1
|
Ma J, Yu H, Li G, An T. Mechanism of cytochrome P450s mediated interference with glutathione and amino acid metabolisms from halogenated PAHs exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134589. [PMID: 38772114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that exposure to halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPAHs) is associated with many adverse effects. However, the mechanisms of metabolic disorder of HPAHs remains limited. Herein, effects of pyrene (Pyr), and its halogenated derivatives (1-chloropyrene (1-Cl-Pyr), 1-bromopyrene (1-Br-Pyr)) on endogenous metabolic pathways were investigated, in human hepatoma (HepG2) and HepG2-derived cell lines expressing various human cytochrome P450s (CYPs). Non-targeted metabolomics results suggested that 1-Br-Pyr and Pyr exposure (625 nM) induced disruption in glutathione and riboflavin metabolism which associated with redox imbalance, through abnormal accumulation of oxidized glutathione, mediated by bioactivation of CYP2E1. Conversely, CYP2C9-mediated 1-Cl-Pyr significantly interfered with glutathione metabolism intermediates, including glycine, L-glutamic acid and pyroglutamic acid. Notably, CYP1A1-mediated Pyr-induced perturbation of amino acid metabolism which associated with nutrition and glycolipid metabolism, resulting in significant upregulation of most amino acids, whereas halogenated derivatives mediated by CYP1A2 substantially downregulated amino acids. In conclusion, this study suggested that Pyr and its halogenated derivatives exert potent effects on endogenous metabolism disruption under the action of various exogenous metabolic enzymes (CYPs). Thus, new evidence was provided to toxicological mechanisms of HPAHs, and reveals potential health risks of HPAHs in inducing diseases caused by redox and amino acid imbalances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Guangzhou Key cLaboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Guangzhou Key cLaboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Guangzhou Key cLaboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Guangzhou Key cLaboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nascimento M, Rodrigues J, Matias R, Jordao L. Aeromonas spp. in Freshwater Bodies: Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Assembly. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:166. [PMID: 38391552 PMCID: PMC10886317 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are environmental bacteria able to infect animals and humans. Here, we aim to evaluate the role of biofilms in Aeromonas persistence in freshwater. Aeromonas were isolated from water and biofilm samples and identified by Vitek-MS and 16S rRNA sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined according to EUCAST, and a crystal violet assay was used to assess biofilm assembly. MTT and the enumeration of colony-forming units were used to evaluate biofilm and planktonic Aeromonas susceptibility to chlorination, respectively. Identification at the species level was challenging, suggesting the need to improve the used methodologies. Five different Aeromonas species (A. salmonicida, A. hydrophila, A. media, A. popoffii and A. veronii) were identified from water, and one species was identified from biofilms (A. veronii). A. veronnii and A. salmonicida presented resistance to different antibiotics, whith the highest resistance rate observed for A. salmonicida (multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.25). Of the 21 isolates, 11 were biofilm producers, and 10 of them were strong biofilm producers (SBPs). The SBPs presented increased tolerance to chlorine disinfection when compared with their planktonic counterparts. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying biofilm tolerance to chlorine and support the importance of preventing biofilm assembly in water reservoirs, further research is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nascimento
- Department of Environmental Health (DSA), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joao Rodrigues
- Department of Infectious Diseases (DDI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Matias
- Department of Infectious Diseases (DDI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luisa Jordao
- Department of Environmental Health (DSA), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Almeida KA, de Moura FR, Lima JV, Garcia EM, Muccillo-Baisch AL, Ramires PF, Penteado JO, da Luz Mathias M, Dias D, da Silva Júnior FMR. Oxidative damage in the Vesper mouse (Calomys laucha) exposed to a simulated oil spill-a multi-organ study. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:502-511. [PMID: 37118609 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Small wild mammals have been used to measure the damage caused by exposure to oil-contaminated soil, including deer mice. However, the study of toxic effects of crude oil using oxidative damage biomarkers in the wild rodent Calomys laucha (Vesper mouse) is absent. This investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of acute exposure to contaminated soil with different concentrations of crude oil (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8% w/w), simulating an accidental spill, using oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver, kidneys, lungs, testes, paw muscle, and lymphocytes of C. laucha. Animals exposed to the contaminated soil showed increases in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation at the highest exposure concentrations in most organ homogenates analyzed and also in blood cells, but responses to total antioxidant capacity were tissue-dependent. These results showed that acute exposure to oil-contaminated soil caused oxidative damage in C. laucha and indicate these small mammals may be susceptible to suffer the impacts of such contamination in its occurrence region, threatening the species' survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krissia Aparecida de Almeida
- LEFT - Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rafael de Moura
- LEFT - Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Juliane Ventura Lima
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Edariane Menestrino Garcia
- LEFT - Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Luíza Muccillo-Baisch
- LEFT - Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Florencio Ramires
- LEFT - Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Oliveira Penteado
- LEFT - Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Maria da Luz Mathias
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Deodália Dias
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior
- LEFT - Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu G, Ma Y, Yu Y, Xing Y, Yuan X, Zhu X. Cytotoxicity assessment of antibiotics on Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney cells by a sensitive electrochemical method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:21174-21182. [PMID: 33410011 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As emerging pollutants, antibiotics are ubiquitous in the environment and pose a threat to human health, giving rise to an urgent need to assess their biological toxicity. In the present study, a cell electrochemical method based on the bromocresol violet/carbon nanotubes/glassy carbon electrode (BCP/MWCNTs/GCE) was established to evaluate the cytotoxicities of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and tetracycline (TC). BCP/MWCNTs/GCE has advantages due to its excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of electroactive species of the Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney (CIK) cells. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of SMZ, CIP, and TC obtained by the electrochemical method were 831.51 μM, 354.98 μM, and 184.51 μM, which were lower than those of the traditional methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay (907.47 μM, 414.87 μM, and 208.11 μM). These results indicate the higher sensitivity of the electrochemical method. This study provided a sensitive tool for the cytotoxicity evaluation of antibiotics in the environmental toxicology field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanlan Wu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Yu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yuan
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He Y, Li J, Chen J, Miao X, Li G, He Q, Xu H, Li H, Wei Y. Cytotoxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics with different surface functionalization on human HepG2 cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138180. [PMID: 32224412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics in the environment lead to the human exposure to these particles. However, the consequences of this exposure are not yet fully understood. Here, the cytotoxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) with a uniform size (50 nm) but distinct surface functionalization (pristine polystyrene, PS; carboxy and amino functionalized, PS-COOH and PS-NH2, respectively), and at an exposure dosage of 10, 50 and 100 μg/mL, were assessed in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Although all PS-NPs could be internalized by the HepG2 cells, according to the fluorescent intensities, more of PS-COOH and PS-NH2 than PS, accumulated in the cells. The cell viability was significantly affected in a positively dose-related manner. Functionalized PS-NPs exhibited greater inhibition of cell viability than PS, and the viability inhibition peaked (46%) at 100 μg/mL of PS-NH2 exposure. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was maximum when HepG2 cells were exposed to 10 μg/mL of PS-COOH (1.8 folds higher than that without PS-COOH exposure). The glutathione (GSH) content was maximum when the cells were treated with 50 μg/mL of PS (3.75 fold increase compared to untreated cells). Although the difference in inhibition of cell viability was not significant between PS-NH2 and PS-COOH exposure, 100 μg/mL of PS-NH2 exposure caused the most severe oxidative stress due to dramatically increased accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA); however, a decrease in the antioxidants levels as the SOD activity and GSH content were also found. The results demonstrated that the cellular oxidative damage occurred and that the antioxidation enzymes may not be able to maintain the balance between the generation of oxidant species and the antioxidant defense. Consequently, 100 μg/mL of PS-NH2 exposure triggered the destruction of antioxidant structures. This study defines the cytotoxic effects of PS-NPs on HepG2 cells and emphasizes the significance of investigating the cytotoxic outcomes of nanoplastics in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jing Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Exploitation, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Jiancheng Chen
- Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaojun Miao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Haizhao Xu
- Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu S, Zhou S, Xing L, Shi P, Shi W, Zhou Q, Pan Y, Song MY, Li A. Fate of organic micropollutants and their biological effects in a drinking water source treated by a field-scale constructed wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 682:756-764. [PMID: 31132639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The safety of drinking water is directly related to the occurrence and concentrations of numerous organic micropollutants (OMPs) in source water. In this study, an approach integrating in vitro bioassays and chemical analyses was used to assess the purification effects of a field-scale constructed wetland on the fates of OMPs and their relevant toxicities and health risks in both summer and winter. Overall, 45 of 86 OMPs, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), and phthalates (PAEs), were detected in at least one of the water samples. The constructed wetland significantly decreased the concentrations of most types of OMPs, while showed negative effects on the PAEs and OPPs. Toxicological evaluation of water samples indicated that the cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and anti-androgen (Ant-AR) activity were all dramatically decreased after the constructed wetland treatment. PAEs and PAHs were the dominant contributors and accounted for 75.12-97.48% of the predicted Ant-AR potencies, while the total predicted Ant-AR potencies only contributed 3.13-15.97% of the observed Ant-AR potencies in the examined water samples, suggesting more OMPs that pose toxic effects are still undetected. The human health risk assessment demonstrated that noncarcinogenic risks of the water samples were acceptable. However, potential carcinogenic risks that were mainly induced by 2, 6-dinitrotoluene, 2, 4-dinitrotoluene, pentachlorophenol and PAEs cannot be ignored. This study can help to understand the role of constructed wetlands in removing OMPs and biological effects from drinking water sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sicong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Liqun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing University, Yancheng Academy of Environmental Protection Technology and Engineering, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mao-Yong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Baderna D, Caloni F, Benfenati E. Investigating landfill leachate toxicity in vitro: A review of cell models and endpoints. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 122:21-30. [PMID: 30448364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a complex mixture characterized by high toxicity and able to contaminate soils and waters surrounding the dumpsite, especially in developing countries where engineered landfills are still rare. Leachate pollution can severely damage natural ecosystems and harm human health. Traditionally, the hazard assessment of leachate is based on physicochemical characterization but the toxicity is not considered. In the last few decades, different bioassays have been used to assess the toxicity of this complex matrix, including human-related in vitro models. This article reviews the cell bioassays successfully used for the risk assessment of leachate and to evaluate the efficiency of toxicity removal of several processes for detoxification of this wastewater. Articles from 2003 to 2018 are covered, focusing mainly on studies that used human cell lines, highlighting the usefulness and adequacy of in vitro models for assessing the hazard involved with exposure to leachate, particularly as an integrative supporting tool for chemical-based risk assessment. Leachate is generally toxic, mutagenic, genotoxic and estrogenic in vitro, and these effects can be measured in the cells exposed to already low concentrations, confirming the serious hazard of this wastewater for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baderna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Italy.
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schwarzenböck C, Vagin SI, Heinz WR, Nelson PJ, Rieger B. Studies on the Biocompatibility of Poly(diethyl vinyl-phosphonate) with a New Fluorescent Marker. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800259. [PMID: 29892983 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of group transfer polymerization for the synthesis of poly(diethyl vinylphosphonate) (PDEVP) allows its controlled end-group functionalization. Thus, a new fluorescent chromophore/PDEVP conjugate is prepared and subjected to biocompatibility tests on two different human cell lines. In contrast to the previous studies, the tagged polymer is not absorbed by cells from the solution and has nearly no impact on cell mortality rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schwarzenböck
- Wacker Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sergei I Vagin
- Wacker Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Werner R Heinz
- Wacker Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Nephrologisches Zentrum und Arbeitsgruppe Klinische Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstraße 42, 80336, München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Wacker Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|