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Doering JA, Dubiel J, Wiseman S. Predicting Early Life Stage Mortality in Birds and Fishes from Exposure to Low-Potency Agonists of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: A Cross-Species Quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathway Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:2055-2064. [PMID: 32648946 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) cause early life stage mortality of vertebrates through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). A prior study developed a cross-species quantitative adverse outcome pathway (qAOP) which can predict full dose-response curves of early life stage mortality for any species of bird or fish exposed to DLCs using the species- and chemical-specific 50% effect concentration (EC50) from an in vitro AhR transactivation assay with COS-7 cells. However, calculating a reliable EC50 for input into this qAOP requires the maximal response of the concentration-response curve to be known, which is not always possible for low-potency agonists, such as some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). To enable predictions for these low-potency agonists, the present study revised this qAOP to use the effect concentration threshold (ECThreshold ) from the in vitro AhR transactivation assay as input. Significant linear relationships were demonstrated between ECThreshold and the dose to cause 0, 10, 50, or 100% mortality among early life stages of 3 species of birds and 7 species of fish for 4 DLCs: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, PCB 126, PCB 77, and PCB 105. These 4 linear relationships were combined to form the revised qAOP. This qAOP using the ECThreshold enables prediction of experimental dose-response curves for lower-potency agonists to within an order of magnitude on average, but the prior qAOP using EC50 predicts experimental dose-response curves for higher-potency agonists with greater accuracy. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2055-2064. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Doering
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin Dubiel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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Doering JA, Wiseman S, Giesy JP, Hecker M. A Cross-species Quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathway for Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Leading to Early Life Stage Mortality in Birds and Fishes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7524-7533. [PMID: 29863850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) elicit adverse effects through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Prior investigations demonstrated that sensitivity to activation of AHR1 in an in vitro AHR transactivation assay is predictive of early life stage mortality among birds. The present study investigated the link between sensitivity to activation of AHR1s and AHR2s and early life stage mortality among fishes. A significant, linear relationship was demonstrated between sensitivity to activation of AHR2 and early life stage mortality among nine fishes, while no relationship was found for AHR1. The slope and y-intercept for the linear relationship between sensitivity to activation of AHR1 and early life stage mortality in birds was not statistically different from the same relationship for AHR2 in fishes. Data for fishes and birds across DLCs were expanded into four significant, linear regression models describing the relationship between sensitivity to activation of AHR and the dose to cause early life stage mortality of 0%, 10%, 50%, or 100%. These four relationships were combined to form a quantitative adverse outcome pathway which can predict dose-response curves of early life stage mortality for DLCs to any bird or fish from species- and chemical-specific responses in an in vitro AHR transactivation assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Doering
- Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5B3 , Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5B3 , Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , Alberta T1K 3M4 , Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5B3 , Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 , Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5B3 , Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5C8 , Canada
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Hoondert RPJ, Hilbers JP, Hendriks AJ, Huijbregts MAJ. Deriving Field-Based Ecological Risks for Bird Species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3716-3726. [PMID: 29484892 PMCID: PMC5863098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecological risks (ERs) of pollutants are typically assessed using species sensitivity distributions (SSDs), based on effect concentrations obtained from bioassays with unknown representativeness for field conditions. Alternatively, monitoring data relating breeding success in bird populations to egg concentrations may be used. In this study, we developed a procedure to derive SSDs for birds based on field data of egg concentrations and reproductive success. As an example, we derived field-based SSDs for p, p'-DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposure to birds. These SSDs were used to calculate ERs for these two chemicals in the American Great Lakes and the Arctic. First, we obtained field data of p, p'-DDE and PCBs egg concentrations and reproductive success from the literature. Second, these field data were used to fit exposure-response curves along the upper boundary (right margin) of the response's distribution (95th quantile), also called quantile regression analysis. The upper boundary is used to account for heterogeneity in reproductive success induced by other external factors. Third, the species-specific EC10/50s obtained from the field-based exposure-response curves were used to derive SSDs per chemical. Finally, the SSDs were combined with specific exposure data for both compounds in the two areas to calculate the ER. We found that the ERs of combined exposure to these two chemicals were a factor of 5-35 higher in the Great Lakes compared to Arctic regions. Uncertainty in the species-specific exposure-response curves and related SSDs was mainly caused by the limited number of field exposure-response data for bird species. With sufficient monitoring data, our method can be used to quantify field-based ecological risks for other chemicals, species groups, and regions of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske P. J. Hoondert
- Institute
for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle P. Hilbers
- Institute
for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Jan Hendriks
- Institute
for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. J. Huijbregts
- Institute
for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Eng ML, Bishop CA, Crump D, Jones SP, Williams TD, Drouillard KG, Elliott JE. Catbirds are the New Chickens: High Sensitivity to a Dioxin-like Compound in a Wildlife Species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5252-5258. [PMID: 28379684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) are highly toxic and persistent global pollutants with extremely large differences in sensitivity across taxonomic groups. The chicken has long been considered uniquely sensitive to DLCs among avian species; but DLC toxicity in nondomesticated birds is largely untested, and the relevance of the chicken as an ecological model is uncertain. New approaches that use genotyping of the AHR1 ligand binding domain to screen for DLC sensitivity among avian species predicted that the gray catbird, a relevant wildlife species, is also highly sensitive. We tested this prediction using egg injections of a dioxin-like PCB (PCB-126) and found that the catbird is at least as sensitive as the chicken to DLCs, based on both embryotoxicity and mRNA induction of phase I metabolizing enzymes (CYP1A4/5). This study is the first to confirm that there are wildlife species as sensitive as the chicken and demonstrates how using predictive genotyping methods and targeted bioassays can focus toxicity assessments on ecologically relevant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Eng
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada , 5421 Robertson Road, Delta, British Columbia V4K 3N2, Canada
| | - Christine A Bishop
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada , 5421 Robertson Road, Delta, British Columbia V4K 3N2, Canada
| | - Doug Crump
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada , 1125 Colonel By Drive, Raven Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Stephanie P Jones
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada , 1125 Colonel By Drive, Raven Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Tony D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University , 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kenneth G Drouillard
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada , 5421 Robertson Road, Delta, British Columbia V4K 3N2, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University , 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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Jönsson ME, Mattsson A, Shaik S, Brunström B. Toxicity and cytochrome P450 1A mRNA induction by 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) in chicken and Japanese quail embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 179:125-36. [PMID: 26456929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The tryptophan derivative formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) binds with high ligand affinity to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and is readily degraded by AHR-regulated cytochrome P450 family 1 (CYP1) enzymes. Whether in vivo exposure to FICZ can result in toxic effects has not been examined and the main objective of this study was to determine if FICZ is embryotoxic in birds. We examined toxicity and CYP1 mRNA induction of FICZ in embryos from chicken (Gallus domesticus) and Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) exposed to FICZ (2-200μgkg(-1)) by yolk and air sac injections. FICZ caused liver toxicity, embryo mortality, and CYP1A4 and CYP1A5 induction in both species with similar potency. This is in stark contrast to the very large difference in sensitivity of these species to halogenated AHR agonists. We also exposed chicken embryos to a low dose of FICZ (4μgkg(-1)) in combination with a CYP inhibitor, ketoconazole (KCZ). The mixture of FICZ and KCZ was lethal while FICZ alone had no effect at 4μgkg(-1). Furthermore, mixed exposure to FICZ and KCZ caused stronger and more long-lasting hepatic CYP1A4 induction than exposure to each compound alone. These findings indicate reduced biotransformation of FICZ by co-treatment with KCZ as a cause for the enhanced effects although additive AHR activation is also possible. To conclude, FICZ is toxic to bird embryos and it seems reasonable that the toxicity by FICZ involves AHR activation. However, the molecular targets and biological events leading to hepatic damage and mortality are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Jönsson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anna Mattsson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Siraz Shaik
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Brunström
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zahara ARD, Michel NL, Flahr LM, Ejack LE, Morrissey CA. Latent cognitive effects from low-level polychlorinated biphenyl exposure in juvenile European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:2513-2522. [PMID: 26033510 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicology research on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures has focused principally on short-term effects on reproduction, growth, and other physiological endpoints. Latent cognitive effects from early life exposure to low-level PCBs were examined in an avian model, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Thirty-six birds, divided equally among 4 treatment groups (control = 0 µg, low = 0.35 µg, intermediate = 0.70 µg, and high = 1.05 µg Aroclor 1254/g body weight), were dosed 1 d through 18 d posthatch, then tested 8 mo to 9 mo later in captivity in an analog to an open radial arm maze. Birds were subject to 4 sequential experiments: habituation, learning, cue selection, and memory. One-half of the birds did not habituate to the test cage; however, this was not linked to a treatment group. Although 11 of the remaining 18 birds successfully learned, only 1 was from the high-dosed group. Control and low-dosed birds were among the only treatment groups to improve trial times throughout the learning experiment. High-dosed birds were slower and more error-prone than controls. Cue selection (spatial or color cues) and memory retention were not affected by prior PCB exposure. The results indicate that a reduction in spatial learning ability persists among birds exposed to Aroclor 1254 during development. This may have implications for migration ability, resource acquisition, and other behaviors relevant for fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R D Zahara
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Nicole L Michel
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Leanne M Flahr
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Leanne E Ejack
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christy A Morrissey
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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