Acute phlegmonous gastritis: A case report

Phlegmonous gastritis: Review of the pathophysiology

Phlegmonous gastritis is a rare infection of the gastric wall. Clinical presentation of phlegmonous gastritis is generally non-specific and includes epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and fever. The infection results from a transmural infection of the stomach. Several possible routes for phlegmonous gastritis have been proposed: a direct spread from the injured gastric mucosa site, a hematogenous spread to the stomach from a distant focus and lymphatic spread from a contiguous septic focus. The possibility that swallowing Streptococcus-containing secretion is also mentioned. We present a case of phlegmonous gastritis following a pharyngitis and discuss the routes of phlegmonous gastritis, the possible link to pharyngitis and review the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Phlegmonous gastritis after biloma drainage: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND

Phlegmonous gastritis (PG) is a rare bacterial infection of the gastric submucosa and is related to septicemia, direct gastric mucosal injury, or the direct influence of infection or inflammation in neighboring organs. Here, we present a patient who had spontaneous biloma caused by choledocholithiasis and then PG resulting from bile leakage after biloma drainage.

CASE SUMMARY

A 79-year-old man with a medical history of hypertension had persistent diffuse abdominal pain for 4 d. Physical examination showed stable vital signs, icteric sclera, diffuse abdominal tenderness, and muscle guarding. Laboratory tests showed hyperbilirubinemia and bandemia. Contrast computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed a dilated common bile duct and left subphrenic abscess. Left subphrenic abscess drainage revealed bilious fluid, and infected biloma was confirmed. Repeated abdominal CT for persistent epigastralgia after drainage showed gastric wall thickening. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed an edematous, hyperemic gastric mucosa with poor distensibility. The gastric mucosal culture yielded Enterococcus faecalis. PG was diagnosed based on imaging, EGD findings, and gastric mucosal culture. The patient recovered successfully with antibiotic treatment.

CONCLUSION

PG should be considered in patients with intraabdominal infection, especially from infected organs adjacent to the stomach.