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Meule A. On the prevalence of 'food addiction' in persons with bulimia nervosa. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024; 32:490-492. [PMID: 38200630 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A meta-analysis by Praxedes and colleagues published in this journal reports that the prevalence of 'food addiction' as measured with the Yale Food Addiction Scale is lower than 50% in persons with bulimia nervosa and higher in persons with binge eating disorder. However, closely examining the supplementary material of that article reveals that these numbers cannot possibly be correct. Instead, most studies indicate that the prevalence of 'food addiction' is higher than 80% in persons with bulimia nervosa and, thus, higher than in persons with other eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Kirkpatrick RH, Breton E, Biorac A, Munoz DP, Booij L. Non-suicidal self-injury among individuals with an eating disorder: A systematic review and prevalence meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:223-248. [PMID: 38041221 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury across eating disorders (EDs) and within diagnostic categories through systematic review and proportional, or so-called prevalence, meta-analysis. METHOD Included studies had to contain individuals with a verified diagnosis of an ED. The last literature search was conducted on September 11, 2023, for studies published on or before September 2023 without a restriction on earliest publication year. Results were synthesized and analyzed using the "metaprop" package in R and presented using forest plots. Bias was assessed by a Peters' regression test and funnel plot. RESULTS 79 studies published between 1985 and 2023 were included encompassing 32,334 individuals with an ED. Importantly, 42 studies were not included in any other meta-analyses on self-injury in EDs to date. Overall prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury was 34.59% (95%CI = 30.49-38.81). Prevalence in anorexia nervosa restrictive type, binge/purge type, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and other specified feeding/eating disorder were 23.19% (95%CI = 16.96-30.03%), 41.98% (95%CI = 32.35-51.91%), 36.97% (95%CI = 30.69-43.46%), 21.21% (95%CI = 14.93-28.12%) and 37.65% (95%CI = 28.59-47.09%), respectively. Prevalence estimations could not be estimated for other ED categories due to lack of a sufficient number of studies. DISCUSSION Non-suicidal self-injury is prevalent across both binge/purge and restrictive EDs. Considering the transdiagnostic nature of self-injurious behaviors in ED, the results highlight the importance of assessment and monitoring of self-injury in people with ED, irrespective of specific diagnoses. The method of determining self-injury varied across studies and may limit this study. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights the prevalence of self-injury across eating disorders irrespective of diagnosis and within specific EDs. While diagnoses known to exhibit self-injurious behaviors (e.g., bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa binge/purge subtype) demonstrated the highest prevalence of self-injury, all diagnoses were found to have a prevalence greater than 20%. These findings suggest the importance of assessing and monitoring all individuals with an eating disorder for the presence of self-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Kirkpatrick
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edith Breton
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksandar Biorac
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas P Munoz
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Booij
- Eating Disorders Continuum, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal West Island Integrated Health and Social Services Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- Research Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Fioravanti G, Nicolis M, MacBeth A, Dimaggio G, Popolo R. Metacognitive interpersonal therapy-eating disorders versus cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders for non-underweight adults with eating disorders: study protocol for a pilot pre-registered randomized controlled trial. RESEARCH IN PSYCHOTHERAPY (MILANO) 2023; 26:690. [PMID: 37667887 PMCID: PMC10519278 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2023.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders (ED) are serious disorders characterized by an alteration of eating habits and excessive concern about weight and body shapes (Fairburn, 2002), accompanied by significant impairment inequality of life, high mortality rates and serious organic consequences (Jenkins et al., 2011; Treasure et al., 2015; 2020). Although evidence-based psychological therapies for nonunderweight ED presentations such as cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders (CBT-ED) are widely available, there is substantial scope for improvements, particularly in terms of efficacy and adherence. One option is to develop interventions to address elements of pathology not fully addressed by existing empirical supported treatments, such as incorporating techniques aimed at addressing interpersonal problems and personality disorder features into existing treatment delivery. We adapted Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy, a psychological intervention supported by evidence for treating personality disorders and integrated it with existing CBT techniques for eating disorders (MIT-ED). MIT-ED targets aspects of ED that are not included in the transdiagnostic CBT-E model such as poor metacognition, or maladaptive interpersonal schemas. This is a pre-registered (Protocol number: 0000781) pilot randomized clinical trial aimed at assessing acceptability and feasibility of MIT-ED and establishing preliminary evidence of effectiveness for future larger studies. Twenty patients (10 in each arm) will be randomized to 20 sessions of individual psychotherapy, either MIT-ED or CBTE. Repeated follow-ups will be collected up to 24 months. Participants are recruited at a private outpatient clinic for ED treatment. Acceptability will be assessed via session attendance, completion rates and preliminary outcomes. The primary outcome is ED pathology assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire-6. Other ED outcomes assessed will be eating disorder attitudes, clinical impairment and binge eating pathology. Secondary treatment outcomes are anxiety, depression, and global symptomatology. We will also assess emotional awareness, emotion regulation and therapeutic alliance. Based on previous studies of MIT for personality disorders we hypothesize that MIT-ED will be acceptable to patients, evidenced by high treatment adherence and retention. We hypothesize that MIT-ED will be associated with reductions in eating disorder pathology, at least equivalent to CBT-E. Results will be used to inform the study design, sampling, likely effect sizes and choice of outcome measures for future larger trials of MIT-ED in ED samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Fioravanti
- Centro di Trattamento Integrato Disturbi Alimentari e Obesità di Gloria Fioravanti, Verona.
| | - Martina Nicolis
- 1Centro di Trattamento Integrato Disturbi Alimentari e Obesità di Gloria Fioravanti, Verona.
| | - Angus MacBeth
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Medical School (Doorway 6), Edinburgh.
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Hoover LV, Yu HP, Duval ER, Gearhardt AN. Childhood trauma and food addiction: The role of emotion regulation difficulties and gender differences. Appetite 2022; 177:106137. [PMID: 35738482 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood trauma has been associated with substance use disorders (SUDs), but less research has investigated its association with food addiction (i.e., compulsive intake of highly processed foods containing refined carbohydrates and/or added fat). Existing research on childhood trauma and food addiction has focused primarily on women from restricted samples. Further, emotion dysregulation difficulties are implicated in both childhood trauma and food addiction, but research has not explored whether it may play a mediating role. METHOD Thus, the current study utilizes a sample of 310 participants recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (mean age = 41.3 years old, 47.4% men, 78.7% white) to investigate the mediating role of emotion dysregulation in the association between childhood trauma and food addiction. We also conducted exploratory analyses to investigate for gender differences in these associations. Gender-stratified correlational matrixes were conducted to investigate association between childhood trauma, food addiction, and emotional dysregulation. Moderated mediation models and multilevel regressions were also conducted to identify the role of gender in the association between childhood trauma, food addiction, and emotion dysregulation. RESULTS Emotion dysregulation was found to partially mediate the associations between food addiction and childhood trauma and gender was found to moderate associations between childhood trauma and emotion dysregulation, as well as childhood trauma and food addiction. Both moderating pathways were significantly stronger for men compared to women. DISCUSSION Results suggests that emotion dysregulation may be one important mediator in the association between childhood trauma and food addiction, particularly for men. The identification of other potential mechanisms contributing to the association between childhood trauma and food addiction and the use of longitudinal measurement strategies will be important in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindzey V Hoover
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Hayley P Yu
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Duval
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Clinical Considerations of Ultra-processed Food Addiction Across Weight Classes: an Eating Disorder Treatment and Care Perspective. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022; 9:255-267. [PMID: 35531579 PMCID: PMC9058754 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review To examine the prevalence rates of ultra-processed food addiction across different weight classes and offer guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians are provided with practical considerations in the assessment of ultra-processed food addiction beyond the use of validated instruments. Recent Findings The weighted mean prevalence of ultra-processed food addiction is approximately 20% worldwide and varies widely based on the sample. At first glance, there appears a linear relationship between ultra-processed food addiction and BMI class. Further investigation indicates a J-shaped curve with heightened prevalence among the underweight. These findings highlight the need to assess for additional factors that may increase objective or subjective food addiction symptoms including eating disorders, dietary restraint, and other mental health diagnoses. Summary While clinical considerations across different weight classes vary, overemphasis on weight status may detract from the clinical utility of the ultra-processed food addiction construct. Considering weight status in conjunction with other psychiatric symptoms helps to better understand the various biopsychosocial mechanisms that influence eating behavior and can inform individualized treatment strategies.
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Munguía L, Jiménez-Murcia S, Valenciano-Mendoza E, Granero R, Gaspar-Pérez A, Guzmán-Saldaña RME, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Fazia G, Gálvez L, Gearhardt AN, Fernández-Aranda F. Risk patterns in food addiction: a Mexican population approach. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1077-1087. [PMID: 34143405 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food addiction (FA) is a construct that has gained interest in recent years but its relevance in Mexican population is still unexplored. AIMS The present study has the aims of explore FA in a community of Mexican population, as well as identifying the risk patterns associated with it, in relation to the different etiological factors that have been described such as impulsivity, emotional regulation and eating styles. Furthermore, to identify a predictive model of FA severity. METHODS The sample consisted of 160 female and male university students of Pachuca city in México, who volunteered to participate in the study. Assessment included multidimensional measures for FA, eating disorder severity, eating disorder styles, emotional regulation and impulsivity. RESULTS A screening of FA-probable was registered for 13.8% of the sample, while 8.1% met criteria for FA-present. The FA-present group differed from FA-absent in the impulsivity levels and in emotional eating style. Patients with FA-present differed from FA-probable in the impulsivity levels. Differences between FA-probable versus FA-absent were found in the restrained eating style. Path analysis evidenced that FA severity was directly associated with older age, worse eating style profile and higher impulsivity levels, and indirectly related with the ED symptom levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that it is possible to establish a specific predictive model of the development of FA and its severity in Mexican population to implement adequate prevention and treatment strategies. EVIDENCE LEVEL Level III: evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucero Munguía
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Valenciano-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anahí Gaspar-Pérez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Gilda Fazia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Gálvez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Clinical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Gonçalves S, Moreira CS, Machado BC, Bastos B, Vieira AI. Psychometric properties and convergent and divergent validity of the Portuguese Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (P-YFAS 2.0). Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:791-801. [PMID: 34053016 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The construct of food addiction has been gaining increased attention as a research topic. Currently, the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 is the only measure to operationalize the addictive-like eating behavior according to addiction criteria proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The present study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, as well as investigating the convergent and divergent validity between this scale and the following measures: Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, Body Investment Scale, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. We also sought to explore the moderator role of difficulties in emotion regulation in the relationship between food addiction and binge eating METHODS: A sample of 302 female college students (Mage = 21.37, SD = 3.24) completed self-report measures. RESULTS Sixteen (5.3%) participants were diagnosed as having food addiction. The confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the original one-dimensional structure is adequate to represent the Portuguese Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. The symptom count scores of the scale were correlated with body mass index, eating disordered behavior, body investment, and difficulties in emotion regulation. The severity level of the scale also discriminated the severity of eating disordered behaviors, body investment, and difficulties in emotion regulation. Finally, the relationship between food addiction and binge eating was moderated by difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior when experiencing negative emotions. CONCLUSION The Portuguese version of the Yale Food Addiction Questionnaire 2.0 may be a useful tool to investigate food addiction. LEVEL IV descriptive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Gonçalves
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Célia S Moreira
- Mathematics Department and Center of Mathematics (CMUP), Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara C Machado
- CEDH-Research Centre for Human Development, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Bastos
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Vieira
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Oudijn M, Linders J, Mocking R, Lok A, van Elburg A, Denys D. Psychopathological and Neurobiological Overlap Between Anorexia Nervosa and Self-Injurious Behavior: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Hypotheses. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:756238. [PMID: 35633779 PMCID: PMC9130491 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.756238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical evidence and clinical observations suggest a strong -yet under acknowledged-link between anorexia nervosa (AN) and non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI). By reviewing the literature on the psychopathology and neurobiology of AN and NSSI, we shed light on their relationship. Both AN and NSSI are characterized by disturbances in affect regulation, dysregulation of the reward circuitry and the opioid system. By formulating a reward-centered hypothesis, we explain the overlap between AN and NSSI. We propose three approaches understanding the relationship between AN and NSSI, which integrate psychopathology and neurobiology from the perspective of self-destructiveness: (1) a nosographical approach, (2) a research domain (RDoC) approach and (3) a network analysis approach. These approaches will enhance our knowledge of the underlying neurobiological substrates and may provide groundwork for the development of new treatment options for disorders of self-destructiveness, like AN and NSSI. In conclusion, we hypothesize that self-destructiveness is a new, DSM-5-transcending concept or psychopathological entity that is reward-driven, and that both AN and NSSI could be conceptualized as disorders of self-destructiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Oudijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jara Linders
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roel Mocking
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anja Lok
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - D Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Zinchuk M, Lavrishcheva A, Menshikova A, Voinova N, Artemieva M, Guekht A. Nonsuicidal self-injury in eating disorders. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:70-78. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212209170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lai M, Jiang P, Xu J, Luo D, Hao X, Li J. Abnormal brain activity in nonsuicidal self-injury: a coordinate-based activation likelihood meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2021; 1:249-256. [PMID: 38666222 PMCID: PMC11025552 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The high prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in youths demonstrates a substantial population-level burden on society. NSSI is often associated with emotional and social skill deficits. To date, several studies have aimed to identify the underlying neural mechanism of those deficits in NSSI by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, their conclusions display poor consistency. Objective We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) for fMRI data based on emotional and cognitive tasks to clarify the underlying neural processing deficits of NSSI. Methods We searched for MRI studies of NSSI in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases. We identified significant foci for the included studies and conducted two ALE meta-analyses as follows: (i) activation for the NSSI contrast healthy control group and (ii) deactivation for the NSSI contrast healthy controls. Considering the diverse sex composition of study participants and possible bias from one large sample study, we conducted sensitivity analyses for the meta-analysis. Results Nine studies comprising 359 participants were included, and the results demonstrated substantial activation in NSSI patients compared with healthy controls in two clusters located in the right medial frontal gyrus extending to the rostral anterior cingulate and the left inferior frontal gyrus extending to the insula. Conclusions The results suggest that individuals with NSSI show brain activity alterations that underpin their core symptoms, including poor emotional regulation and reward processing deficits. Our findings provide new insights into the neural mechanism of NSSI, which may serve as functional biomarkers for developing effective diagnosis and therapeutic interventions for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Lai
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoting Hao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Lacroix E, von Ranson KM. Prevalence of social, cognitive, and emotional impairment among individuals with food addiction. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1253-1258. [PMID: 32951132 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical utility of the construct of food addiction has been heavily debated. Though food addiction has been associated with psychosocial impairment in clinical samples, it is critical to examine these associations in non-clinical samples, to obtain unbiased evidence regarding this phenomenon's clinical significance. It is also unknown which types of impairment are most common in food addiction. This observational study explored the association of self-reported food addiction with impairment in the domains of social, cognitive, and emotional functioning. METHODS Participants (356 university students and 544 adults recruited through Mechanical Turk) completed the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 and Clinical Impairment Assessment 3.0 questionnaire, as well as measures of emotional eating, reward-driven eating, binge eating, and general disordered eating. RESULTS Food addiction scores showed large correlations with emotional (r = 0.55, 0.57), social (r = 0.56, 0.59), and cognitive impairment (r = 0.58, 0.53) in the student and Mechanical Turk samples, respectively. The most common difficulties endorsed were emotional (e.g., feeling ashamed or critical of oneself, upset, or worried due to one's eating habits), followed by social and cognitive. CONCLUSION Food addiction was strongly associated with psychosocial impairment in two non-clinical samples, suggesting this phenomenon merits further investigation. We found substantial associations of food addiction with emotional as well as social and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lacroix
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kristin M von Ranson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Prevalence and correlates of food addiction: Systematic review of studies with the YFAS 2.0. Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 15:191-204. [PMID: 33846067 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on food addiction (FA) has been growing and increasing interest has been seen in comprehending its mechanisms and clinical and psychological correlates of this phenomena. This field of study is specially apply to understand obesity and eating behavior issues related to eating disorders (ED). OBJECTIVES We performed a literature review that describe recent research using the updated version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0) or modified-YFAS (mYFAS 2.0), from the date of its publication. METHODS Search were performed in Web of Science, Pubmed and PsycNET databases for studies that used the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0. RESULTS The studies (n = 53) investigated adaptation and validation of the scale in different cultures (n = 13), prevalence on nonclinical populations and representative samples (n = 5), food addiction in obesity samples (n = 11), in samples with ED and disordered eating (n = 10) and studies that investigated FA in association with other clinical and psychological variables (n = 14). DISCUSSION Studies with the YFAS 2.0 reveal higher prevalence of FA in different samples, and a great association between FA and BED, BN and obesity. Implications for diagnostic of this phenomena and the overlap between FA and other disorders are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The field of FA remains an open subject and effort must be implied to understand the subjective experience of addiction related to eating and food.
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Tang CSK, Gan Y, Ko J, Kwon JH, Wu A, Yan E, Yogo M. The associations among emotional factors, personality traits, and addiction-like eating: A study on university students in six Asian countries/regions. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:125-131. [PMID: 32415884 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Addiction-like eating (AE) is characterized by food cravings and loss of control over excessive food consumption. This study investigated the associations among emotional factors, personality traits, and AE symptoms in Asian young adults. METHOD This study included 6,823 Asian university students in South Korea, China, Singapore, Hong Kong/Macao, Japan, and Taiwan. Participants completed the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS) and scales on the Big-Five personality traits, impulsivity, anxiety, and depression. RESULTS 6.2% of the participants met the mYFAS (DSM-IV-TR) food addiction diagnostic threshold. Participants from South Korea (7.9%) had the highest rate of food addiction, while participants from Japan (5.1%) and Taiwan (4.1%) reported the lowest rates. Emotional factors of anxiety and depression were the most robust correlates of AE symptoms, followed by country/region and personality factors of higher impulsivity, higher extraversion, and lower agreeableness. Personality correlates were region-specific. Higher impulsivity was a significant correlate for participants from South Korea and Taiwan, higher extraversion for participants from Singapore and Japan, and lower agreeableness for participants from China and Taiwan. Gender was also a significant correlate for participants from South Korea, Hong Kong/Macao, and Taiwan. DISCUSSION Emotional and personality factors are important correlates of AE symptoms among Asian young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiqun Gan
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jenny Ko
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hyde Kwon
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anise Wu
- Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macao, Macau
| | - Elsie Yan
- GH349, Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Masao Yogo
- Department of Psychology, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Bou Khalil R, Sleilaty G, Richa S, Seneque M, Iceta S, Rodgers R, Alacreu-Crespo A, Maimoun L, Lefebvre P, Renard E, Courtet P, Guillaume S. The Impact of Retrospective Childhood Maltreatment on Eating Disorders as Mediated by Food Addiction: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102969. [PMID: 32998411 PMCID: PMC7601309 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The current study aimed to test whether food addiction (FA) might mediate the relationship between the presence of a history of childhood maltreatment and eating disorder (ED) symptom severity. Methods: Participants were 231 patients with ED presenting between May 2017 and January 2020 to a daycare treatment facility for assessment and management with mainly the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0). Results: Participants had a median age of 24 (interquartile range (IQR) 20–33) years and manifested anorexia nervosa (61.47%), bulimia nervosa (16.88%), binge-eating disorders (9.09%), and other types of ED (12.55%). They were grouped into those likely presenting FA (N = 154) and those without FA (N = 77). The group with FA reported higher scores on all five CTQ subscales, as well as the total score of the EDI-2 (p < 0.001). Using mediation analysis; significant indirect pathways between all CTQ subscales and the EDI-2 total score emerged via FA, with the largest indirect effect emerging for physical neglect (standardized effect = 0.208; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.127–0.29) followed by emotional abuse (standardized effect = 0.183; 95% CI 0.109–0.262). Conclusion: These results are compatible with a model in which certain types of childhood maltreatment, especially physical neglect, may induce, maintain, and/or exacerbate ED symptoms via FA which may guide future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Bou Khalil
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Joseph University-Hôtel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut BP 166830, Lebanon;
- PSNREC, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (A.A.-C.); (P.C.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-1142-1000
| | - Ghassan Sleilaty
- Clincal Research Center and Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Saint Joseph University-Hôtel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut BP 166830, Lebanon;
| | - Sami Richa
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Joseph University-Hôtel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut BP 166830, Lebanon;
| | - Maude Seneque
- PSNREC, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (A.A.-C.); (P.C.); (S.G.)
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| | - Sylvain Iceta
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (IUCPQ), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada;
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Referral Center for Eating Disorder, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69677 Bron, France
| | - Rachel Rodgers
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adrian Alacreu-Crespo
- PSNREC, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (A.A.-C.); (P.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Laurent Maimoun
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Lefebvre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France; (P.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Eric Renard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France; (P.L.); (E.R.)
- UMR CNRS 5203, INSERM U1191, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- PSNREC, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (A.A.-C.); (P.C.); (S.G.)
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| | - Sebastien Guillaume
- PSNREC, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (A.A.-C.); (P.C.); (S.G.)
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France;
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15
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Vieira AI, Moreira CS, Rodrigues TF, Brandão I, Timóteo S, Nunes P, Gonçalves S. Nonsuicidal self-injury, difficulties in emotion regulation, negative urgency, and childhood invalidation: A study with outpatients with eating disorders. J Clin Psychol 2020; 77:607-628. [PMID: 32762121 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among outpatients with eating disorders (ED), we compared participants without nonsuicidal self-injury (non-NSSI group), with NSSI over a year ago (past NSSI group) and with NSSI in the previous year (current NSSI group) regarding different variables, and examined whether difficulties in emotion regulation and negative urgency moderated the relationship between maternal/paternal invalidation and NSSI. METHOD The sample included 171 outpatients (94.2% female; Mage = 28.78, SDage = 11.19). RESULTS Fifty-four participants (31.6%) had NSSI in the previous year. This group showed higher eating pathology, difficulties in emotion regulation, negative urgency, and maternal/paternal invalidation than the non-NSSI group. Analyses revealed an adequate fit to the data for the model that included moderating effects of emotional awareness and negative urgency in the relationship between maternal/paternal invalidation and increased likelihood of NSSI in the previous year. CONCLUSIONS Interventions for NSSI and ED should include emotion regulation, impulse control, and validation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Vieira
- School of Psychology, Center for Research in Psychology (CIPsi), Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Unit, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Célia S Moreira
- Mathematics Department, Center of Mathematics (CMUP), Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia F Rodrigues
- School of Psychology, Center for Research in Psychology (CIPsi), Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Unit, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Isabel Brandão
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Center of São João, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sertório Timóteo
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Center of São João, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Center of São João, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- School of Psychology, Center for Research in Psychology (CIPsi), Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Unit, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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16
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Romero X, Agüera Z, Granero R, Sánchez I, Riesco N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Gisbert-Rodriguez M, Sánchez-González J, Casalé G, Baenas I, Valenciano-Mendoza E, Menchon JM, Gearhardt AN, Dieguez C, Fernández-Aranda F. Is food addiction a predictor of treatment outcome among patients with eating disorder? EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2020; 27:700-711. [PMID: 31637816 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to examine whether food addiction (FA) was associated with greater severity in both binge eating disorders (BED) and bulimia nervosa and, therefore, to determine if FA was predictive of treatment outcome. METHOD Seventy-one adult patients with bulimia nervosa and BED (42 and 29, respectively) participated in the study. FA was assessed by means of the Yale Food Addiction Scale. RESULTS The results confirmed a high prevalence of FA in patients with binge disorders (around 87%) and also its association with a greater severity of the disorder (i.e., related to an increased eating psychopathology and greater frequency of binge eating episodes). Although FA did not appear as a predictor of treatment outcome in general terms, when the diagnostic subtypes were considered separately, FA was associated with poor prognosis in the BED group. In this vein, FA appeared as a mediator in the relationship between ED severity and treatment outcome. DISCUSSIONS Our findings suggest that FA may act as an indicator of ED severity, and it would be a predictor of treatment outcome in BED but not in BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xandra Romero
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadine Riesco
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jéssica Sánchez-González
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Casalé
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Baenas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jose M Menchon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Dieguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Allen KJD, Sammon MM, Fox KR, Stewart JG. Emotional Response Inhibition: A Shared Neurocognitive Deficit in Eating Disorder Symptoms and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E104. [PMID: 32075254 PMCID: PMC7071419 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating disorder (ED) symptoms often co-occur with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This comorbidity is consistent with evidence that trait negative urgency increases risk for both of these phenomena. We previously found that impaired late-stage negative emotional response inhibition (i.e., negative emotional action termination or NEAT) might represent a neurocognitive mechanism for heightened negative urgency among people with NSSI history. The current study evaluated whether relations between negative urgency and ED symptoms similarly reflect deficits in this neurocognitive process. A total of 105 community adults completed an assessment of ED symptoms, negative urgency, and an emotional response inhibition task. Results indicated that, contrary to predictions, negative urgency and NEAT contributed independent variance to the prediction of ED symptoms, while controlling for demographic covariates and NSSI history. Worse NEAT was also uniquely associated with restrictive eating, after accounting for negative urgency. Our findings suggest that difficulty inhibiting ongoing motor responses triggered by negative emotional reactions (i.e., NEAT) may be a shared neurocognitive characteristic of ED symptoms and NSSI. However, negative urgency and NEAT dysfunction capture separate variance in the prediction of ED-related cognitions and behaviors, distinct from the pattern of results we previously observed in NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. McLean Sammon
- Department of Psychology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074-1024, USA;
| | - Kathryn R. Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210-4638, USA;
| | - Jeremy G. Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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18
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Brunault P, Berthoz S, Gearhardt AN, Gierski F, Kaladjian A, Bertin E, Tchernof A, Biertho L, de Luca A, Hankard R, Courtois R, Ballon N, Benzerouk F, Bégin C. The Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0: Validation Among Non-Clinical and Clinical French-Speaking Samples and Comparison With the Full Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:480671. [PMID: 33033480 PMCID: PMC7509420 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.480671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) was designed to assess food addiction using a shorter version than the YFAS 2.0. We lack data about the psychometric properties of the mYFAS 2.0 in patients with obesity, as well as studies comparing the psychometric properties of the mYFAS 2.0 versus the full YFAS 2.0. This study aimed to validate the French-language mYFAS 2.0 in a non-clinical population (study 1, n = 250), to determine the yet unknown psychometric properties of this scale in patients with obesity (study 2, n = 345), and to compare the full YFAS 2.0 and the mYFAS 2.0 in terms of food addiction (FA) prevalence and symptoms detection in both populations. METHOD Study 1 included 250 non-clinical individuals (non-underweight and non-obese persons screened negative for eating disorders). Study 2 included 345 bariatric surgery candidates recruited in three centers (Québec, Canada; Reims and Tours, France). The mYFAS 2.0 structure was investigated using confirmatory factorial analyses with tetrachoric correlations. Convergent validity was tested using the full YFAS 2.0, the Binge Eating Scale (both studies), the revised 18-item Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (study 1), the Beck Depression Inventory (study 2), and the body mass index (BMI; both studies). RESULTS The mYFAS 2.0 was unidimensional, and had adequate (study 1: KR-20 = .78) and acceptable (study 2: KR-20 = .73) internal consistency. In study 1, the mYFAS 2.0 had good convergent validity with the YFAS 2.0, BMI, binge eating, cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating; in study 2, the mYFAS 2.0 had good convergent validity with the YFAS 2.0, binge eating, depression, but not BMI. Participants endorsed fewer symptoms with the mYFAS 2.0 than with the YFAS 2.0; FA prevalences were similar between questionnaires in the non-clinical, but not in the clinical sample. A FA 'diagnosis' and risk of binge eating disorder were associated but did not completely overlap. CONCLUSIONS The mYFAS 2.0 has close psychometric properties to the YFAS 2.0 in non-clinical and clinical samples. However, the use of the mYFAS 2.0 in bariatric surgery candidates might lead to a significant underestimation of FA prevalence and number of FA symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Brunault
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France.,Qualipsy EE 1901, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Berthoz
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPHE, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, Paris, France.,Département de Psychiatrie de l'Adolescent et du Jeune Adulte, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Fabien Gierski
- CHU de Reims, Pôle de Psychiatrie adulte, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France.,Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), laboratoire C2S (EA 6291), Reims, France
| | - Arthur Kaladjian
- CHU de Reims, Pôle de Psychiatrie adulte, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France.,Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), laboratoire C2S (EA 6291), Reims, France
| | - Eric Bertin
- CHU de Reims, Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabète-Nutrition, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Reims, France
| | - André Tchernof
- Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Biertho
- Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Arnaud de Luca
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Interne-Nutrition, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1069, Tours, France
| | - Régis Hankard
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Interne-Nutrition, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1069, Tours, France
| | - Robert Courtois
- Qualipsy EE 1901, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, CRIAVS, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Ballon
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France
| | - Farid Benzerouk
- CHU de Reims, Pôle de Psychiatrie adulte, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France.,Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), laboratoire C2S (EA 6291), Reims, France
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19
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Abstract
The concept of food addiction is currently a highly debated subject within both the general public and the scientific communities. The term food addiction suggests that individuals may experience addictive-like responses to food, similar to those seen with classic substances of abuse. An increasing number of studies have established the prevalence and correlates of food addiction. Moreover, food addiction may be associated with obesity and disordered eating. Thus, intervening on food addiction may be helpful in the prevention and therapy of obesity and eating disorders. However, controversy exists about if this phenomenon is best defined through paradigms reflective of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) substance-related disorders (e.g. food addiction) or non-substance-related disorders (e.g. eating addiction) criteria. This review paper will give a brief summarisation of the current state of research on food addiction, a more precise definition of its classification, its differentiation from eating addiction and an overview on potential overlaps with eating disorders. Based on this review, there is evidence that food addiction may represent a distinct phenomenon from established eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder. Future studies are needed to further examine and establish orthogonal diagnostic criteria specific to food addiction. Such criteria must differentiate the patterns of eating and symptoms that may be similar to those of eating disorders to further characterise food addiction and develop therapy options. To date, it is too premature to draw conclusions about the clinical significance of the concept of food addiction.
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20
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Meule A, Gearhardt AN. Ten Years of the Yale Food Addiction Scale: a Review of Version 2.0. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-019-00261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adopting an addiction perspective on eating disorders and obesity may have practical implications for diagnostic classification, prevention, and treatment of these disorders. The present article critically examines these implications derived from the food addiction concept. RECENT FINDINGS Introducing food addiction as a new disorder in diagnostic classification system seems redundant as most individuals with an addiction-like eating behavior are already covered by established eating disorder diagnoses. Food addiction may be a useful metaphor in the treatment of binge eating, but would be inappropriate for the majority of obese individuals. Implying an addiction to certain foods is not necessary when applying certain approaches inspired by the addiction field for prevention and treatment of obesity. The usefulness of abstinence models in the treatment of eating disorders and obesity needs to be rigorously tested in future studies. Some practical implications derived from the food addiction concept provide promising avenues for future research (e.g., using an addiction framework in the treatment of binge eating or applying abstinence models). For others, however, the necessity of implying an addiction to some foods needs to be scrutinized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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22
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Agüera Z, Paslakis G, Munguía L, Sánchez I, Granero R, Sánchez-González J, Steward T, Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernández-Aranda F. Gender-Related Patterns of Emotion Regulation among Patients with Eating Disorders. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020161. [PMID: 30717125 PMCID: PMC6406611 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) are common in females with eating disorders (ED). However, no study to date has analyzed ER in males with ED. In the study at hand, we assessed ER in males with ED and compared results to both females with ED and healthy controls (HC). We also examined associations between ER difficulties, personality, and psychopathology. A total of 62 males with ED were compared with 656 females with ED, as well as 78 male and 286 female HC. ER was assessed by means of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). We found that males and females with ED showed greater ER difficulties compared to HC. Pronounced general psychopathology was a shared factor associated with higher ER difficulties in both males and females with ED. However, whereas higher novelty seeking, higher cooperativeness, lower reward dependence, and lower self-directedness were related to higher ER difficulties in females with ED, lower persistence was associated with ER difficulties in males with ED. In sum, males and females with ED show similar ER difficulties, yet they are distinct in how ER deficits relate to specific personality traits. Research on strategies promoting ER in the treatment of males with ED is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Agüera
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Georgios Paslakis
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lucero Munguía
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Roser Granero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jessica Sánchez-González
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Trevor Steward
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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