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Patel NM, Geropoulos G, Patel PH, Bhogal RH, Harrington KJ, Singanayagam A, Kumar S. The Role of Mucin Expression in the Diagnosis of Oesophago-Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5252. [PMID: 37958425 PMCID: PMC10650431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival in oesophago-gastric cancer (OGC) is poor due to early diagnostic challenges. Non-invasive risk stratification may identify susceptible patients with pre-malignant or benign disease. Following diagnostic confirmation with endoscopic biopsy, early OGC may be treated sooner. Mucins are transmembrane glycoproteins implicated in OGC with potential use as biomarkers of malignant transformation. This systematic review defines the role of mucins in OGC diagnosis. A literature search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane databases was performed following PRISMA protocols for studies published January 1960-December 2022. Demographic data and data on mucin sampling and analysis methods were extracted. The review included 124 studies (n = 11,386 patients). Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAc) was the commonest OG malignancy (n = 101) followed by oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAc, n = 24) and squamous cell carcinoma (OSqCc, n = 10). Mucins MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 were the most frequently implicated. High MUC1 expression correlated with poorer prognosis and metastases in OSqCc. MUC2 expression decreases during progression from healthy mucosa to OAc, causing reduced protection from gastric acid. MUC5AC was upregulated, and MUC6 downregulated in GAc. Mucin expression varies in OGC; changes may be epigenetic or mutational. Profiling upper GI mucin expression in OGC, with pre-malignant, benign and healthy controls may identify potential early diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Manish Patel
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Georgios Geropoulos
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Pranav Harshad Patel
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Ricky Harminder Bhogal
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kevin Joseph Harrington
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sacheen Kumar
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic London Hospital, London SW1X 7HY, UK
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Li H, Yang D, Hao M, Liu H. Differential expression of HAVCR2 gene in pan-cancer: A potential biomarker for survival and immunotherapy. Front Genet 2022; 13:972664. [PMID: 36081997 PMCID: PMC9445440 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.972664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (TIM-3) has emerged as a promising immune checkpoint target in cancer therapy. However, the profile of the hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2) gene, encoding TIM-3 expression, is still obscure, along with its role in cancer immunity and prognosis. This study comprehensively analyzed HAVCR2 expression patterns in pan-cancer and underlined its potential value for immune checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy. Our results displayed that HAVCR2 was differentially expressed and closely corresponded to survival status in pan-cancer. More importantly, the HAVCR2 expression level was also significantly related to cancer immune infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, and immune marker genes. Enrichment analyses implicated HAVCR2-associated terms in cancer, including immunity, metabolism, and inflammation. Our study demonstrated that HAVCR2 could participate in differing degrees of immune infiltration in tumorigenesis. The highlights of the HAVCR2 pathway revealed that TIM-3 could function as both a biomarker and clinical target to improve the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetong Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongqi Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Information Management, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongqi Liu,
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