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Lee S, Jung GT, Cho M, Lee JW, Eghan K, Lee J, Yoon S, Kim KP, Kim WK. Plausibility of Daphnia magna as an alternative experimental model to evaluate effects on eicosanoid synthesis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115119. [PMID: 37327520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Eicosanoids play important roles in inflammation, allergy, fever, and immune responses. In the eicosanoid pathway, cyclooxygenase (COX) catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and is a crucial target of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Thus, toxicological studies on the eicosanoid pathway are important for drug discovery and the evaluation of adverse health outcomes due to environmental contaminants. However, experimental models are limited owing to concerns regarding ethical standards. Thus, new alternative models for evaluating toxic effects on the eicosanoid pathway must be developed. To this end, we adopted an invertebrate species, Daphnia magna, as an alternative model. D. magna was exposed to ibuprofen, a major NSAID, for 6 and 24 h. Transcription of eicosanoid-related genes (pla2, cox, pgd synthase, pgd2r2, ltb4dh, and lox) was analyzed by qPCR, eicosanoids (arachidonic acid, prostaglandin F2, dihydroxy prostaglandin F2, and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate) were quantified by multiple reaction monitoring, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine protein levels of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). After 6 h of exposure, transcription of the pla2 and cox genes was downregulated. In addition, the whole-body level of arachidonic acid, an upstream of COX pathway, increased by over 1.5-fold. The levels of PGE2, a downstream of COX pathway, decreased after 24 h of exposure. According to our results, it is expected that the eicosanoid pathway might be conserved in D. magna, at least partially. This indicates the plausibility of D. magna as an alternative model for the screening of new drugs or chemical toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Tae Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, the Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Cho
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kojo Eghan
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jieon Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, the Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Keun Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, the Republic of Korea.
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Moore TD, Martin-Creuzburg D, Yampolsky LY. Diet effects on longevity, heat tolerance, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial membrane potential in Daphnia. Oecologia 2023; 202:151-163. [PMID: 37204498 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The dietary supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) crucially affects animals' performance at different temperatures. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms are still insufficiently understood. Here, we analyzed lifespan and heat tolerance of four genotypes of Daphnia magna reared on either the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus that lacks long-chain (> C18) PUFA, or the heterokont alga Nannochloropsis limnetica that contains C20 PUFA, both either at saturating and near-starvation levels. A significant genotype-by-diet interaction in lifespan was observed at saturating diets. The C20 PUFA-rich diet eliminated differences in lifespan among genotypes on the PUFA-deficient diet. Corrected for body length, acute heat tolerance was higher at low than at high food concentration, at least in the older of the two age groups analyzed. Genotypes differed significantly in heat tolerance, but there were no genotype-by-diet interactions. As predicted, the C20 PUFA-rich diet resulted in higher lipid peroxidation (LPO) and a lower mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). LPO levels averaged across clones and rearing conditions were inversely related to acute heat tolerance. Yet, heat tolerance was higher on the PUFA-rich diet than on the PUFA-deficient diet, particularly in older Daphnia, indicating that the C20 PUFA-rich diet allowed Daphnia to compensate for higher LPO. In contrast, Daphnia with intermediate levels of ΔΨm showed the lowest heat tolerance. Neither LPO nor ΔΨm explained the diet effects on lifespan. We hypothesize that antioxidants present in the PUFA-rich diet may have enabled higher heat tolerance of Daphnia despite higher LPO, which may also explain the lifespan expansion of otherwise short-lived genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraysha D Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Dominik Martin-Creuzburg
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Research Station Bad Saarow, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, 15526, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Lev Y Yampolsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
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He Z, Chen Y, Huo D, Gao J, Xu Y, Yang R, Yang Y, Yu G. Combined methods elucidate the multi-organ toxicity of cylindrospermopsin (CYN) on Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121250. [PMID: 36813104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Global water bodies are now at risk from inevitable cyanobacterial blooms and their production of multiple cyanotoxins, in particular cylindrospermopsin (CYN). However, research on the CYN toxicity and its molecular mechanisms is still limited, whilst the responses of aquatic species against CYN are uncovered. By integrating behavioral observations, chemical detections and transcriptome analysis, this study demonstrated that CYN exerted multi-organ toxicity to model species, Daphnia magna. The present study confirmed that CYN could cause protein inhibition by undermining total protein contents, and altered the gene expression related to proteolysis. Meantime, CYN induced oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, decreasing the glutathione (GSH) concentration, and interfered with protoheme formation process molecularly. Neurotoxicity led by CYN was solidly determined by abnormal swimming patterns, reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and downward expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM). Importantly, for the first time, this research determined CYN directly interfered with energy metabolism in cladocerans. CYN distinctively reduced filtration and ingestion rate by targeting on heart and thoracic limbs, which declined the energy intake, and could be further displayed by the reduction of motional strength and the trypsin concentration. These phenotypic alterations were supported by transcriptomic profile, including the down-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. Moreover, CYN was speculated to trigger the self-defense responses of D. magna, known as "abandon-ship" by moderating lipid metabolism and distribution. This study, overall, comprehensively demonstrated the CYN toxicity and the responses of D. magna against it, which is of great significance to the advancements of CYN toxicity knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshi He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Youxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Da Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jin Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yewei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gongliang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Parolini M, De Felice B, Gois A, Faria M, Cordeiro N, Nogueira N. Polystyrene microplastics exposure modulated the content and the profile of fatty acids in the Cladoceran Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160497. [PMID: 36436639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies has shown that the exposure to microplastics (MPs) of different polymeric compositions can induce diverse adverse effects towards several aquatic species. The vast majority of such studies has been focused on the effects induced by the administration of MPs made by polystyrene (PS; hereafter PS-MPs). However, despite the increase in the knowledge on the potential toxicity of PS-MPs, there is a dearth of information concerning their role in affecting energy resources and/or their allocation. The present study aimed at exploring the impact of 21-days exposure to three concentrations (0.125, 1.25 and 12.5 μg mL-1) of PS-MPs of different sizes (1 and 10 μm) on fatty acids (FAs) profile of the freshwater Cladoceran Daphnia magna. The exposure to the highest tested concentration of PS-MPs induced an overall decrease in D. magna total FAs content, independently of the particle size. Moreover, a change in the accumulation of essential FAs by the diet was noted, with an enhanced synthesis of monounsaturated FAs-rich storage lipids. However, a sort of adaptation to counteract the adverse effects and to re-establish the FAs homeostasis was observed in individuals treated with high PS-MPs concentration, independently of their size. These results indicate that the exposure to PS-MPs could alter the allocation or induce changes in FAs composition in D. magna, with potential long-term consequences on life-history traits of this zooplanktonic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Beatrice De Felice
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - André Gois
- LB3, Faculty of Exact Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Marisa Faria
- LB3, Faculty of Exact Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nereida Cordeiro
- LB3, Faculty of Exact Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal
| | - Natacha Nogueira
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal; Mariculture Center of Calheta (CMC), Regional Directorate for the Sea, Av. D. Manuel I 7, 9370-135 Calheta, Madeira, Portugal
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Eccles JA, Baldwin WS. Detoxification Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in Families 1-3 Produce Functional Oxylipins from Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Cells 2022; 12:82. [PMID: 36611876 PMCID: PMC9818454 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reviews the CYP-mediated production of oxylipins and the current known function of these diverse set of oxylipins with emphasis on the detoxification CYPs in families 1-3. Our knowledge of oxylipin function has greatly increased over the past 3-7 years with new theories on stability and function. This includes a significant amount of new information on oxylipins produced from linoleic acid (LA) and the omega-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins such as α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the primary CYP responsible for producing specific oxylipins, and a lack of mechanistic insight for some clinical associations between outcomes and oxylipin levels. In addition, the role of CYPs in the production of oxylipins as signaling molecules for obesity, energy utilization, and development have increased greatly with potential interactions between diet, endocrinology, and pharmacology/toxicology due to nuclear receptor mediated CYP induction, CYP inhibition, and receptor interactions/crosstalk. The potential for diet-diet and diet-drug/chemical interactions is high given that these promiscuous CYPs metabolize a plethora of different endogenous and exogenous chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William S. Baldwin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Gessner EE, Shah MH, Ghent BN, Westbrook NE, van den Hurk P, Baldwin WS. The reproductive effects of the cancer chemotherapy agent, Carmofur, on Daphnia magna are mediated by its metabolite, 5-Fluorouracil. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:860-872. [PMID: 35579761 PMCID: PMC9233140 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carmofur is an antineoplastic agent that inhibits ceramidase, a key enzyme in the sphingolipid pathway. Previous research suggests carmofur represses reproductive maturity in Daphnia magna. The purpose of this experiment was to confirm carmofur's effects on fecundity and reproductive maturity over two generations. A chronic toxicity test found reproductive maturity was delayed from 9 to 19 days by 0.80 μM carmofur with a 99.7% drop in reproduction, probably caused by delayed ovarian development. Second generation effects were even greater with 0% reproductive success at 0.40 μM. To our surprise, carmofur was not measured in the media by HPLC 24 h after exposure. Previous research indicated that carmofur is unstable in water and hydrolyzed into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Therefore, the chronic toxicity study was repeated with 5-FU and similar effects on reproductive maturity were observed at similar concentrations despite very different acute toxicities (48 h carmofur LC50 = 1.93 μM; 5-FU LC50 = 207 μM). 5-FU delayed reproductive maturity from 9 to 21 days with a 71.12% drop in reproduction at 0.80 μM and greater effects in the 2nd generation similar to carmofur. 5-FU was found stable in aquatic media and HPLC confirmed 5-FU was hydrolyzed from carmofur within 24 h. In conclusion, carmofur and 5-FU reduce fecundity because they delay reproductive maturity and ovarian development in Daphnia magna. We conclude that the reproductive effects observed after carmofur treatment are primarily mediated by its breakdown product, 5-FU. This further underscores the importance of measuring chemical concentrations and evaluating chemical metabolism and decomposition when determining toxicity, especially of chemotherapeutic agents.Clinical trials registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Gessner
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Manav H Shah
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Bricen N Ghent
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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Li WF, Li S, Liu J, Wang XF, Chen HY, Hao H, Wang KJ. Vital Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolites in Serum Involved in Energy Metabolism during Pubertal Molt of Mud Crab ( Scylla paramamosain). Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100651. [PMID: 34677366 PMCID: PMC8538883 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pubertal molt is a vital stage in the cultivation of mature female crabs in the aquacultural industry of Scylla paramamosain. Since fasting occurs during molting, which requires a large supply of energy, internal energy reserves are critical. However, the dynamics of energy supply during pubertal molt is not clear. This study focuses on the variations of carbohydrates and lipids in serum during the pubertal molt of S. paramamosain via a metabolomics approach. Eleven lipid or carbohydrate metabolic pathways were significantly influenced postmolt. A remarkable decrease in carbohydrates in serum suggested that free sugars were consumed for energy. A significant decrease in glucose and alpha-d-glucosamine 1-phosphate showed that chitin synthesis exhausted glycogen, resulting in insufficient glucose supply. An increase in l-carnitine and acetylcarnitine, and a significant decrease in 15 fatty acyls and 8 glycerophosphocholines in serum indicated that carnitine shuttle was stimulated, and β-oxidation was upregulated postmolt. In addition, astaxanthin, ponasterone A, and riboflavin in serum were significantly decreased postmolt. Eleven potential metabolite biomarkers were identified for pubertal molt. Taken together, carbohydrates and lipids were possibly major energy reserves in pubertal molt. This study suggests that an increase in carbohydrate and lipid levels in crab feed may alleviate the effects of fasting during molt and improve farm productivity in mature female crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (W.-F.L.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.-F.W.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.H.)
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (W.-F.L.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.-F.W.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.H.)
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (W.-F.L.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.-F.W.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.H.)
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (W.-F.L.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.-F.W.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.H.)
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hui-Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (W.-F.L.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.-F.W.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.H.)
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hua Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (W.-F.L.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.-F.W.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.H.)
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (W.-F.L.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.-F.W.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.H.)
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence:
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Liu Z, Li Y, Pérez E, Jiang Q, Chen Q, Jiao Y, Huang Y, Yang Y, Zhao Y. Polystyrene nanoplastic induces oxidative stress, immune defense, and glycometabolism change in Daphnia pulex: Application of transcriptome profiling in risk assessment of nanoplastics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123778. [PMID: 33254789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are generally contaminated with nanoplastic material. As a result, molecular mechanisms for sensitive species like Daphnia are needed, given that mechanistic nanoplastic toxicity is largely unknown. Here, global transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed on D. pulex neonates to quantitatively measure the expression level of transcripts. A total of 208 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in response to nanoplastic exposure for 96 h, with 107 being up-regulated and 101 down-regulated. The gene functions and pathways for oxidative stress, immune defense, and glycometabolism were identified. In this study, D. pulex neonates provide some molecular insights into nanoplastic toxicity. However, more studies on DEGs are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms that result as a response to nanoplastic toxicity in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Edgar Pérez
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yinying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Maharajan K, Muthulakshmi S, Karthik C, Nataraj B, Nambirajan K, Hemalatha D, Jiji S, Kadirvelu K, Liu KC, Ramesh M. Pyriproxyfen induced impairment of reproductive endocrine homeostasis and gonadal histopathology in zebrafish (Danio rerio) by altered expression of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139496. [PMID: 32480152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen (PPF), a broad-spectrum insecticide known to cause reproductive and endocrine disruption in invertebrates, while the data is scarce in aquatic vertebrates. The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of PPF on reproductive endocrine system of male and female zebrafish along hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. In brain, PPF caused significant alteration in the transcripts of erα, lhβ, and cyp19b genes in male and fshβ, lhβ, and cyp19b genes in female zebrafish. The downstream genes of steroidogenic pathway like, star, 3βhsd, 17βhsd, and cyp19a expression were significantly altered in gonad of both sexes. Subsequent changes in circulatory steroid hormone levels lead to imbalance in hormone homeostasis as revealed from estradiol/testosterone (E2/T) ratio. Further, the vitellogenin transcript level was enhanced in hepatic tissues and their blood plasma content was increased in male (16.21%) and declined in female (21.69%). PPF also induced histopathological changes in gonads such as, reduction of mature spermatocytes in male and vitellogenic oocytes in female zebrafish. The altered E2/T ratio and gonadal histopathology were supported by the altered transcript levels of HPG axis genes. Overall, these findings provide new insights of PPF in zebrafish reproductive system and highlights for further investigations on its potential risks in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Maharajan
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India; Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Sellamani Muthulakshmi
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Chinnannan Karthik
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Bojan Nataraj
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Kanthan Nambirajan
- Division of Ecotoxicology, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore 641108, India
| | - Devan Hemalatha
- Department of Zoology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 641014, India
| | - Swaminathan Jiji
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Krishna Kadirvelu
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Ke-Chun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.
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Fuertes I, Piña B, Barata C. Changes in lipid profiles in Daphnia magna individuals exposed to low environmental levels of neuroactive pharmaceuticals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:139029. [PMID: 32446052 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Disruptive effects of chemicals on lipids in aquatic species are mostly limited to obesogens and vertebrates. Recent studies reported that antidepressants, anxiolytic, antiepileptic and β-adrenergic pharmaceuticals, with putative distinct mechanisms of action at low environmental relevant concentrations, up-regulated common neurological and lipid metabolic pathways and enhanced similarly reproduction in the crustacean Daphnia magna. Conversely CRISPR mutants for the tryptophan hydrolase enzyme gene (TRH) that lack serotonin had the opposed phenotype: the lipid metabolism down-regulated and impaired reproduction. Lipid metabolism is strongly linked to reproduction in D. magna. The aim of this study is to test if the above mentioned neuro-active chemicals disrupted common lipid groups and showed also the opposed lipidomic effects as those individuals lacking serotonin. This study used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/TOFMS) to study how neuro-active chemicals (carbamazepine, diazepam, fluoxetine and propranolol) at low (0.1 μg/L) and higher concentrations (1 μg/L) and three CRISPR TRH mutant clones disrupt the dynamics of glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids in Daphnia adults. Lipidomic analysis identified 267 individual lipids corresponding to three classes of glycerolipids, eleven of glycerophospholipids, one of sterols and one of sphingolipids, of which 132 and 125 changed according to the chemical treatments or across clones, respectively. Most pharmaceutical treatments enhanced reproduction whereas mutated clones lacking serotonin reproduced to a lesser extent. Except for carbamazepine, most of the tested pharmaceuticals increased some triacylglycerol species and decreased monoacylglycerols, lysophospholipids, sphingomyelins and cholesterol esters in exposed females. Opposed lipidomic pattern was observed in mutated clones lacking serotonin. Lipidomic data, thus, indicate a close link between reported transcriptomic and lipidomic changes, which are likely related to serotonin and other neurological signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Fuertes
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Benjamín Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Wang P, Ng QX, Zhang H, Zhang B, Ong CN, He Y. Metabolite changes behind faster growth and less reproduction of Daphnia similis exposed to low-dose silver nanoparticles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:266-273. [PMID: 30056340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With increasing presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the environment, the chronic and low-dose effects of AgNPs are of vital concern. This study evaluated chronic physiological effects of AgNPs on Daphnia similis, which were exposed to two ambient encountered concentrations (0.02 and 1 ppb) of AgNPs for 21 days. It was observed that the low-dose AgNPs stimulated a significant increase in average length/dry mass, but inhibited reproduction compared to control specimens. Non-targeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOFMS-MS) and gas chromatograph-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS) were utilized to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of these responses. Forty one metabolites were identified, including 18 significantly-changed metabolites, suggesting up regulation in protein digestion and absorption (amino acids, such as isoleucine, tryptophan, lysine, leucine, valine, aspartic acid, threonine, tyrosine) and down regulation of lipid related metabolism (fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, stearidonic acid, linoelaidic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid) were key events in these responses. The increase in these amino acid contents explains the accelerated growth of D. similis from the metabolic pathway of aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Down regulation of fatty acid contents corresponds to the observed drop in the reproduction rate considering the fatty acid biological enzymatic reaction pathways. Significant changes in metabolites provided a renewed mechanistic understanding of low concentration chronic toxicity of AgNP toxicity on D. similis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 88 Anning Road, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qin Xiang Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Hui Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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12
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Fuertes I, Jordão R, Casas J, Barata C. Allocation of glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids from adults to eggs in Daphnia magna: Perturbations by compounds that enhance lipid droplet accumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1702-1710. [PMID: 30064873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the disruptive effects of chemicals on lipids in invertebrates is limited by our poor knowledge of the lipid metabolic pathways and the complete lipidome. Recent studies shown that juvenoids and bisphenol A disrupted the dynamics of lipid droplets in the crustacean Daphnia magna. This study used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/TOFMS) to study how juvenoids (pyriproxyfen and methyl farnesoate) and bisphenol A disrupt the dynamics of glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids in Daphnia adults and their allocation to eggs. Lipidomic analysis identified 234 individual lipids corresponding to three classes of glycerolipids, seven of glycerophospholipids, and one of sphingolipids, of which 194 changed according to the chemical treatments and time. Adult females in the control and bisphenol A treatment groups had low levels of triacylglycerols but high levels of glycerophospholipids, whereas those in the juvenoid treatment groups had high levels of triacylglycerols and low levels of glycerophospholipids. The opposite trend was observed for the lipid contents in the eggs produced. Because the juvenoids reduced reproduction dramatically, the females allocated less triacylglycerols to their eggs than the controls did. Interestingly, females exposed to bisphenol A allocated less triacylglycerols to their eggs despite producing a similar number of eggs as that of the controls. Thin-layer chromatography analyses confirmed the UHPLC/TOFMS results and allowed qualitative determination of cholesterol, which was also accumulated in females exposed to the juvenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Fuertes
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rita Jordão
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Chłopecka M, Mendel M, Dziekan N, Karlik W. The effect of pyriproxyfen on the motoric activity of rat intestine - In vitro study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:1146-1152. [PMID: 30029324 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The application of pyriproxyfen (PPF) to drinking water and constant exposure of the whole population to this insecticide is an unprecedented action on a world scale and presents a new and serious challenge for toxicology. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential effect of PPF on the intestine muscle activity. The experiments were performed on isolated duodenum and jejunum strips of rat, in isometric conditions. Doses of PPF in the range of 0.032-100 μM were used in the experiments. The obtained results indicate that PPF affected significantly the spontaneous activity of duodenum and jejunum strips, PPF caused the muscle relaxation when used in the concentration of 0.8 μM and higher. The reaction to acetylcholine (ACh) when PPF preceded or followed ACh application was also reduced. It is demonstrated that the reduction of the contraction caused by ACh was stronger when duodenum strips were preincubated in the presence of PPF solution than in case of ACh-precontracted strips. The first significant reaction of duodenal strips appeared in the presence of PPF in a dose of 0.16 μM and 0.8 μM when the insecticide application preceded and followed ACh treatment, respectively. Besides, the duodenum turned out to be much more susceptible to the tested insecticide than jejunum. Taking into account PPF kinetic data obtained in animals, the observed disturbances were caused by the insecticide used in relatively high concentrations. However, the full risk estimation requires the kinetic data obtained in human, especially from monitoring studies on general population after long-term exposure to PPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chłopecka
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8, Ciszewskiego St., 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Mendel
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8, Ciszewskiego St., 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Dziekan
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8, Ciszewskiego St., 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Karlik
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8, Ciszewskiego St., 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Sengupta N, Reardon DC, Gerard PD, Baldwin WS. Exchange of polar lipids from adults to neonates in Daphnia magna: Perturbations in sphingomyelin allocation by dietary lipids and environmental toxicants. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178131. [PMID: 28542405 PMCID: PMC5443554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Because xenosensing nuclear receptors are also lipid sensors that regulate lipid allocation, we hypothesized that toxicant-induced modulation of HR96 activity would alter lipid profiles and the balance between adult survival and neonate production following exposure in Daphnia magna. Adult daphnids were exposed to unsaturated fatty acid- and toxicant- activators or inhibitors of HR96 and later starved to test whether chemical exposure altered allocation toward survival or reproduction. The HR96 activators, linoleic acid and atrazine, decreased reproduction as expected with concomitant changes in the expression of HR96 regulated genes such as magro. The HR96 inhibitors, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and triclosan, increased reproduction or neonate starvation survival, respectively. However, pre-exposure to triclosan increased in neonate survival at the expense of reproductive maturation. Lipidomic analysis revealed that sphingomyelins (SM) are predominantly found in neonates and therefore we propose are important in development. DHA and triclosan increased neonatal SM, consistent with HR96’s regulation of Niemann-Pick genes. While DHA altered expression of magro, Niemann-Pick 1b, mannosidase, and other HR96-regulated genes as expected, triclosan primarily perturbed sphingomyelinase and mannosidase expression indicating different but potentially overlapping mechanisms for perturbing SM. Overall, SM appears to be a key lipid in Daphnia maturation and further support was provided by carmofur, which inhibits sphingomyelin/ceramide metabolism and in turn severely represses Daphnia maturation and initial brood production. In conclusion, toxicants can perturb lipid allocation and in turn impair development and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Sengupta
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
| | - Delaney C. Reardon
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
| | - Patrick D. Gerard
- Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
| | - William S. Baldwin
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Zhang B, Zhang H, Du C, Ng QX, Hu C, He Y, Ong CN. Metabolic responses of the growing Daphnia similis to chronic AgNPs exposure as revealed by GC-Q-TOF/MS and LC-Q-TOF/MS. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 114:135-143. [PMID: 28237781 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials. Their fast-growing utilization has increased the occurrence of AgNPs in the environment, posing potential health and ecological risks. In this study, we conducted chronic toxicity tests and investigated the metabolic changes of the growing Daphna similis with exposure to 0, 0.02, and 1 ppb AgNPs, using non-targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the baseline metabolite change of a common aquatic organism Daphnia crustacean through its life-cycle. The results show a dynamic kinetic pattern of the growing Daphnia's metabolome underwent a cycle from day 0 to day 21, with the level of metabolites gradually increasing from day 0 to day 13, before falling back to the baseline level of day 0 on day 21. As for the samples exposed to environmental concentrations of AgNPs, although without morphological or structural changes, numerous metabolite changes occurred abruptly during the first 10 days, and these changes reached steady state by day 13. The significant changes in certain metabolites, such as amino acids (serine, threonine and tyrosine), sugars (d-allose) and fatty acids (arachidonic acid) revealed new insights into how these metabolites in Daphnia respond to chronic AgNPs stress. These findings highlight the capability of metabolomics to discover early metabolic responses to environmental silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Chunlei Du
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qin Xiang Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Chaoyang Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minghan District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
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16
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Barata C, Campos B, Rivetti C, LeBlanc GA, Eytcheson S, McKnight S, Tobor-Kaplon M, de Vries Buitenweg S, Choi S, Choi J, Sarapultseva EI, Coutellec MA, Coke M, Pandard P, Chaumot A, Quéau H, Delorme N, Geffard O, Martínez-Jerónimo F, Watanabe H, Tatarazako N, Lopes I, Pestana JLT, Soares AMVM, Pereira CM, De Schamphelaere K. Validation of a two-generational reproduction test in Daphnia magna: An interlaboratory exercise. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:1073-1083. [PMID: 27908627 PMCID: PMC5488698 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Effects observed within one generation disregard potential detrimental effects that may appear across generations. Previously we have developed a two generation Daphnia magna reproduction test using the OECD TG 211 protocol with a few amendments, including initiating the second generation with third brood neonates produced from first generation individuals. Here we showed the results of an inter-laboratory calibration exercise among 12 partners that aimed to test the robustness and consistency of a two generation Daphnia magna reproduction test. Pyperonyl butoxide (PBO) was used as a test compound. Following experiments, PBO residues were determined by TQD-LC/MS/MS. Chemical analysis denoted minor deviations of measured PBO concentrations in freshly prepared and old test solutions and between real and nominal concentrations in all labs. Other test conditions (water, food, D. magna clone, type of test vessel) varied across partners as allowed in the OECD test guidelines. Cumulative fecundity and intrinsic population growth rates (r) were used to estimate "No observed effect concentrations "NOEC using the solvent control as the control treatment. EC10 and EC-50 values were obtained regression analyses. Eleven of the twelve labs succeeded in meeting the OECD criteria of producing >60 offspring per female in control treatments during 21days in each of the two consecutive generations. Analysis of variance partitioning of cumulative fecundity indicated a relatively good performance of most labs with most of the variance accounted for by PBO (56.4%) and PBO by interlaboratory interactions (20.2%), with multigenerational effects within and across PBO concentrations explaining about 6% of the variance. EC50 values for reproduction and population growth rates were on average 16.6 and 20.8% lower among second generation individuals, respectively. In summary these results suggest that the proposed assay is reproducible but cumulative toxicity in the second generation cannot reliably be detected with this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Bruno Campos
- Department of Environmental chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Rivetti
- Department of Environmental chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerald A LeBlanc
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Box 7633, Raleigh NC 27695-7633, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Stephanie Eytcheson
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Box 7633, Raleigh NC 27695-7633, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Stephanie McKnight
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Box 7633, Raleigh NC 27695-7633, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Marysia Tobor-Kaplon
- Charles River Laboratories Den Bosch B.V., Dept. of Discovery and Environmental Sciences, Hambakenwetering 7, 5231, DD's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Selinda de Vries Buitenweg
- Charles River Laboratories Den Bosch B.V., Dept. of Discovery and Environmental Sciences, Hambakenwetering 7, 5231, DD's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Suhyon Choi
- Environmental Systems Toxicology Lab., School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163, Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- Environmental Systems Toxicology Lab., School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163, Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Elena I Sarapultseva
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Kashirskoe Highway, 31, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | | | - Maïra Coke
- U3E, Unité d'Ecologie et d'Ecotoxicologie Aquatique, INRA, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Pandard
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Unité EXES, Parc technologique ALATA, BP, 2, 60 550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- IRSTEA, UR MALY, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hervé Quéau
- IRSTEA, UR MALY, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Delorme
- IRSTEA, UR MALY, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Geffard
- IRSTEA, UR MALY, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Lab. de Hidrobiología Experimental, Prol. Carpio esq. Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomas, México, D. F. 11340, Mexico
| | - Haruna Watanabe
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cecilia Manuela Pereira
- Ghent University (UGent), Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology (GhEnToxLab), Coupure Links 653, B9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Karel De Schamphelaere
- Ghent University (UGent), Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology (GhEnToxLab), Coupure Links 653, B9000 Gent, Belgium
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17
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Sengupta N, Gerard PD, Baldwin WS. Perturbations in polar lipids, starvation survival and reproduction following exposure to unsaturated fatty acids or environmental toxicants in Daphnia magna. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:2302-11. [PMID: 26606184 PMCID: PMC4695249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acclimating to toxicant stress is energy expensive. In laboratory toxicology tests dietary conditions are ideal, but not in natural environments where nutrient resources vary in quality and quantity. We compared the effects of additional lipid resources, docosahexaenoic acid (n-3; DHA) or linoleic acid (n-6; LA), or the effects of the toxicants, atrazine or triclosan on post-treatment starvation survival, reproduction, and lipid profiles. Chemical exposure prior to starvation had chemical-specific effects as DHA showed moderately beneficial effects on starvation survival and all of the other chemicals showed adverse effects on either survival or reproduction. Surprisingly, pre-exposure to triclosan inhibits adult maturation and in turn completely blocks reproduction during the starvation phase. The two HR96 activators tested, atrazine and LA adversely reduce post-reproduction survival 70% during starvation and in turn show poor fecundity. DHA and LA show distinctly different lipid profiles as DHA primarily increases the percentage of large (>37 carbon) phosphatidylcholine (PC) species and LA primarily increases the percentage of smaller (<37 carbon) PC species. The toxicants atrazine and triclosan moderately perturb a large number of different phospholipids including several phosphatidylethanolamine species. Some of these polar lipid species may be biomarkers for diets rich in specific fatty acids or toxicant classes. Overall our data demonstrates that toxicants can perturb lipid utilization and storage in daphnids in a chemical specific manner, and different chemicals can produce distinct polar lipid profiles. In summary, biological effects caused by fatty acids and toxicants are associated with changes in the production and use of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Sengupta
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson SC, 29634, USA
| | - Patrick D Gerard
- Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson SC, 29634, USA
| | - William S Baldwin
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson SC, 29634, USA; Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson SC, 29634, USA.
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