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Diaz-Villegas V, Pichardo-Macías LA, Juárez-Méndez S, Ignacio-Mejía I, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Vargas-Hernández MA, Mendoza-Torreblanca JG, Zamudio SR. Changes in the Dentate Gyrus Gene Expression Profile Induced by Levetiracetam Treatment in Rats with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1690. [PMID: 38338984 PMCID: PMC10855401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common forms of focal epilepsy. Levetiracetam (LEV) is an antiepileptic drug whose mechanism of action at the genetic level has not been fully described. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the relevant gene expression changes in the dentate gyrus (DG) of LEV-treated rats with pilocarpine-induced TLE. Whole-transcriptome microarrays were used to obtain the differential genetic profiles of control (CTRL), epileptic (EPI), and EPI rats treated for one week with LEV (EPI + LEV). Quantitative RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the RNA levels of the genes of interest. According to the results of the EPI vs. CTRL analysis, 685 genes were differentially expressed, 355 of which were underexpressed and 330 of which were overexpressed. According to the analysis of the EPI + LEV vs. EPI groups, 675 genes were differentially expressed, 477 of which were downregulated and 198 of which were upregulated. A total of 94 genes whose expression was altered by epilepsy and modified by LEV were identified. The RT-qPCR confirmed that LEV treatment reversed the increased expression of Hgf mRNA and decreased the expression of the Efcab1, Adam8, Slc24a1, and Serpinb1a genes in the DG. These results indicate that LEV could be involved in nonclassical mechanisms involved in Ca2+ homeostasis and the regulation of the mTOR pathway through Efcab1, Hgf, SLC24a1, Adam8, and Serpinb1a, contributing to reduced hyperexcitability in TLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Diaz-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (V.D.-V.); (L.A.P.-M.)
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Luz Adriana Pichardo-Macías
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (V.D.-V.); (L.A.P.-M.)
| | - Sergio Juárez-Méndez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Iván Ignacio-Mejía
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, Mexico City 11200, Mexico;
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Marco Antonio Vargas-Hernández
- Subdirección de Investigación, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, Mexico City 11200, Mexico;
| | | | - Sergio R. Zamudio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (V.D.-V.); (L.A.P.-M.)
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De Blasio C, Dind J, Petitpierre G. Odor hedonic responses in children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1066286. [PMID: 37692315 PMCID: PMC10484511 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1066286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Odors are closely linked to emotions, play an important role in the well-being of individuals and can influence mood. Despite these crucial properties, the hedonic responses to odors of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) remain little explored. Aim This within-subjects study aims to examine whether children and young people with PIMD react in a differentiated way to odors evaluated as pleasant or unpleasant by neurotypical adults and, if so, with which behaviors. The influence of their global mood on their emotional responses to odors is also examined. Method Twenty children and young people (7-18 years old) with PIMD were exposed to four pairs of hedonically contrasted odors. A control stimulus was presented before each odorant. Five emotional responses, one physiological reaction (nausea reactions), and three responses reflecting approach toward or avoidance of the stimulus were recorded throughout the duration of the stimulus exposure. The participants' global mood status was measured before the start of the research with the French version of the Mood, Interest and Pleasure Questionnaire (Ross and Oliver, 2003). Results The results show that when exposed to pleasant odorants, participants kept their heads aligned with the odorant source longer, smiled longer, and produced more positive vocalizations. In contrast, unpleasant odorants elicit more pouts and grimaces. Nausea reactions occurred in the presence of unpleasant odorants. The hedonic responses were more marked during the second presentation of the stimuli. Participants with a higher MIPQ score showed significantly more emotional reactions to odors. Conclusion The results confirm the presence of olfactory preferences in participants with PIMD and the existence of a link between their mood, emotions and olfactory hedonic processing. They prompt the use of odors to support not only the cognitive development of this population, but also their mood and their emotional regulation abilities.
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Khodadadi M, Zare M, Rezaei M, Bakhtiarzadeh F, Barkley V, Shojaei A, Raoufy MR, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J. Effect of low frequency stimulation of olfactory bulb on seizure severity, learning, and memory in kindled rats. Epilepsy Res 2022; 188:107055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.107055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Seizure treatment with olfactory training: a preliminary trial. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6901-6907. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Krämer G. Riech- und Schmeckstörungen bei Epilepsien und anderen neurologischen Erkrankungen. DGNEUROLOGIE 2022. [PMCID: PMC9336133 DOI: 10.1007/s42451-022-00464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Krämer
- Neurozentrum Bellevue, Theaterstr. 8, 8001 Zürich, Schweiz
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Wang ZB, Qu J, Yang ZY, Liu DY, Jiang SL, Zhang Y, Yang ZQ, Mao XY, Liu ZQ. Integrated Analysis of Expression Profile and Potential Pathogenic Mechanism of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy With Hippocampal Sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:892022. [PMID: 35784838 PMCID: PMC9243442 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.892022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the potential pathogenic mechanism of temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE+HS) by analyzing the expression profiles of microRNA/ mRNA/ lncRNA/ DNA methylation in brain tissues. Methods Brain tissues of six patients with TLE+HS and nine of normal temporal or parietal cortices (NTP) of patients undergoing internal decompression for traumatic brain injury (TBI) were collected. The total RNA was dephosphorylated, labeled, and hybridized to the Agilent Human miRNA Microarray, Release 19.0, 8 × 60K. The cDNA was labeled and hybridized to the Agilent LncRNA+mRNA Human Gene Expression Microarray V3.0,4 × 180K. For methylation detection, the DNA was labeled and hybridized to the Illumina 450K Infinium Methylation BeadChip. The raw data was extracted from hybridized images using Agilent Feature Extraction, and quantile normalization was performed using the Agilent GeneSpring. P-value < 0.05 and absolute fold change >2 were considered the threshold of differential expression data. Data analyses were performed using R and Bioconductor. BrainSpan database was used to screen for signatures that were not differentially expressed in normal human hippocampus and cortex (data from BrainSpan), but differentially expressed in TLE+HS’ hippocampus and NTP’ cortex (data from our cohort). The strategy “Guilt by association” was used to predict the prospective roles of each important hub mRNA, miRNA, or lncRNA. Results A significantly negative correlation (r < −0.5) was found between 116 pairs of microRNA/mRNA, differentially expressed in six patients with TLE+HS and nine of NTP. We examined this regulation network’s intersection with target gene prediction results and built a lncRNA-microRNA-Gene regulatory network with structural, and functional significance. Meanwhile, we found that the disorder of FGFR3, hsa-miR-486-5p, and lnc-KCNH5-1 plays a key vital role in developing TLE+HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuan-Yi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ding-Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi-Long Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Quan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Zhi-Quan Yang,
| | - Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiao-Yuan Mao,
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhao-Qian Liu,
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Motoki A, Akamatsu N, Fumuro T, Miyoshi A, Tanaka H, Hagiwara K, Ohara S, Kamada T, Shigeto H, Murai H. Characteristics of olfactory dysfunction in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 125:108402. [PMID: 34775249 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the characteristics of olfactory dysfunction in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). METHODS Odor identification was assessed using the odor stick identification test for Japanese (OSIT-J, full score 12 points) in 65 patients with TLE and in 74 controls. RESULTS The mean OSIT-J score was significantly lower in patients with TLE (mean ± SD = 8.1 ± 2.8; median = 9) than in the control subjects (mean ± SD = 10.6 ± 1.1; median = 11) (P < 0.005). Olfactory dysfunction (hyposmia/anosmia) was associated with bilateral seizure foci and older age of onset in TLE. Patients who underwent temporal lobectomy for hippocampal sclerosis did not show significant decline after long-term recovery. The Indian ink part of OSIT-J was useful for the detection of olfactory deficits in patients with TLE (sensitivity = 47%, specificity = 93%). Patients with TLE tended to have preserved olfactory ability for stimulating odors and for familiar odors of daily life. SIGNIFICANCE We observed characteristic odor identification deficits for individual odors used in OSIT-J. Our study findings provide deeper insight into the underlying mechanism of olfactory function in patients with TLE and may be beneficial in the clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Motoki
- International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Akamatsu
- International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Epilepsy Center, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Narita, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Fumuro
- International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Narita, Japan
| | - Ayako Miyoshi
- Epilepsy Center, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Shinji Ohara
- Epilepsy Center, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Shigeto
- Epilepsy Center, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; Kyushu University Division of Medical Technology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murai
- International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Narita, Japan; International University of Health and Welfare School of Medical Sciences at Okawa, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Okawa, Japan
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Aguado-Carrillo G, Saucedo-Alvarado PE, Cuellar-Herrera M, Navarro-Olvera JL, Heres-Becerril S, Velasco-Campos F, Velasco AL. Olfactory function in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy; correlation of functional magnetic resonance imaging for olfaction with the laterality of the epileptic focus. Epilepsy Res 2021; 178:106807. [PMID: 34775233 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory function shares the same cerebral structures as those involved in the origin and propagation of focal temporal lobe seizures. Likewise, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows the study of olfactory function. This suggests that by quantitatively studying the olfactory function with an olfactory paradigm through fMRI it is possible to identify the functional alteration produced by the epileptic focus. The objective of the present study was to assess the olfactory function in the side of the epileptic focus in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, using fMRI for smell, and propose a non-invasive diagnostic method for patients candidates to mesial temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. METHODS Patients (n = 18) with clinical diagnosis of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, refractory to pharmacological treatment: 7 patients (38.9%) with non-invasive studies consistent enough to submit them to anterior temporal lobectomy, and 11 (61.1%) patients where focal onset seizures were identified by stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) on the left temporal lobe in 5 (27.8%) and in both temporal lobes in 2 (11.1%). Patients were evaluated using EEG, MRI, neuropsychological data, and fMRI with olfactory paradigm. Results of the fMRI were compared with the laterality of the epileptic focus determined by intracranial electroencephalogram recordings through stereotactically placed electrodes, and with post-surgical outcome at one year of follow-up. RESULTS fMRI showed a lower olfactory activation in 81.8% concordant with unilateral onset seizures. There were significant differences of olfactory fMRI activation between epileptic and non-epileptic foci. CONCLUSION Functional magnetic resonance imaging with an olfactory paradigm may be a non-invasive diagnostic tool to determine the laterality of seizure onset in the mesial temporal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Aguado-Carrillo
- Unit for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Mexico, Dr.Balmis 148 Col. Doctores Cuahutémoc C.P., 06720 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Pablo Eduardo Saucedo-Alvarado
- Unit for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Mexico, Dr.Balmis 148 Col. Doctores Cuahutémoc C.P., 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manola Cuellar-Herrera
- Unit for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Mexico, Dr.Balmis 148 Col. Doctores Cuahutémoc C.P., 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose Luis Navarro-Olvera
- Unit for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Mexico, Dr.Balmis 148 Col. Doctores Cuahutémoc C.P., 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stephani Heres-Becerril
- Unit for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Mexico, Dr.Balmis 148 Col. Doctores Cuahutémoc C.P., 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Velasco-Campos
- Unit for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Mexico, Dr.Balmis 148 Col. Doctores Cuahutémoc C.P., 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Luisa Velasco
- Unit for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Mexico, Dr.Balmis 148 Col. Doctores Cuahutémoc C.P., 06720 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Abstract
Approximately 5% of the general population is affected by functional anosmia with approximately additional 15% exhibiting decreased olfactory function. Many of these individuals ask for help. Because the subjective rating of olfactory function is biased, assessment of olfactory function is important. Olfactory measurements are needed for patient counseling and the tracking of changes in the sense of smell over time. The present review provides an overview of frequently used psychophysical tests for olfactory function, discusses differences between threshold and suprathreshold aspects of olfactory function, and gives examples on how to apply psychophysical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, "Technische Universität Dresden", Dresden, Germany
| | - Dino Podlesek
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Technische Universität Dresden", Dresden, Germany
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Hwang BY, Mampre D, Penn R, Anderson WS, Kang J, Kamath V. Olfactory Testing in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: a Systematic Review. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2020; 20:65. [PMID: 33169232 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-020-01083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Olfactory testing is a potentially safe, cost-effective, bedside evaluation tool for diagnosis, monitoring, and risk assessment for surgery in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, but testing methods and relevant olfactory domains are not standardized. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate olfactory tests in TLE and summarize the results of the literature. RECENT FINDINGS Olfactory tests varied significantly in odorant administration tools and devices, target odorants, evaluation timing, and grading scales. The Smell Threshold Test and University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test were the most validated single-domain tests for odor detection and odor identification, respectively. For multi-domain tests, Odor Memory/Discrimination Test and the Sniffin' Sticks test were the most validated. Results of olfactory tests in TLE are presented by domain. Rigorous validation, standardization, and comparative analysis of existing olfactory tests by domain is urgently needed to establish the utility and efficacy of olfactory testing in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Y Hwang
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 8-181, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - David Mampre
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 8-181, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Rachel Penn
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William S Anderson
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 8-181, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Joon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vidyulata Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kang JY, Yenokyan G, Hwang BY, Chen M, Penn R, Mampre D, Sperling MR, Kamath V. Odor identification predicts postoperative seizure control following magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy. Epilepsia 2020; 61:1949-1957. [PMID: 32944948 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Olfactory dysfunction has been well documented in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy, but its use in presurgical planning has yet to be examined. We assessed the role of preoperative odor identification in mesial onset seizure localization utilizing stereoelectroencephalography (S-EEG) and magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLiTT) outcome. METHODS We identified 30 patients who had typical seizures captured during S-EEG monitoring or MRgLiTT of mesial temporal structures (n = 17 S-EEG, n = 13 MRgLiTT); seizure onset zone was classified as unilateral mesial seizure onset, or multifocal with unilateral mesial onset and nonmesial onset. Odor identification ability was assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks Odor Identification Test (SSOIT). Patients also completed measures of confrontation naming and auditory-verbal learning/memory using the Boston Naming Test and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, respectively. RESULTS Overall, patients with intractable focal epilepsy exhibited poor olfactory performance (median [M] = 10.4, interquartile range [IQR] = 9.4-11.8). Of 19 patients who underwent MRgLiTT, 10 patients (52.6%) were seizure-free at last follow-up (M = 13 months, IQR =10-18). Patients who were seizure-free after MRgLiTT (n = 10) had poorer odor identification scores (M = 9, IQR = 7-13) compared to patients with seizure reoccurrence (M = 13, IQR = 12.5-15). Odor identification score was inversely associated with seizure freedom, with odds ratio = 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.38-0.95, P = .03). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that an SSOIT score of 12 was the ideal cutoff for predicting favorable seizure outcome (area under the curve = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.64-1.0). Sensitivity was 88.9% and specificity was 78.9%, with a likelihood ratio of 2.9 of seizure failure in patients who had an odor identification score ≥ 12. SIGNIFICANCE Interictal olfactory dysfunction is commonly seen in patients with intractable focal epilepsy. Odor identification is a novel, noninvasive presurgical biomarker to distinguish who may or may not benefit from MRgLiTT of mesial temporal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Y Kang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gayane Yenokyan
- Department of Biostatics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Y Hwang
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel Penn
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Mampre
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael R Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vidyulata Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Thomas DC, Baddireddy SM, Kohli D. Anosmia: A review in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 and orofacial pain. J Am Dent Assoc 2020; 151:696-702. [PMID: 32854871 PMCID: PMC7328601 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Lane G, Zhou G, Noto T, Zelano C. Assessment of direct knowledge of the human olfactory system. Exp Neurol 2020; 329:113304. [PMID: 32278646 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Lane
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Torben Noto
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christina Zelano
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Türk BG, Metin B, Tekeli H, Sayman ÖA, Kızılkılıç O, Uzan M, Özkara Ç. Evaluation of olfactory and gustatory changes in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure 2020; 75:110-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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