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Peng Q, Huo B, Yang H, Xu Z, Mao H, Yang S, Dai Y, Li Z, Deng X. Increased invasion of submerged macrophytes makes native species more susceptible to eutrophication in freshwater ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168658. [PMID: 37979865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Invasion and eutrophication are considered to pose serious threats to freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem function. However, little is known about the synergistic effects of invasion density and nutrient concentration on native submerged macrophytes. Here, we selected a common invasive species (Elodea nuttallii) and two native plants (Hydrilla verticillata and Potamogeton maackianus) to elucidate the effects of invasion density and eutrophication on native submerged plants. We found that (1) high nutrient concentrations inhibited the growth of both invasive and native species, but E. nuttallii, with a wide ecological niche, was more tolerant to eutrophication than the two native species. (2) High invasion density had a remarkable negative effect on the growth of the two native species under the medium and high nutrient concentrations. (3) Medium and high invasion densities of E. nuttallii made native macrophytes more susceptible to eutrophication. (4) The two native macrophytes had species-specific responses to medium and high invasion densities under medium and high nutrient concentrations. Specifically, a high invasion density of E. nuttallii significantly delayed the growth of H. verticillata rather than P. maackianus. Thus, it is necessary to consider the synergistic effects of invasion with eutrophication when assessing invasion in freshwater ecosystems. And our results implied that invasion with eutrophication was a powerful factor determining the results of interspecific competition among submerged macrophytes, which could change the biodiversity, community structure and functions of freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutong Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Bingbing Huo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Zhiyan Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Hongzhi Mao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Shiwen Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yuitai Dai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Zhongqiang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xuwei Deng
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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2
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Ren H, Wang G, Ding W, Li H, Shen X, Shen D, Jiang X, Qadeer A. Response of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and microbial community to submerged macrophytes restoration in lakes: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116185. [PMID: 37207736 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms play a crucial role in the biogeochemical processes of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM), and the properties of DOM also significantly influence changes in microbial community characteristics. This interdependent relationship is vital for the flow of matter and energy within aquatic ecosystems. The presence, growth state, and community characteristics of submerged macrophytes determine the susceptibility of lakes to eutrophication, and restoring a healthy submerged macrophyte community is an effective way to address this issue. However, the transition from eutrophic lakes dominated by planktic algae to medium or low trophic lakes dominated by submerged macrophytes involves significant changes. Changes in aquatic vegetation have greatly affected the source, composition, and bioavailability of DOM. The adsorption and fixation functions of submerged macrophytes determine the migration and storage of DOM and other substances from water to sediment. Submerged macrophytes regulate the characteristics and distribution of microbial communities by controlling the distribution of carbon sources and nutrients in the lake. They further affect the characteristics of the microbial community in the lake environment through their unique epiphytic microorganisms. The unique process of submerged macrophyte recession or restoration can alter the DOM-microbial interaction pattern in lakes through its dual effects on DOM and microbial commu-----nities, ultimately changing the stability of carbon and mineralization pathways in lakes, such as the release of methane and other greenhouse gases. This review provides a fresh perspective on the dynamic changes of DOM and the role of the microbiome in the future of lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Ren
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Guoxi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wanchang Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - He Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xian Shen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Dongbo Shen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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3
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Fu WL, Duan PF, Wang Q, Liao YX, Wang YS, Xu MJ, Jiang HH, Zhang X, Rao ZM. Transcriptomics reveals the effect of ammonia nitrogen concentration on Pseudomonas stutzeri F2 assimilation and the analysis of amtB function. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:262-272. [PMID: 37033292 PMCID: PMC10074406 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological treatment of wastewater with high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen has become a hot research issue, but there are limited reports on the mechanism of ammonia nitrogen utilization by microorganisms. In this paper, a transcriptomic approach was used to investigate the differences in gene expression at 500.0 mg/L (Amo 500) and 100.0 mg/L (Amo 100) ammonium concentrations to reveal the mechanism of ammonia nitrogen removal from water by Pseudomonas stutzeri F2. The transcriptome data showed 1015 (459 up-regulated and 556 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes with functional gene annotation related to nitrogen source metabolism, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, extracellular polysaccharide synthesis, energy conversion and transmembrane transport, revealing the metabolic process of ammonium nitrogen conversion to biological nitrogen in P. stutzeri F2 through assimilation. To verify the effect of ammonium transporter protein (AmtB) of cell membrane on assimilation, a P. stutzeri F2-ΔamtB mutant strain was obtained by constructing a knockout plasmid (pK18mobsacB-ΔamtB), and it was found that the growth characteristics and ammonium removal rate of the mutant strain were significantly reduced at high ammonium concentration. The carbon source components and dissolved oxygen conditions were optimized after analyzing the transcriptome data, and the ammonium removal rate was increased from 41.23% to 94.92% with 500.0 mg/L ammonium concentration. The study of P. stutzeri F2 transcript level reveals the mechanism of ammonia nitrogen influence on microbial assimilation process and improvement strategy, which provides a new strategy for the treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater.
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Li B, Zhang Y, Xian Y, Luo P, Xiao R, Wu J. Physiological response and tolerance of Myriophyllum aquaticum to a wide range of ammonium concentrations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115368. [PMID: 35636112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Myriophyllum aquaticum (M. aquaticum) can be used in constructed wetlands (CWs) to effectively purify swine wastewater with high-ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N and NH4+-N) concentrations. However, the understanding of its tolerance mechanism to ammonia nitrogen is limited. The physiological response and tolerance mechanism of M. aquaticum to a wide range of NH4+ concentrations (0-35 mM) were investigated in the present study. The results indicated that M. aquaticum can tolerate NH4+ concentrations of up to 30 mM for 21 days and grow well with high nutrient (N, P) uptake. A suitable concentration of NH4+ for a better growth of M. aquaticum was 0.5-20 mM. The free NH4+ content was no obviously increase at NH4+ concentration below 15 mM, indicated there was no obviously ammonium accumulation. Exogenous NH4+ inhibited K+ absorption and improved Ca2+ absorption, indicating mineral cation could mediate NH4+ homeostasis under NH4+ stress. Moreover, comparison with those in the control group, the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) in M. aquaticum increased by 52.7%-115% at 1-20 mM NH4+, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased by 29.2-143% at 1-35 mM NH4+. This indicated that the high NH4+ tolerance of M. aquaticum was mainly due to the balance of free NH4+ content in tissues, as well as improved nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant system. This could be attributed to the role of the GS-GOGAT cycle and SOD. In conclusion, M. aquaticum, which tolerates high NH4+ concentration and has a high N uptake ability, can be used as a good candidate specie to help develop more efficient management strategies for treating high-NH4+ wastewater in CW systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region & Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region & Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China; College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yingnan Xian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region & Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region & Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Runlin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region & Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region & Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Yu Q, Wang H, Wang H, Xu C, Liu M, Ma Y, Li Y, Ma S, Hamilton DP, Jeppesen E. Effects of High Ammonium Loading on Two Submersed Macrophytes of Different Growth Form Based on an 18-Month Pond Experiment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:939589. [PMID: 35909745 PMCID: PMC9330597 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.939589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4-N) produces a paradoxical effect on submersed macrophytes because it is not only the preferred nitrogen source for the growth of plants but also threatens the growth of plants at high concentration. Whether short-term and small-scale physiological toxicity experiments at an individual level can reflect the effects of high ammonium on populations of submersed macrophytes in natural conditions is still unclear. In this study, an 18-month experiment was conducted in six 600 m2 ponds subjected to different levels of ammonium loading. The effects of high ammonium on populations of canopy-forming Myriophyllum spicatum and rosette-forming Vallisneria natans were explored. The results showed that M. spicatum and V. natans populations can develop high cover and height at high ammonium concentration (7 mg/L) at short-term exposures, and V. natans may be tolerant to 18 mg/L ammonium concentration. However, the cover of M. spicatum and the height of both species were inhibited at 2.4 mg/L at long-term exposures. The height of M. spicatum was two to six times higher than that of V. natans across all treatments and control by the end of the experiment, and the cover of M. spicatum was 7-11 times higher than that of V. natans in most NH4-N loading treatments, except the cover of M. spicatum in the highest NH4-N loading treatment with 18 mg/L NH4-N. The rosette-forming V. natans resists ammonium stress by slow growth (shoot elongation) to reduce consumption, while canopy-forming species resist ammonium stress by shoot elongation and canopy development to capture light. Although increasing ammonium concentration may induce severe stress on M. spicatum, the morphological characteristics of this species may, to some extent, release the plants from this stress. Our present study indicates that the negative effects of ammonium stress on the development of populations increased with exposure duration, and the submersed macrophyte community with stronger ability for light capture and dispersal may resist high ammonium stress. Nevertheless, in strongly ammonium-enriched systems, competition and succession cannot be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongzhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuonan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - David P. Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Ecoscience, WATEC, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Erdemli, Turkey
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6
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Gao J, Liu L, Ma N, Yang J, Dong Z, Zhang J, Zhang J, Cai M. Effect of ammonia stress on carbon metabolism in tolerant aquatic plant-Myriophyllum aquaticum. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114412. [PMID: 32217380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the tips of Myriophyllum aquaticum (M. aquaticum) plants were planted in open-top plastic bins and treated by simulated wastewater with various ammonium-N concentrations for three weeks. The contents of related carbohydrates and key enzyme activities of carbon metabolism were measured, and the mechanisms of carbon metabolism regulation of the ammonia tolerant plant M. aquaticum under different ammonium-N levels were investigated. The decrease in total nonstructural carbohydrates, soluble sugars, sucrose, fructose, reducing sugar and starch content of M. aquaticum were induced after treatment with ammonium-N during the entire stress process. This finding showed that M. aquaticum consumed a lot of carbohydrates to provide energy during the detoxification process of ammonia nitrogen. Moreover, ammonia-N treatment led to the increase in the activitives of invertase (INV) and sucrose synthase (SS), which contributed to breaking down more sucrose to provide substance and energy for plant cells. Meanwhile, the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity was also enhanced under stress of high concentrations of ammonium-N, especially on day 21. The result indicated that under high-concentration ammonium-N stress, SPS activity can be significantly stimulated by regulating carbon metabolism of M. aquaticum, thereby accumulating sucrose in the plant body. Taken together, M. aquaticum can regulate the transformation of related carbohydrates in vivo by highly efficient expression of INV, SPS and SS, and effectively regulate the osmotic potential, thereby delaying the toxicity of ammonia nitrogen and improving the resistance to stress. It is very important to study carbon metabolism under ammonia stress to understand the ammonia nitrogen tolerance mechanism of M. aquaticum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqing Gao
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Zhengzhou Yuanzhihe Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
| | - Lina Liu
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Na Ma
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jiao Yang
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Zekun Dong
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jingshen Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Zhengzhou Yuanzhihe Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jinliang Zhang
- Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450003, PR China
| | - Ming Cai
- Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450003, PR China
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Gao J, Ren P, Zhou Q, Zhang J. Comparative studies of the response of sensitive and tolerant submerged macrophytes to high ammonium concentration stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 211:57-65. [PMID: 30952066 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Three submerged macrophytes, Ceratophyllum demersum (CD), Myriophyllum spicatum (MS) and Myriophyllum aquaticum (MA), were treated with various concentrations of ammonia for different lengths of time. Ammonium ions (NH4+) in the medium severely inhibited plant growth and led to a reduction in total chlorophyll (chl a and b) in CD and MS. The addition of ammonia significantly decreased the soluble protein content and increased the free amino acid content of CD and MS in treatments with high concentrations of NH4+, but MA showed no significant physiological response. The antioxidant enzyme system of MA was activated, which in turn reduced the peroxidation level in the plant and maintained the plant's normal physiological activities when the ammonia nitrogen in the culture fluid increased. The study continued to use higher concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L) of ammonium nitrogen to treat and observe the peroxidation level and corresponding enzyme production for this species of MA in vivo to explore its resistance mechanism. The experiments show that MA can normally live for a period of time in a high-ammonia environment of up to 100 mg/L. The results of the present study will assist in studies of the detoxification of high ammonium ion contents in submersed macrophytes and the selection of plants suitable for macrophyte recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqing Gao
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China; Zhengzhou Yuanzhihe Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
| | - Peng Ren
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Zhengzhou Yuanzhihe Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Jingshen Zhang
- Zhengzhou Yuanzhihe Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
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8
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Yan L, Mu X, Han B, Zhang S, Qiu C, Ohore OE. Ammonium loading disturbed the microbial food webs in biofilms attached to submersed macrophyte Vallisneria natans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:691-698. [PMID: 31096399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge about the impacts of ammonium loading on microbial food webs in biofilms attached to submersed macrophytes is limited. In the present study, Illumina sequencing method was employed to investigate bacterial and eukaryotic communities in biofilms attached to leaves of Vallisneria natans (V. natans) exposed to 1-16 mg L-1 NH4+-N for 10 days, and 8 mg L-1 NH4+-N for 21 days. Ammonium loading stimulated biofilms growth, enhanced the relative abundance of nitrifying genus Nitrospira and several denitrifying genera. Eukaryotic kingdom Metazoa, Viridiplantae, Chromista, Fungi and super group SARNU (Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Rhizaria, Nucleariidae and Fonticula group and unknown eukaryotes) were obtained. Relative abundance of Metazoa decreased with the increased ammonium concentration and exposure time. Redundancy analysis revealed that ammonium, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH had a key role in determining microbial community structure. Network analyses revealed that there were complex interactions including feeding, parasitism and predatism among organism in biofilms, and the microbial food webs were disturbed by inhibiting metazoan growth but stimulating bacteria and algae growth. These results suggest that ammonium-disturbed microbial food webs in biofilms may contribute to the growth of biofilms and algae, and thus contribute to the decline of submersed macrophyte and provide "algal seeds" for the algae burst in water column. These data will be helpful in understanding the macrophytic region transform into algal region in water column polluted by ammonium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xiaoying Mu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Bing Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Songhe Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Changhao Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Okugbe E Ohore
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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9
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Wang R, Xu S, Sun H, Feng S, Jiang C, Zhou S, Wu S, Zhuang G, Chen B, Bai Z, Zhuang X. Complex regulatory network allows Myriophyllum aquaticum to thrive under high-concentration ammonia toxicity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4801. [PMID: 30886354 PMCID: PMC6423053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants easily experience ammonia (NH4+) toxicity, especially aquatic plants. However, a unique wetland plant species, Myriophyllum aquaticum, can survive in livestock wastewater with more than 26 mM NH4+. In this study, the mechanisms of the M. aquaticum response to NH4+ toxicity were analysed with RNA-seq. Preliminary analysis of enzyme activities indicated that key enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism were activated to assimilate toxic NH4+ into amino acids and proteins. In response to photosystem damage, M. aquaticum seemed to remobilize starch and cellulose for greater carbon and energy supplies to resist NH4+ toxicity. Antioxidative enzyme activity and the secondary metabolite content were significantly elevated for reactive oxygen species removal. Transcriptomic analyses also revealed that genes involved in diverse functions (e.g., nitrogen, carbon and secondary metabolisms) were highly responsive to NH4+ stress. These results suggested that a complex physiological and genetic regulatory network in M. aquaticum contributes to its NH4+ tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haishu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shugeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cancan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sining Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shimin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Mooney TJ, Pease CJ, Hogan AC, Trenfield M, Kleinhenz LS, Humphrey C, van Dam RA, Harford AJ. Freshwater chronic ammonia toxicity: A tropical-to-temperate comparison. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:177-189. [PMID: 30447090 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The chronic toxicity of ammonia to tropical freshwater species is understudied, and thus data on temperate species have been used to derive water quality guideline values for tropical regions. Such practices may lead to underprotective guideline values due to differences in toxicities observed between tropical and temperate species. In addition, the presence of ammonia in low-ionic-strength waters may also result in higher toxicity, and studies on this factor are limited. The present study assessed the toxicity of ammonia to 6 tropical freshwater species in low-ionic-strength waters. Because ammonia toxicity varies depending on the pH and temperature, test water pH concentrations were maintained at approximately pH 6.0 ± 0.3 at temperatures between 27.5 and 30 °C. Low-effect chronic inhibition concentrations were derived for the following species: Chlorella sp. 66 mg L-1 ; Lemna aequinoctialis 22 mg L-1 ; Hydra viridissima 1.8 mg L-1 ; Moinodaphnia macleayi 27 mg L-1 ; Amerianna cumingi 17 mg L-1 ; and Mogurnda mogurnda 5.4 mg L-1 total ammonia nitrogen. Two of the species tested (a cnidarian and a fish species) were among the most sensitive reported anywhere within their taxonomic group. Chronic ammonia datasets representing toxicity estimates for temperate and tropical species were plotted and compared using species sensitivity distributions. The results indicate that the differences in chronic toxicity observed between tropical and temperate species were likely due to the low ionic strength of the waters to which tropical species were exposed, rather than any inherent physiological differences between species from tropical and temperate regions. This finding suggests that tropical waters of low ionic strength may be at a higher risk from ammonia compared with other freshwater ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:177-189. © 2018 Commonwealth of Australia. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mooney
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Norther Territory, Australia
| | - Ceiwen J Pease
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Norther Territory, Australia
| | - Alicia C Hogan
- Natural Resource Assessment, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie Trenfield
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Norther Territory, Australia
| | - Linda S Kleinhenz
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Norther Territory, Australia
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Humphrey
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Norther Territory, Australia
| | - Rick A van Dam
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Norther Territory, Australia
| | - Andrew J Harford
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Norther Territory, Australia
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Yu Q, Wang HZ, Xu C, Li Y, Ma SN, Liang XM, Jeppesen E, Wang HJ. Higher Tolerance of Canopy-Forming Potamogeton crispus Than Rosette-Forming Vallisneria natans to High Nitrogen Concentration as Evidenced From Experiments in 10 Ponds With Contrasting Nitrogen Levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1845. [PMID: 30619414 PMCID: PMC6300520 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to excess nutrient loading, loss of submersed macrophytes is a worldwide phenomenon in shallow lakes. Phosphorus is known to contribute significantly to macrophyte recession, but the role of nitrogen has received increasing attention. Our understanding of how high nitrogen concentrations affect the growth of submersed macrophytes, particularly under natural conditions, is still limited. In this study, we conducted experiments with canopy-forming Potamogeton crispus in 10 ponds subjected to substantial differences in nitrogen loading (five targeted total nitrogen concentrations: control, 2, 10, 20, and 100 mg L-1) and compared the results with those of our earlier published experiments with rosette-forming Vallisneria natans performed 1 year before. Canopy-forming P. crispus was more tolerant than rosette-forming V. natans to exposure to high NH4 concentrations. This is probably because canopy-forming species reach the water surface where there is sufficient light for production of carbohydrates, thereby allowing the plants to partly overcome high NH4 stress. Both the canopy-forming P. crispus and the rosette-forming V. natans showed clear declining trends with increasing chlorophyll a in the water. Accordingly, shading by phytoplankton might be of key importance for the decline in submersed macrophytes in this experiment. Both experiments revealed free amino acids (FAA) to be a useful indicator of physiological stress by high ammonium but is not a reliable indicator of macrophyte growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Academy of Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo-Nan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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12
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Rao Q, Deng X, Su H, Xia W, Wu Y, Zhang X, Xie P. Effects of high ammonium enrichment in water column on the clonal growth of submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32735-32746. [PMID: 30244444 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As we know, the survival of young ramets and stolons is essential for the clonal growth of many aquatic plants. However, few NH4+ enrichment experiments on clonal growth of submerged macrophytes have been conducted to provide possible evidences for their declines in eutrophic lakes. Here, the growth and physiological responses of V. natans to the enrichment of NH4+-N were examined under six inorganic nitrogen (IN, i.e., the sum of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N)) concentrations (control, 2.5, 4.5, 6.5, 8.5, and 10.5 mg L-1). When NH4+-N concentration increased over 0.5 mg L-1, free amino acid (FAA) contents in leaves and stolons increased while soluble carbohydrate (SC) and starch contents decreased, and major growth indices (total biomass of plants, number of ramets, and stolon dry weight (DW)) also showed a degressive tendency. Remarkably, the stolon DW significantly declined with increasing FAA, but significantly positively related to SC and starch. These results indicated that clonal growth of V. natans was inhibited by high NH4+-N concentration, and imbalance of C-N metabolism of stolons partly explained the decline of submerged clonal macrophytes. In this study, the leaves of new and small (NS) ramets contained significantly more FAA and less SC than that of mature and mother (MM) plants, indicating that the C-N metabolism of young ramets was easier to be disrupted, consequently inhibiting the clonal growth of aquatic plants. Furthermore, under the condition of high NH4+-N concentration, FAA may be a useful indicator of both macrophyte growth and physiological stress of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Rao
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuwei Deng
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Haojie Su
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wulai Xia
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Gong L, Zhang S, Chen D, Liu K, Lu J. Response of biofilms-leaves of two submerged macrophytes to high ammonium. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 192:152-160. [PMID: 29101854 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Submerged macrophytes can provide attached surface for biofilms (known as periphyton) growth. In the present study, the alterations in biofilms formation, and chemical compositions and physiological responses were investigated on leaves of Vallisneria asiatica and Hydrilla verticillata exposed to 0.1 mg L-1 (control) or with 10 mg L-1 NH4+-N for 13 days. Results from physiological and biochemical indices (content of H2O2, malondialdehyde, total chlorophyll and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) showed that high ammonium caused oxidative damage to leaves of two species of plant. Multifractal analysis (based on scanning electron microscope images) showed that for the same plant, the values of width △α (△α = αmax-αmin) of the f(α) and Δf (Δf = f(αmin)-f(αmax)) were smaller on leaves surface of two species of plant treated with 10 mg L-1 NH4+-N for 13 days than their controls, suggesting high ammonium treatments reduced morphological heterogeneity of leaf surface and enhanced area of the colony-like biofilms. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that C, O, N and P were dominant elements on leaves surface of two species of plant and ammonium application increased the percentage of C but decreased that of O. High ammonium increased C1 (C-C or C-H) percentage but decreased C2 (C-O) and C3 (O-C-O or C=O) percentage on leaves surface of two species of plant, indicating that ammonium stress changed the surface chemical states and thus might reduce the capacity of leaves to adsorb nutrients from water column. Our results provided useful information to understand ammonium induced toxicity to submerged macrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Gong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Songhe Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Deqiang Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
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14
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Jiaojiao LU, Meng ZHANG, Shuiqing QUAN, Zugen LIU, Hongwen CHEN, Qi YIN, Chaoyi OUYANG. Integrated effects of hypoxia, high ammonia and low light on the growth and physiological C-N metabolism indices of Vallisneria natans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.18307/2018.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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15
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Cao Y, Wang W, Li W. Letter to the Editor Re: Yu Qing, Wang Hai-Jun, Wang Hong-Zhu, Li Yan, Liang Xiao-Min, Xu Chi, Jeppesen Erik Does the responses of Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara to high nitrogen loading differ between the summer high-growth season and the low-growth season? Science of the Total Environment 601-602(2017)1513-1521. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:75-76. [PMID: 28802111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Yu et al.'s paper showed very interesting effects of high nitrogen (N) on the submerged macrophytes Vallisneria natans: active growth in the growing season enabled the macrophytes partly to overcome the ammonium stress. This result was evident in an experiment using ten pond ecosystems; however, their conclusion that shading induced by high phytoplankton biomass together with the toxicity of high ammonium contributed to the decrease of macrophytes growth was not strongly supported by the data provided in the paper. Three factors influencing how submerged macrophytes respond to high ammonium, not addressed by Yu et al.'s paper, are toxicity of ammonium/ammonia (NH4+/NH3), the precise extent of shading in water and species-specific characteristics of macrophytes. In conclusion, a comprehensive consideration of abiotic and biotic factors that involve in the responses of submerged macrophytes to high N is urged in future studies of the role of high N on the growth of submerged macrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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16
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Yu Q, Wang HJ, Wang HZ, Li Y, Liang XM, Xu C, Jeppesen E. Does the responses of Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara to high nitrogen loading differ between the summer high-growth season and the low-growth season? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:1513-1521. [PMID: 28605869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Loss of submersed macrophytes is a world-wide phenomenon occurring when shallow lakes become eutrophic due to excess nutrient loading. In addition to the well-known effect of phosphorus, nitrogen as a trigger of macrophyte decline has received increasing attention. The precise impact of high nitrogen concentrations is debated, and the role of different candidate factors may well change over the season. In this study, we conducted experiments with Vallisneria natans during the growing season (June-September) in 10 ponds subjected to substantial differences in nitrogen loading (five targeted total nitrogen concentrations: control, 2, 10, 20, and 100mgL-1) and compared the results with those obtained in our earlier published study from the low-growth season (December-April). Like in the low-growth season, growth of V. natans in summer declined with increasing ammonium (NH4) concentrations and particularly with increasing phytoplankton chlorophyll a (ChlaPhyt). Accordingly, we propose that shading by phytoplankton might be of key importance for macrophyte decline, affecting also periphyton growth as periphyton chlorophyll a (ChlaPeri) decreased with increasing ChlaPhyt. Free amino acid contents (FAA) of plants tended to increase with increasing NH4 concentrations, while the relationships between FAA with growth indices were all weak, suggesting that FAA might be a useful indicator of the physiological stress of the plants but not of macrophyte growth. Taken together, the results from the two seasons indicate that although a combination of high nitrogen concentrations (ammonium) and shading by phytoplankton may cause severe stress on macrophytes, active growth in the growing season enabled them to partly overcome the stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Hong-Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Sino Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), Beijing, China
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17
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Zhou Q, Gao J, Zhang R, Zhang R. Ammonia stress on nitrogen metabolism in tolerant aquatic plant-Myriophyllum aquaticum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 143:102-110. [PMID: 28525813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia has been a major reason of macrophyte decline in the water environment, and ammonium ion toxicity should be seen as universal, even in species frequently labeled as "NH4+ specialists". To study the effects of high NH4+-N stress of ammonium ion nitrogen on tolerant submerged macrophytes and investigate the pathways of nitrogen assimilation in different organisms, Myriophyllum aquaticum was selected and treated with various concentrations of ammonium ions at different times. Increasing of ammonium concentration leads to an overall increase in incipient ammonia content in leaves and stems of plants. In middle and later stages, high concentrations of NH4+ ion nitrogen taken up by M. aquaticum decreased, whereas the content of NO3- ion nitrogen increased. Moreover, in M. aquaticum, the activities of the enzymes nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and asparagine synthetase changed remarkably in the process of alleviating NH4+ toxicity and deficiency. The results of the present study may support the studies on detoxification of high ammonium ion content in NH4+-tolerant submerged macrophytes and exploration of tissue-specific expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Zhou
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering/Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jingqing Gao
- College of Water Conservancy and Environmental Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
| | - Ruimin Zhang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering/Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering/Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
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