The mutagenic effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and its degradation products in the Ames microbial assay

A Survey of Metal-induced Mutagenicity in Vitro and in Vivo

A survey of the literature shows that organic and inorganic compounds of 53 metals have been assayed for genotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo. It is found that there are great variations in the response obtained with different test systems and that a wide range of compounds of the different metals is positive in at least one of the short-term tests. Some of the variation observed could be due to differences in uptake mechanisms. This effect plus the wide variation in the quantity and quality of the data prevents any direct comparison of in vitro activity with in vivo potency of the various metallic species.

Genotoxic classification of anticancer drugs

The effects of bacterial DNA excision repair on the mutagenic and lethal actions of 17 injectable anticancer drugs have been used to classify them into three levels of potential risk to medical personnel who are involved in their preparation and administration.

The pattern of damage to the oogenetic series of cells after a single feeding of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum to Habrobracon females

A single meal of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) fed to virgin braconid wasps decreased drastically the number of eggs derived from oogonia. In contrast, most of the larger oocytes completed oogenesis even after a dose which shortened average lifespan to 1/3 its normal length. Temporary infecundity resulted from the destruction of the germarial cells which produced the 32 cystocytes per follicle (1 oocyte and 31 trophocytes) by mitosis. As determined by egg hatchability, oogonia were the most vulnerable cell type to DDP in the ovariole sequence. Therefore, oogonial vulnerability to DDP was demonstrated by failure to complete both gametogenesis and embryogenesis. In combination with gamma radiation, DPP reduced egg production and hatchability below the values obtained from either agent used alone. However, the decreases were moderate, as expected from additivity of effect. A difference from the results from either radiation or several types of alkylating agents appeared in the proportion of early embryonic deaths. Deaths during cleavage predominated in every daily sample of eggs treated with DDP as oocytes. Usually only the eggs laid the first 2 days after treatment are characterized by a large number of 'stage 1' deaths.