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Xu Y, Zhang X, Xiao Z, Wang F, He M, Li Y, Che T, Li Y, Zang X, Li H, Hu F, Xu L. Concentration-dependent mechanisms of fluoranthene uptake by ryegrass. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 261:115088. [PMID: 37285675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluoranthene (Flu) uptake by plants is affected by plant growth and environmental concentration. Although plant growth processes, including substance synthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities, have been reported to regulate Flu uptake, their contributions have been poorly evaluated. Moreover, the effect of Flu concentration is little known. Here, low concentrations (0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/L) and high concentrations (20, 30, and 40 mg/L) of Flu were set to compare the changes in Flu uptake by ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Indices of plant growth (biomass, root length, root area, root tip number, and photosynthesis and transpiration rates), substance synthesis (indole acetic acid [IAA] content), and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD], peroxidase [POD], and catalase [CAT]) were recorded to unravel the mechanism of Flu uptake. Findings suggested that the Langmuir model fitted Flu uptake by ryegrass well. Flu absorption capacity in the root was stronger than that that in the leaf. Flu bioconcentration and translocation factors increased then reduced with the increase in Flu concentration and reached the maximum value under 5 mg/L Flu treatment. Plant growth and IAA content had the same pattern as before bioconcentration factor (BCF). SOD and POD activities increased then decreased with Flu concentration and reached their highest levels under 30 and 20 mg/L Flu treatments, respectively, whereas CAT activity decreased continuously and reached its lowest level under 40 mg/L Flu treatment. Variance partitioning analysis indicated that IAA content had the greatest significant effect on Flu uptake under low-concentration Flu treatments, whereas antioxidant enzyme activities had the greatest significant effect on Flu uptake under high-concentration Flu treatments. Revealing the concentration-dependent mechanisms of Flu uptake could provide a basis for regulating pollutant accumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhou Xu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoliang Xiao
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue He
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Li
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Che
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiayun Zang
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Li
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Hu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China; Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China.
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Saravanakumar K, Sivasantosh S, Sathiyaseelan A, Sankaranarayanan A, Naveen KV, Zhang X, Jamla M, Vijayasarathy S, Vishnu Priya V, MubarakAli D, Wang MH. Impact of benzo[a]pyrene with other pollutants induce the molecular alternation in the biological system: Existence, detection, and remediation methods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119207. [PMID: 35351595 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of benzo [a]pyrene (BaP) in recent times is rather unavoidable than ever before. BaP emissions are sourced majorly from anthropogenic rather than natural provenance from wildfires and volcanic eruptions. A major under-looked source is via the consumption of foods that are deep-fried, grilled, and charcoal smoked foods (meats in particular). BaP being a component of poly aromatic hydrocarbons has been classified as a Group I carcinogenic agent, which has been shown to cause both systemic and localized effects in animal models as well as in humans; has been known to cause various forms of cancer, accelerate neurological disorders, invoke DNA and cellular damage due to the generation of reactive oxygen species and involve in multi-generational phenotypic and genotypic defects. BaP's short and accumulated exposure has been shown in disrupting the fertility of gamete cells. In this review, we have discussed an in-depth and capacious run-through of the various origins of BaP, its economic distribution and its impact as well as toxicological effects on the environment and human health. It also deals with a mechanism as a single compound and its ability to synergize with other chemicals/materials, novel sensitive detection methods, and remediation approaches held in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Alwarappan Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Life Sciences, Sri Sathya Sai University for Human Excellence, Navanihal, Karnataka, 585 313, India.
| | - Kumar Vishven Naveen
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Monica Jamla
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
| | - Sampathkumar Vijayasarathy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India.
| | - Davoodbasha MubarakAli
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India.
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang QL, Jiang YH, Dong ZX, Li HW, Lin LB. Exposure to benzo[a]pyrene triggers distinct patterns of microRNA transcriptional profiles in aquatic firefly Aquatica wuhana (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123409. [PMID: 32763701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Larval aquatic fireflies in fresh water are adversely affected by water pollutants such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). However, their response to BaP stress at the microRNA (miRNA)-regulatory level remains unknown. Here, transcriptomes containing 31,872 genes and six miRNA transcriptional profiles were obtained for Aquatica wuhana larvae, and comparative analysis was performed between larvae exposed to BaP (0.01 mg/L) and unexposed controls. Fifteen of 114 miRNAs identified via bioinformatics were detected as differentially expressed (DEMs) upon BaP exposure. Analysis results of predicted target genes of DEM suggests that BaP exposure primarily triggered transcriptional changes of miRNA associated with five major regulatory categories: 1) osmotic balance, 2) energy metabolic efficiency, 3) development, 4) xenobiotic metabolism (oxidative stress), and 5) innate immune response. Based on six innate immune- and xenobiotic metabolism-related pathways enriched by the predicted DEM targets, 11 key BaP-responsive DEMs were further screened to investigate dynamic changes of expression in response to BaP stress at five time points, and also to validate the miRNA sequencing data using quantitative real-time PCR. This study provides valuable information for the protection of firefly resources and supplements the understanding of miRNA regulatory mechanisms in response to water deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Lin Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yu-Hang Jiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Dong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lian-Bing Lin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Bai H, Luo M, Wei S, Jiang Z, He M. The vital function of humic acid with different molecular weight in controlling Cd and Pb bioavailability and toxicity to earthworm (Eisenia fetida) in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114222. [PMID: 32105968 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) plays vital roles in regulating the environmental behaviors of metals and thus their toxicity to biota. However, the inner relation between metal bioavailability to soil organisms and the presence of HA with different molecular weight (Mw) is not well documented. In this study, we separated HAs into four fractions with Mw range of 5-30k Da, and discussed their ability to alleviating the toxicity of Cd and Pb to earthworm. The bioaccumulation capacities (Cmax) increased in order of: UF1<UF2<UF3<UF4, which is in line with the variations of bioavailable concentrations of Cd and Pb in soil. Variations of Mw and binding capacities of HA determine the accumulation behavior in soil solution. The unsatisfactory of biotic ligand model fitting and the differences in fractions of the total biotic ligand sites (f) in earthworm bound by Cd and Pb suggested that only free species of Cd could be considered as biological available to earthworm, while the Pb-HAs complexes have potential ability to interact with earthworm membrane. Antioxidant enzymes are effective biomarkers, and HA with lower Mw play more important roles in restricting the toxicity of soil Cd and Pb to earthworm. These results reveal the different mechanism for HA controlling metal bioavailability between Cd and Pb in soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Bai
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, China
| | - Mei Luo
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiqiang Wei
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing, China; State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Zhenmao Jiang
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing, China; State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mingjing He
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing, China; State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Shao Y, Hou K, Du Z, Li B, Wang J, Juhasz A, Wang J, Zhu L. Evaluation of the toxicity of 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate using earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in two soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:946-958. [PMID: 31412528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, to research the toxic effect of ionic liquids (ILs) on earthworms and compare their different toxicities in different soils, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4) was selected as a test substance, Eisenia fetida was selected as the experimental indicator organism, and artificial and fluvo-aquic soils were selected as the media. The acute toxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, detoxification enzyme (GST) activity, anti-oxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation oxidative and DNA damage in earthworms were all measured to evaluate the toxicity of [Bmim]BF4. The results showed that either in fluvo-aquic soil or artificial soil, [Bmim]BF4 can stimulate the accumulation of ROS in earthworms, inducing activities of antioxidant enzymes and detoxification enzymes, inevitably causing lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in earthworms. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) indicated that the toxicity of [Bmim]BF4 in fluvo-aquic soil was greater than that in artificial soil. This experiment is relevant to the reliability of artificial soil toxicity research, and maybe this paper can provide a more authentic understanding of traditional toxicity experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Shao
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Kaixuan Hou
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Zhongkun Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, PR China.
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, PR China.
| | - Albert Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, PR China.
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, PR China.
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Ray S, Gautam A, Ray A, Das S, Ray M. Analysis of oxidative stress and cellular aggregation in the coelomocytes of earthworms collected from metal contaminated sites of industrial and agricultural soils of West Bengal, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:22625-22640. [PMID: 31168715 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endogeic earthworm Metaphire posthuma (Valliant, 1868) is a common biological component of the tropical soil of India and other countries. The species is reported to influence fertility and porosity of soil and bear a high composting potential. Intensive agricultural, industrial, and mining activities increase the amount of toxic metals in soil causing physiological adversity in earthworm and other biotic components in soil. Coelomocytes, the chief immunoeffector cells of earthworm, perform diverse physiological functions under the challenge of toxins and pathogens. The experimental earthworms collected separately from soils with agricultural and tannery activities were subjected to quantitation of prooxidation and antioxidation parameters for estimation of oxidative stress. Total count, cellular aggregation, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion, nitric oxide, activities of phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-s-transferase, and amount of total protein were estimated in the coelomocytes of M. posthuma as experimental end points of toxicity screening. Concentrations of cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury were determined in the soil samples to assess the degree of toxic contamination. The increase in the amount of prooxidants and decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes indicated the signs of oxidative stress in the coelomocytes of the organism. Aggregation of circulating coelomocytes is considered as an immune response involved in pathogen encapsulation response as reported in many invertebrates. Decrease in coelomocyte aggregation in earthworm collected from contaminated sites suggested a state of inappropriate shift of the innate immune status. Toxin-induced oxidative stress and reductions in cell aggregation response are the signs of immunocompromisation of M. posthuma. Present findings bear a prospect of this experimental species as an indicator of soil pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajal Ray
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India.
| | - Arunodaya Gautam
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Abhishek Ray
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Subhadeep Das
- Chemical Signal and Lipidomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Mitali Ray
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
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Zhang L, Zhou L, Han L, Zhao C, Norton JM, Li H, Hu F, Xu L. Benzo(a)pyrene inhibits the accumulation and toxicity of cadmium in subcellular fractions of Eisenia fetida. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:740-747. [PMID: 30557731 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and benzo [a]pyrene (BaP) often co-occur in the environment, and the critical body residue of organisms is used as an indicator of the toxic effects of contaminants. However, little is known about their distributions and toxicities when pollution of Cd and BaP are combined. Semi-static solution culture experiment was used to study the impacts of BaP on the subcellular distribution of the toxic metal Cd in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. We explored the mechanisms by which this organism responds to combined exposure to these pollutants by measuring the protein content of each of three subcellular fractions, as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. The subcellular partitioning of Cd was heterogeneous and Cd mainly accumulated in the cytosolic fraction (Fraction C), which was previously reported to be involved in metal immobilization. In Fraction C, Cd accumulation was correlated with the external concentration to which the earthworm had been exposed; however, in the presence of BaP, Cd accumulation was inhibited and plateaued at high external Cd concentrations. A principal component analysis revealed that this decreased Cd accumulation might be caused by increases in GST activity, which likely increased the excretion of Cd. BaP was also found to stimulate protein biosynthesis and upregulate AChE and GST activities in the debris fraction (Fraction E), indicating other potential detoxification mechanisms in this fraction. Granule fraction (Fraction D) had a lower protein content, AChE and GST activities than the other subcellular fractions, supporting previous findings that Fraction D is largely inert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Department of Plants, Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820, USA
| | - Lina Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Zhejiang Renxin Testing Research Institute Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Lisi Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Chenyu Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jeanette M Norton
- Department of Plants, Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820, USA
| | - Huixin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Feng Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
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Du R, Liu J, Sun P, Li H, Wang J. Inhibitory effect and mechanism of Tagetes erecta L. fungicide on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14442. [PMID: 29089546 PMCID: PMC5663927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanical fungicides comprise attractive alternatives to chemical fungicides because of their environmental compatibility. Flavonoids extracted from Tagetes erecta L. have an inhibitory effect on fusarium wilt in watermelons caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON). In this study, we synthesized one of these flavonoids, 2,5-dicyclopentylidene cyclopentanone (Tagetes erecta L. fungicide (TEF)) and assessed its activity against FON. In vitro, TEF inhibited FON growth and killed FON cells directly. TEF also affected FON cell physiology and mycelial structure. In watermelon plants with fusarium wilt, TEF protected the leaf cell structure and improved the germination rate of infected seeds while increasing overall plant resistance. A TEF-resistant mutant (FONM) was created by chemical mutagenesis. FON and FONM were analysed using iTRAQ and RNA-Seq, which identified 422 differentially expressed proteins and 7817 differentially expressed mRNAs in the proteome and transcriptome, respectively. The FONM mutations caused changes in the cell membrane and cell wall, which may constitute the site of action of TEF. Together, these results demonstrate that TEF could effectively control the watermelon fusarium wilt caused by FON, possibly through the inhibition of sterol biosynthesis. The data presented here suggest that TEF represents a new potential botanical anti-fungal drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Du
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P.R. China
| | - Jiandong Liu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P.R. China
| | - Hongquan Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P.R. China.
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P.R. China.
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9
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Zhang L, Duan X, He N, Chen X, Shi J, Li W, Xu L, Li H. Exposure to lethal levels of benzo[a]pyrene or cadmium trigger distinct protein expression patterns in earthworms (Eisenia fetida). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:733-742. [PMID: 28407590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Different pollutants induce distinct toxic responses in earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Here, we used proteomics techniques to compare the responses of E. fetida to exposure to the 10% lethal concentration (14d-LC10) of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or cadmium (Cd) in natural red soil (China). BaP exposure markedly induced the expression of oxidation-reduction proteins, whereas Cd exposure mainly induced the expression of proteins involved in transcription- and translation-related processes. Furthermore, calmodulin-binding proteins were differentially expressed upon exposure to different pollutants. The calcium (Ca2+)-binding cytoskeletal element myosin was down-regulated upon BaP treatment, whereas the Ca2+-binding cytoskeletal element tropomyosin-1 was up-regulated upon Cd treatment. Some proteins exhibited opposite responses to the two pollutants. For instance, catalase (CAT) and heat shock protein 70 were up-regulated upon BaP treatment and down-regulated upon Cd treatment. A significant (p<0.05, one-way ANOVA with least-significant difference (LSD) test) increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and CAT activity further showed that BaP mainly induces oxidative stress. Real-time PCR analysis showed that mRNA expression often did not correlate well with protein expression in earthworms subjected to Cd or BaP treatment. In addition, the expression of the gene encoding the protein metallothionein, which was not detected in the protein analysis, was induced upon Cd treatment, but slightly reduced upon BaP treatment. Therefore, BaP and Cd have distinct effects on the protein profile of E. Fetida with BaP markedly inducing ROS activity, and Cd mainly triggering genotoxicity. CAPSULE SUMMARY Distinct patterns of protein expression are induced in earthworms upon exposure to different pollutants; BaP markedly induces high levels of ROS, while Cd resultes in genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Duan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; College of Resources, Environment, and Planning, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinli Shi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Li
- Nanjing Scientific Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huixin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Mukherjee S, Ray M, Ray S. Shift in aggregation, ROS generation, antioxidative defense, lysozyme and acetylcholinesterase activities in the cells of an Indian freshwater sponge exposed to washing soda (sodium carbonate). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 187:19-31. [PMID: 27178357 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Washing soda, chemically identified as anhydrous sodium carbonate, is a popular cleaning agent among the rural and urban populations of India which often contaminates the freshwater ponds and lakes, the natural habitat of sponge Eunapius carteri. Present investigation deals with estimation of cellular aggregation, generation of ROS and activities of antioxidant enzymes, lysozyme and acetylcholinesterase in the cells of E. carteri under the environmentally realistic concentrations of washing soda. Prolonged treatment of washing soda inhibited the degree of cellular aggregation. Experimental exposure of 8 and 16mg/l of sodium carbonate for 48h elevated the physiological level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the agranulocytes, semigranulocytes and granulocytes of E. carteri, whereas, treatment of 192h inhibited the ROS generation in three cellular morphotypes. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase were recorded to be inhibited under prolonged exposure of washing soda. Washing soda mediated inhibition of ROS generation and depletion in the activities of antioxidant enzymes were indicative to an undesirable shift in cytotoxic status and antioxidative defense in E. carteri. Inhibition in the activity of lysozyme under the treatment of sodium carbonate was suggestive to a severe impairment of the innate immunological efficiency of E. carteri distributed in the washing soda contaminated habitat. Washing soda mediated inhibition in the activity of acetylcholinesterase indicated its neurotoxicity in E. carteri. Washing soda, a reported environmental contaminant, affected adversely the immunophysiological status of E. carteri with reference to cellular aggregation, oxidative stress, antioxidative defense, lysozyme and acetylcholinesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumalya Mukherjee
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Mitali Ray
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sajal Ray
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India.
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11
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Ma T, Chen L, Wu L, Zhang H, Luo Y. Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity in Earthworm Eisenia fetida at Different Di-n-Butyl Phthalate Exposure Levels. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151128. [PMID: 26982081 PMCID: PMC4794152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognized as ubiquitous contaminants in soil, the environmental risk of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) is of great concern recently. Effects of di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), an extensively used PAE compound to Eisenia fetida have been investigated in spiked natural brown yellow soil (Alfisol) for soil contact test. The toxicity of DnBP to E. fetida on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD), reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and the apoptosis of coelomocytes and DNA damage at the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of the incubation have been paid close attention to. In general, SOD activity and ROS content were significantly induced, opposite to total protein content and POD activity, during the toxicity test of 28 days especially under concentrations higher than 2.5 mg kg-1. The reduction in neutral red retention (NRR) time along with the increase of dead coelomocytes as the increasing of DnBP concentrations, indicating severe damage to cell viability under varying pollutant stress during cultivation, which could also be proved by comet assay results for exerting evident DNA damage in coelomocytes. DnBP in spiked natural soil could indeed cause damage to tissues, coelomocytes and the nucleus of E. fetida. The key point of the apparent change in different indices presented around 2.5 mg DnBP kg-1 soil, which could be recommended as the threshold of DnBP soil contamination, so that further investigation on threshold values to other soil animals or microorganisms could be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ma
- Institute of Hanjiang, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Li’ke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- * E-mail:
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