carried out directly in their habitat and that gives rapid results on the effects of agents on those at that moment they are exposed. This study demonstrates the possibility of analyzing the blood of Crocodylus moreletii to quickly analyze its exposure to toxic agents in a sample of its blood by evaluating two abnormal structures in its cells under the microscope, demonstrating that evidence of damage can be observed only by analyzing a drop of their blood. Abstract Micronuclei (MN) are used to assess genotoxic exposure, whereas nuclear buds (NBs) have been linked to genotoxic events. Crocodylus moreletii was studied to identify MN and NBs. Three groups were formed: Group 1 (water) and groups 2 and 3 (7 or 10 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide). A drop of blood was obtained daily from the claw tip at 0 to 120 h. Spontaneous micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs) and erythrocytes with nuclear buds (NBEs) were counted. The frequencies of micronucleated young erythrocytes (MNYEs) and NB young erythrocytes (NBYEs) were evaluated, including the ratio of young erythrocytes (YE)/1000 total erythrocytes. No significant differences were observed in the YE proportion on sampling days; group 1 did not show differences for any parameter, whereas group 2 showed significant differences in MNEs and NBEs, and group 3 showed differences in NBEs and NBYEs. Some mitotic activity in circulation was observed in YEs. In conclusion, NBEs could be a more sensitive biomarker to genotoxic damage than MNEs. The identification of these biomarkers leads us to propose Crocodylus moreletii as a possible environment bioindicator because these parameters could be useful to analyze the in vivo health status of these reptiles and for biomonitoring genotoxic pollutants in their habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez
- Departamento de Clínicas Odontológicas Integrales, Instituto de Investigación en Odontología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Jaime Luna-Aguirre
- División de Tecnología Ambiental, Universidad Tecnológica de Puebla, Puebla 72300, Mexico;
| | - Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (G.M.Z.-G.); (R.G.O.-G.)
| | - Olivia Torres-Bugarín
- Departamento de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (B.M.T.-M.); (J.E.G.-S.)
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Martha Patricia Gallegos-Arreola
- División de Genética, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Ramón Guillermo Ortiz-García
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (G.M.Z.-G.); (R.G.O.-G.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Genética Humana “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan Ernesto Gutiérrez-Sevilla
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (B.M.T.-M.); (J.E.G.-S.)
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Genética Humana “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-0(1)-1058-5200 (ext. 33646)
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