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Çiçek S. α-tocopherol ameliorates copper II oxide nanoparticles-induced cytotoxic, biochemical, apoptotic, and genotoxic damages in the rainbow trout gonad cells-2 (RTG-2) culture. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 101:104168. [PMID: 37295739 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of α-tocopherol on oxidative stress-caused damage caused by copper II oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on Oncorhynchus mykiss gonadal cells (RTG-2) for 24 and 48 h. α-Tocopherol reversed the cell death and alterations in the expressions of genes such as sod1, gpx1a, gpx4b, and igf2 caused by CuO NPs; it also supported the expressions of cat, igf1, and gapdh genes caused by CuO NPs for 24 h and promoted alterations in the expressions of the sod2, gh1, and igf1 genes for 48 h. Additionally, α-tocopherol reversed the caspase 3/7 activity increased by CuO NPs for 24 h and supported it's decrease for 48 h. α-Tocopherol supported the increase in tail DNA (%) affected by CuO NPs for 24 h and reversed it for 48 h. Therefore, α-tocopherol may have the potential to protect against cellular alterations induced by CuO NPs in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Çiçek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey.
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2
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Çiçek S. Influences of l-ascorbic acid on cytotoxic, biochemical, and genotoxic damages caused by copper II oxide nanoparticles in the rainbow trout gonad cells-2. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 266:109559. [PMID: 36738901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In parallel with the raising use of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in various industrial and commercial practices, scientific reports on their release to the environment and toxicity are increasing. The toxicity of CuO NPs is mostly based on their oxidative stress. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the efficacy of well-known therapeutic agents as antioxidants against CuO NPs damage. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of this damage and to display whether l-ascorbic acid could preserve against the cell toxicities induced by CuO NPs in the rainbow trout gonad cells-2 (RTG-2). While CuO NPs treatment significantly diminished cell viability, the l-ascorbic acid supplement reversed this. l-ascorbic acid treatment reversed the changes in expressions of sod1, sod2, gpx1a, and gpx4b genes while playing a supportive role in the changes in the expression of the cat gene induced by CuO NPs treatment. Moreover, CuO NPs treatment caused an upregulation in the expressions of growth-related genes (gh1, igf1, and igf2) and l-ascorbic acid treatment further increased these effects. CuO NPs treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of the gapdh gene (glycolytic enzyme gene) compared to the control group, and l-ascorbic acid treatment significantly down-regulated the expression of the gapdh gene compared to CuO NPs treatment. The genotoxicity test demonstrated that l-ascorbic acid treatment increased the genotoxic effect caused by CuO NPs by acting as a co-mutagen. Based on the findings, l-ascorbic acid has the potential to be sometimes inhibitory and sometimes supportive of cellular mechanisms caused by CuO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Çiçek
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25400, Turkey.
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Auclair J, Turcotte P, Gagnon C, Peyrot C, Wilkinson KJ, Gagné F. Investigation on the Toxicity of Nanoparticle Mixture in Rainbow Trout Juveniles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:311. [PMID: 36678064 PMCID: PMC9861584 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impacts of nanoparticle mixtures in the aquatic environment is not well understood. The purpose of this study examined the sub-lethal toxicity of low concentrations (ug/L range) of selected nanoparticles alone and in mixtures in juvenile trout. Fish were exposed to to individual and two environmentally relevant mixtures of silver (nAg), copper oxide (nCuO) and cerium oxide (nCeO) nanoparticles for 96 h at 15 °C. After the exposure period, fish were depurated overnight and tissue levels in Ag, Ce, Cu and Zn were determined along with a suite of effects biomarkers such as oxidative stress/inflammation, denatured protein tagging (ubiquitin), DNA strand breaks (genotoxicity) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The data showed that these nanoparticles behaved as suspended matter but were nevertheless bioavailable for fish with bioconcentration factors of 6, 8 and 2 for nAg, nCeO and nCuO respectively. Only nCuO alone increased malonaldehyde (lipid peroxidation) contents but all nanoparticles increased DNA damage, protein-ubiquitin labeling, and decreased AChE activity. Globally, the toxicity of nCeO and nCuO was generally stronger than nAg, and antagonist effects were found in the mixtures. The interactions involved in these antagonisms are not well understood but do not involve the liberation of free ions and labile zinc in tissues. In conclusion, the bioavailability and toxicity of these nanoparticles are influenced by mixtures of nanoparticles, which is likely to occur in contaminated environments.
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Trinh TX, Kim J. Status Quo in Data Availability and Predictive Models of Nano-Mixture Toxicity. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010124. [PMID: 33430414 PMCID: PMC7826902 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Co-exposure of nanomaterials and chemicals can cause mixture toxicity effects to living organisms. Predictive models might help to reduce the intensive laboratory experiments required for determining the toxicity of the mixtures. Previously, concentration addition (CA), independent action (IA), and quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR)-based models were successfully applied to mixtures of organic chemicals. However, there were few studies concerning predictive models for toxicity of nano-mixtures before June 2020. Previous reviews provided comprehensive knowledge of computational models and mechanisms for chemical mixture toxicity. There is a gap in the reviewing of datasets and predictive models, which might cause obstacles in the toxicity assessment of nano-mixtures by using in silico approach. In this review, we collected 183 studies of nano-mixture toxicity and curated data to investigate the current data and model availability and gap and to derive research challenges to facilitate further experimental studies for data gap filling and the development of predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung X. Trinh
- Chemical Safety Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jongwoon Kim
- Chemical Safety Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(0)42-860-7482
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Yan D, Xue Z, Li S, Zhong C. Comparison of cytotoxicity of Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO nanocomplexes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:811-819. [PMID: 33314238 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel metal and metal oxide-based nanocomplexes are being developed due to their superior properties compared with nanoparticles (NPs) based on single composition. In this study, we synthesized Ag-coated ZnO (Ag/ZnO) and Ag-doped ZnO (Ag@ZnO) NPs. The cytotoxicity and mechanisms associated with the synthesized NPs were investigated to understand the influence of Ag positions on biocompatibility of the NPs. After exposure to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), Ag/ZnO, Ag@ZnO, and ZnO NPs all significantly induced cytotoxicity, but the cytotoxic effects of Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs were more modest in comparison with ZnO NPs. At cytotoxic concentrations, all NPs significantly induced intracellular Zn ions, which suggested a role of excessive Zn ions on cytotoxicity of NPs. All types of NPs significantly induced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes including DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1), and ER to nucleus signaling 1 (ERN1), but Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs were less effective to induce DDIT3 and XBP-1 expression compared with ZnO NPs. Not surprisingly, only ZnO NPs significantly induced the expression of caspase 3. Combined, the results from this study showed that Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs were less cytotoxic and less potent to induce ER stress gene expression compared with ZnO NPs, but there were no significant differences between Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs. Our results may provide novel understanding about the biocompatibility of Ag-ZnO nanocomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejian Yan
- Institute of Advanced Materials, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Xue
- Institute of Advanced Materials, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
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Cazenave J, Ale A, Bacchetta C, Rossi AS. Nanoparticles Toxicity in Fish Models. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3927-3942. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190912165413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The increasing production and use of nanoparticles (NP) have raised concerns regarding the potential
toxicity to human and environmental health. In this review, we address the up to date information on nanotoxicity
using fish as models. Firstly, we carried out a systematic literature search (articles published up to February 2019
in the Scopus database) in order to quantitatively assess the scientific research on nanoparticles, nanotoxicity and
fish. Next, we carried out a narrative synthesis on the main factors and mechanisms involved in NP toxicity in
fish. According to the bibliometric analysis, there is a low contribution of scientific research on nanotoxicity
compared with the general nanoparticles scientific production. The literature search also showed that silver and
titanium NP are the most studied nanomaterials and Danio rerio is the fish species most used. In comparison with
freshwater fish, the effects of nanomaterials on marine fish have been little studied. After a non-systematic literature
analysis, we identified several factors involved in nanotoxicity, as well as the effects and main toxicity
mechanisms of NP on fish. Finally, we highlighted the knowledge gaps and the need for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Cazenave
- Instituto Nacional de Limnologia, CONICET, UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina, Paraje El Pozo, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Analía Ale
- Instituto Nacional de Limnologia, CONICET, UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina, Paraje El Pozo, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carla Bacchetta
- Instituto Nacional de Limnologia, CONICET, UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina, Paraje El Pozo, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrea Silvana Rossi
- Instituto Nacional de Limnologia, CONICET, UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina, Paraje El Pozo, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
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Hernández-Moreno D, Valdehita A, Conde E, Rucandio I, Navas JM, Fernández-Cruz ML. Acute toxic effects caused by the co-exposure of nanoparticles of ZnO and Cu in rainbow trout. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:24-33. [PMID: 31202010 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects produced by the co-exposure to low- and non-toxic concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnONPs) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) was assessed in rainbow trout following the OECD Test Guideline 203. Four groups of trouts were exposed for 96 h to a range of concentrations (0.0425-0.34 mg/L) of CuNPs (50 nm) in combination with a fixed non-toxic concentration (1.25 mg/L) of ZnONPs (25 nm) determined from an independent concentration-response study. One additional group was exposed to the highest concentration of CuNPs alone. Behaviour and mortality were observed during the experiment. After 96 h exposure, accumulated levels of Cu and Zn in the fish were measured by ICP-MS and ICP-OES, respectively. The induction of oxidative stress in liver and gills was evaluated by the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and the reduced glutathione (GSH) / oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio. The ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was also assessed. The results showed that CuNPs at the highest tested concentration do not cause acute toxicity, whereas exposure to all mixtures caused mortality, which was inversely proportional to the concentration of CuNPs (from 28% to 86% survival). Accumulated levels of Cu and Zn in the fish increased with the increasing concentrations of CuNPs, suggesting that the presence of CuNPs favours the entry of Zn. In general, the GST activity increased significantly in the gills of co-exposed groups, whereas the GSH/GSSG ratio was altered in the liver. The EROD activity was not modified. In conclusion, the co-exposure to these NPs potentiates their toxicity, observing an alteration of the GST activity and GSH/GSSG ratio in gill and liver, which was more pronounced at the lowest concentration of CuNPs. The lower toxic effect observed with the highest concentrations of CuNPs coincides with a greater internalization of Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hernández-Moreno
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Department of Environment and Agronomy, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Valdehita
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Department of Environment and Agronomy, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Conde
- Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Division of Chemistry, Department of Technology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Rucandio
- Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Division of Chemistry, Department of Technology, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Navas
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Department of Environment and Agronomy, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Fernández-Cruz
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Department of Environment and Agronomy, Madrid, Spain.
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Development of a new tool for the long term in vitro ecotoxicity testing of nanomaterials using a rainbow-trout cell line (RTL-W1). Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 50:305-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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Leung YH, Guo MY, Ma APY, Ng AMC, Djurišić AB, Degger N, Leung FCC. Transmission electron microscopy artifacts in characterization of the nanomaterial-cell interactions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5469-5479. [PMID: 28497205 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated transmission electron microscopy artifacts obtained using standard sample preparation protocols applied to the investigation of Escherichia coli cells exposed to common nanomaterials, such as TiO2, Ag, ZnO, and MgO. While the common protocols for some nanomaterials result only in known issues of nanomaterial-independent generation of anomalous deposits due to fixation and staining, for others, there are reactions between the nanomaterial and chemicals used for post-fixation or staining. Only in the case of TiO2 do we observe only the known issues of nanomaterial-independent generation of anomalous deposits due to exceptional chemical stability of this material. For the other three nanomaterials, different artifacts are observed. For each of those, we identify causes of the observed problems and suggest alternative sample preparation protocols to avoid artifacts arising from the sample preparation, which is essential for correct interpretation of the obtained images and drawing correct conclusions on cell-nanomaterial interactions. Finally, we propose modified sample preparation and characterization protocols for comprehensive and conclusive investigations of nanomaterial-cell interactions using electron microscopy and for obtaining clear and unambiguous revelation whether the nanomaterials studied penetrate the cells or accumulate at the cell membranes. In only the case of MgO and ZnO, the unambiguous presence of Zn and Mg could be observed inside the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hang Leung
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Mu Yao Guo
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China
| | - Angel P Y Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Alan M C Ng
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Natalie Degger
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Frederick C C Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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Benavides M, Fernández-Lodeiro J, Coelho P, Lodeiro C, Diniz MS. Single and combined effects of aluminum (Al 2O 3) and zinc (ZnO) oxide nanoparticles in a freshwater fish, Carassius auratus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:24578-24591. [PMID: 27787704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of nanoparticles (NPs) worldwide has raised some concerns about their impact on the environment. The aim of the study was to assess the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles, singly or combined, in a freshwater fish (Carassius auratus). The fish were exposed for 7, 14, and 21 days to different concentrations of NPs (10 μg Al2O3.L-1, 10 μg ZnO.L-1, 10 μg Al2O3.L-1 plus 10 μg ZnO.L-1, 100 μg Al2O3.L-1, 100 μg ZnO.L-1, and 100 μg Al2O3.L-1 plus 100 μg ZnO.L-1). At the end of each exposure period, antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase), lipid peroxidation, and histopathology were assessed in the gills and livers of C. auratus. The results show an increase in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the gills and livers of fish, especially after 14 days of exposure to single and combined NPs, followed by a reduction at 21 days. An increase in glutathione S-transferase (GST) was observed in gills after 7 days for all tested NP concentrations (single and combined); while in livers, a significant increase was determined after 14 days of exposure to 100 μg.L-1 of both single ZnO and Al2O3 NPs. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) significantly increased in gills after 7 days of exposure to 100 μg.L-1 Al2O3 NPs (single or combined). In livers, LPO increased significantly after 7 days of exposure to all tested concentrations of both single ZnO and Al2O3 (except for 10 μg Al2O3.L-1), and after 14 days of exposure to ZnO (10 and 100 μg.L-1) and Al2O3 (100 μg.L-1). The results from histological observations suggest that exposure to metal oxide NPs affected both livers and gills, presenting alterations such as gill hyperplasia and liver degeneration. However, the most pronounced effects were found in gills. In general, this study shows that the tested NPs, single or combined, are capable of causing sub-lethal effects on C. auratus, but when combined, NPs seem to be slightly more toxic than when added alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Benavides
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente. Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
- C4O Group, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Javier Fernández-Lodeiro
- C4O Group, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
- Proteomass Scientific Society, Rua dos Inventores, Madan Parque, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Coelho
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente. Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- C4O Group, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
- Proteomass Scientific Society, Rua dos Inventores, Madan Parque, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mário S Diniz
- C4O Group, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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