1
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Martins C, de Oliveira Galvão MF, Costa PM, Dreij K. Antagonistic effects of a COX1/2 inhibitor drug in human HepG2 cells exposed to an environmental carcinogen. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104453. [PMID: 38642625 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding interactions between legacy and emerging environmental contaminants has important implications for risk assessment, especially when mutagens and carcinogens are involved, whose critical effects are chronic and therefore difficult to predict. The current work aimed to investigate potential interactions between benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and legacy pollutant, and diclofenac (DFC), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and pollutant of emerging concern, and how DFC affects B[a]P toxicity. Exposure to binary mixtures of these chemicals resulted in substantially reduced cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells compared to single-chemical exposures. Significant antagonistic effects were observed in response to high concentrations of B[a]P in combination with DFC at IC50 and ⅕ IC50. While additive effects were found for levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, antagonistic mixture effects were observed for genotoxicity. B[a]P induced DNA strand breaks, γH2AX activation, and micronuclei formation at ½ IC50 concentrations or lower, whereas DFC induced only low levels of DNA strand breaks. Their mixture caused significantly lower levels of genotoxicity by all three endpoints compared to those expected based on concentration additivity. In addition, antagonistic mixture effects on CYP1 enzyme activity suggested that the observed reduced genotoxicity of B[a]P was due to its reduced metabolic activation as a result of enzymatic inhibition by DFC. Overall, the findings further support the growing concern that co-exposure to environmental toxicants and their non-additive interactions may be a confounding factor that should not be neglected in environmental and human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Martins
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica 2819 516, Portugal; UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica 2819 516, Portugal; Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
| | - Marcos Felipe de Oliveira Galvão
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Pedro M Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica 2819 516, Portugal; UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica 2819 516, Portugal
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
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2
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Oliveira Pereira EA, Labine LM, Kleywegt S, Jobst KJ, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Metabolomics revealed disruptions in amino acid and antioxidant biochemistry in Daphnia magna exposed to industrial effluents associated with plastic and polymer production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117547. [PMID: 37949288 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater effluents are a major source of chemicals in aquatic environments, and many of these chemicals may negatively impact aquatic life. In this study, the crustacean Daphnia magna, a common model organism in ecotoxicity studies, was exposed for 48 h to nine different industrial effluent samples from manufacturing facilities associated with the production of plastics, polymers, and coating products at a range of dilutions: 10, 25, 50, 100% (undiluted). A targeted metabolomic-based approach using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify polar metabolites from individual daphnids that survived the 48 h exposure. Multivariate analyses and metabolite changes revealed metabolic perturbations across all effluent samples studied, with non-monotonic responses and both up and downregulation relative to the unexposed control. Pathway analyses indicated the disruption of similar and distinct pathways, mostly connected to protein synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and antioxidant processes. Overall, we observed disruptions in Daphnia biochemistry that were similar across the effluent samples, but with unique features for each effluent sample. Additionally, non-monotonic heightened responses suggested additive and/or synergistic interactions between the chemicals within the industrial effluents. These findings demonstrate that targeted metabolomic approaches are a powerful tool for the biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems in the context of complex mixtures, such as industrial wastewater effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erico A Oliveira Pereira
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Lisa M Labine
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sonya Kleywegt
- Technical Assessment and Standards Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, ON, M4V 1M2, Canada
| | - Karl J Jobst
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 45 Arctic Ave., St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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3
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Labine LM, Pereira EAO, Kleywegt S, Jobst KJ, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Environmental metabolomics uncovers oxidative stress, amino acid dysregulation, and energy impairment in Daphnia magna with exposure to industrial effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116512. [PMID: 37394164 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities are regarded as point sources of pollution entering freshwater bodies worldwide. With over 350,000 chemicals used in manufacturing, wastewater treatment and industrial effluents are comprised of complex mixtures of organic and inorganic pollutants of known and unknown origins. Consequently, their combined toxicity and mode of action are not well understood in aquatic organisms such as Daphnia magna. In this study, effluent samples from wastewater treatment and industrial sectors were used to examine molecular-level perturbations to the polar metabolic profile of D. magna. To determine if the industrial sector and/or the effluent chemistries played a role in the observed biochemical responses, Daphnia were acutely (48 h) exposed to undiluted (100%) and diluted (10, 25, and 50%) effluent samples. Endogenous metabolites were extracted from single daphnids and analyzed using targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. The metabolic profile of Daphnia exposed to effluent samples resulted in significant separation compared to the unexposed controls. Linear regression analysis determined that no single pollutant detected in the effluents was significantly correlated with the responses of metabolites. Significant perturbations were uncovered across many classes of metabolites (amino acids, nucleosides, nucleotides, polyamines, and their derivatives) which serve as intermediates in keystone biochemical processes. The combined metabolic responses are consistent with oxidative stress, disruptions to energy metabolism, and protein dysregulation which were identified through biochemical pathway analysis. These results provide insight into the molecular processes driving stress responses in D. magna. Overall, we determined that the metabolic profile of Daphnia could not be predicted by the chemical composition of environmentally relevant mixtures. The findings of this study demonstrate the advantage of metabolomics in conjunction with chemical analyses to assess the interactions of industrial effluents. This work further demonstrates the ability of environmental metabolomics to characterize molecular-level perturbations in aquatic organisms exposed to complex chemical mixtures directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Labine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada; Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - E A Oliveira Pereira
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - S Kleywegt
- Technical Assessment and Standards Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, ON, M4V 1M2, Canada
| | - K J Jobst
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - A J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada; Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - M J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada; Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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4
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O'Rourke K, Virgiliou C, Theodoridis G, Gika H, Grintzalis K. The impact of pharmaceutical pollutants on daphnids - A metabolomic approach. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104157. [PMID: 37225008 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have been classified as emerging contaminants in the aquatic ecosystem, mainly due to their increased use and improper disposal. A significant range of pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites have been globally detected in surface waters and pose detrimental effects to non-target organisms. Monitoring pharmaceutical water pollution relies on the analytical approaches for their detection, however, such approaches are limited by their sensitivity limit and coverage of the wide range pharmaceutical compounds. This lack of realism in risk assessment is bypassed with effect-based methods, which are complemented by chemical screening and impact modelling, and are able to provide mechanistic insight for pollution. Focusing on the freshwater ecosystem, in this study we evaluated the acute effects on daphnids for three distinct groups of pharmaceuticals; antibiotics, estrogens, and a range of commonly encountered environmentally relevant pharmaceutical pollutants. Combining several endpoints such as mortality, biochemical (enzyme activities) and holistic (metabolomics) we discovered distinct patterns in biological responses. In this study, changes in enzymes of metabolism e.g. phosphatases and lipase, as well as the detoxification enzyme, glutathione-S-transferase, were recorded following acute exposure to the selected pharmaceuticals. A targeted analysis of the hydrophilic profile of daphnids revealed mainly the up-regulation of metabolites following metformin, gabapentin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim and β-estradiol. Whereas gemfibrozil, sulfamethoxazole and oestrone exposure resulted in the down-regulation of majority of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie O'Rourke
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Republic of Ireland.
| | - Christina Virgiliou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, and Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH) Biomic_AUTh, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Georgios Theodoridis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001, Greece; FoodOmicsGR, Research Infrastructure, Aristotle University Node, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001,Greece.
| | - Helen Gika
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece; Biomic AUTH, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, Thessaloniki GR 57001, Greece.
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5
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Anaraki MT, Lysak DH, Downey K, Kock FVC, You X, Majumdar RD, Barison A, Lião LM, Ferreira AG, Decker V, Goerling B, Spraul M, Godejohann M, Helm PA, Kleywegt S, Jobst K, Soong R, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ. NMR spectroscopy of wastewater: A review, case study, and future potential. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 126-127:121-180. [PMID: 34852923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is arguably the most powerful tool for the study of molecular structures and interactions, and is increasingly being applied to environmental research, such as the study of wastewater. With over 97% of the planet's water being saltwater, and two thirds of freshwater being frozen in the ice caps and glaciers, there is a significant need to maintain and reuse the remaining 1%, which is a precious resource, critical to the sustainability of most life on Earth. Sanitation and reutilization of wastewater is an important method of water conservation, especially in arid regions, making the understanding of wastewater itself, and of its treatment processes, a highly relevant area of environmental research. Here, the benefits, challenges and subtleties of using NMR spectroscopy for the analysis of wastewater are considered. First, the techniques available to overcome the specific challenges arising from the nature of wastewater (which is a complex and dilute matrix), including an examination of sample preparation and NMR techniques (such as solvent suppression), in both the solid and solution states, are discussed. Then, the arsenal of available NMR techniques for both structure elucidation (e.g., heteronuclear, multidimensional NMR, homonuclear scalar coupling-based experiments) and the study of intermolecular interactions (e.g., diffusion, nuclear Overhauser and saturation transfer-based techniques) in wastewater are examined. Examples of wastewater NMR studies from the literature are reviewed and potential areas for future research are identified. Organized by nucleus, this review includes the common heteronuclei (13C, 15N, 19F, 31P, 29Si) as well as other environmentally relevant nuclei and metals such as 27Al, 51V, 207Pb and 113Cd, among others. Further, the potential of additional NMR methods such as comprehensive multiphase NMR, NMR microscopy and hyphenated techniques (for example, LC-SPE-NMR-MS) for advancing the current understanding of wastewater are discussed. In addition, a case study that combines natural abundance (i.e. non-concentrated), targeted and non-targeted NMR to characterize wastewater, along with in vivo based NMR to understand its toxicity, is included. The study demonstrates that, when applied comprehensively, NMR can provide unique insights into not just the structure, but also potential impacts, of wastewater and wastewater treatment processes. Finally, low-field NMR, which holds considerable future potential for on-site wastewater monitoring, is briefly discussed. In summary, NMR spectroscopy is one of the most versatile tools in modern science, with abilities to study all phases (gases, liquids, gels and solids), chemical structures, interactions, interfaces, toxicity and much more. The authors hope this review will inspire more scientists to embrace NMR, given its huge potential for both wastewater analysis in particular and environmental research in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tabatabaei Anaraki
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Daniel H Lysak
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Katelyn Downey
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Flávio Vinicius Crizóstomo Kock
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-SP (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Xiang You
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Rudraksha D Majumdar
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada; Synex Medical, 2 Bloor Street E, Suite 310, Toronto, ON M4W 1A8, Canada
| | - Andersson Barison
- NMR Center, Federal University of Paraná, CP 19081, 81530-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciano Morais Lião
- NMR Center, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Venita Decker
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Spraul
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | | | - Paul A Helm
- Environmental Monitoring & Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Sonya Kleywegt
- Technical Assessment and Standards Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, ON M4V 1M2, Canada
| | - Karl Jobst
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Andre J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada.
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6
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Lane D, Bermel W, Ning P, Jeong TY, Martin R, Soong R, Wu B, Tabatabaei-Anaraki M, Heumann H, Gundy M, Boenisch H, Adamo A, Arhonditsis G, Simpson AJ. Targeting the Lowest Concentration of a Toxin That Induces a Detectable Metabolic Response in Living Organisms: Time-Resolved In Vivo 2D NMR during a Concentration Ramp. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9856-9865. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lane
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Wolfgang Bermel
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Paris Ning
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Tae-Yong Jeong
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Richard Martin
- IMicrosolder, 57 Marshall Street West, Meaford, Ontario, Canada N4L 1E4
| | - Ronald Soong
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Maryam Tabatabaei-Anaraki
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Adamo
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - George Arhonditsis
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - André J. Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
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7
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Jeong TY, Simpson MJ. Time-dependent biomolecular responses and bioaccumulation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in Daphnia magna. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 35:100701. [PMID: 32505104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent pollutant which is potentially harmful and bioaccumulative to aquatic organisms. To evaluate the regulatory alteration of select metabolites with PFOS exposure at early and typical acute exposure periods in an aquatic indicator species Daphnia magna, the hourly abundance of the twenty-three metabolites was investigated over 24 h. To evaluate the bioaccumulation potential of PFOS at a sub-lethal concentration in D. magna, the daily accumulation into D. magna for 16 days was also evaluated. Twenty-three targeted metabolites were quantified over 1 to 4 h and 21 to 24 h of PFOS exposure using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Daphnid to water PFOS concentration ratios were monitored separately over different days and life stages at 0 to 76 h and 2 to 16 days of PFOS exposure. The observed metabolite abundance and bioaccumulation in the exposed groups was compared between sampling times. The results reveal that sub-lethal PFOS exposure at 2 mg/L and 20 mg/L alters regulation of arginine, tyrosine and adenosine monophosphate which are directly and indirectly related to energy status. The temporal metabolic responses observed for the early exposure period (4 h), but not for the typical acute exposure period (24 h), suggest the dysregulation potency of PFOS on metabolite regulation of D. magna and the importance of early time-course monitoring approaches. Sixteen days of bioaccumulation monitoring showed that PFOS is more bioaccumulative in younger D. magna. The observation of time-dependent bioaccumulation of PFOS in D. magna requires further studies to define its precise mechanism. Interestingly, the bioaccumulation potential of PFOS was found to be consistent between 72 h and 16 day exposure periods. No difference on the body burden to water concentration ratio during about one third of the life span time (16 days), compared to the 72 h exposure, suggests that the prolonged exposure did not increase the bioaccumulation of PFOS in D. magna. This study demonstrates that the Daphnia metabolites are rapidly responding to sub-lethal PFOS exposure and provides information on life stage and time-dependent bioaccumulation potential of PFOS. As such, metabolite regulation is a sensitive indicator to sub-lethal PFOS exposure and can be informative when combined with other measures of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yong Jeong
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C1A4, Canada.
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8
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Lane D, Liaghati Mobarhan Y, Soong R, Ning P, Bermel W, Tabatabaei Anaraki M, Wu B, Heumann H, Gundy M, Boenisch H, Jeong TY, Kovacevic V, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ. Understanding the Fate of Environmental Chemicals Inside Living Organisms: NMR-Based 13C Isotopic Suppression Selects Only the Molecule of Interest within 13C-Enriched Organisms. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15000-15008. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lane
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Yalda Liaghati Mobarhan
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Ronald Soong
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Paris Ning
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Wolfgang Bermel
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Maryam Tabatabaei Anaraki
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | | | | | | | - Tae-Yong Jeong
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Vera Kovacevic
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Myrna J. Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - André J. Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
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9
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Lane D, Soong R, Bermel W, Ning P, Dutta Majumdar R, Tabatabaei-Anaraki M, Heumann H, Gundy M, Bönisch H, Liaghati Mobarhan Y, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ. Selective Amino Acid-Only in Vivo NMR: A Powerful Tool To Follow Stress Processes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9017-9028. [PMID: 31459990 PMCID: PMC6648361 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In vivo NMR of small 13C-enriched aquatic organisms is developing as a powerful tool to detect and explain toxic stress at the biochemical level. Amino acids are a very important category of metabolites for stress detection as they are involved in the vast majority of stress response pathways. As such, they are a useful proxy for stress detection in general, which could then be a trigger for more in-depth analysis of the metabolome. 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) is commonly used to provide additional spectral dispersion in vivo and permit metabolite assignment. While some amino acids can be assigned from HSQC, spectral overlap makes monitoring them in vivo challenging. Here, an experiment typically used to study protein structures is adapted for the selective detection of amino acids inside living Daphnia magna (water fleas). All 20 common amino acids can be selectively detected in both extracts and in vivo. By monitoring bisphenol-A exposure, the in vivo amino acid-only approach identified larger fluxes in a greater number of amino acids when compared to published works using extracts from whole organism homogenates. This suggests that amino acid-only NMR of living organisms may be a very sensitive tool in the detection of stress in vivo and is highly complementary to more traditional metabolomics-based methods. The ability of selective NMR experiments to help researchers to "look inside" living organisms and only detect specific molecules of interest is quite profound and paves the way for the future development of additional targeted experiments for in vivo research and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lane
- Environmental
NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental
NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Wolfgang Bermel
- Bruker
BioSpin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Paris Ning
- Environmental
NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Rudraksha Dutta Majumdar
- Environmental
NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
- Bruker
Canada Ltd, 2800 High
Point Drive, Milton, Ontario, Canada L9T 6P4
| | - Maryam Tabatabaei-Anaraki
- Environmental
NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | | | | | | | - Yalda Liaghati Mobarhan
- Environmental
NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Myrna J. Simpson
- Environmental
NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - André J. Simpson
- Environmental
NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
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Wagner ND, Helm PA, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Metabolomic responses to pre-chlorinated and final effluent wastewater with the addition of a sub-lethal persistent contaminant in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9014-9026. [PMID: 30719660 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Consumer products such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and pharmaceuticals (PCPPs) enter aquatic ecosystems through inefficient removal during wastewater treatment. Often, the sterilization process of wastewater includes the addition of sodium hypochlorite that can react with PCPPs and other organic matter (i.e., dissolve organic matter) to generate disinfection by-products and can cause the final effluent to be more harmful to aquatic organisms. Here, we exposed Daphnia magna to two stages of wastewater, the pre-chlorinated wastewater (PreCl) and the final effluent. In addition, we exposed D. magna, to the final effluent with a concentration gradient of added PFOS, to investigate if this persistent contaminant altered the toxicity of the final effluent. After 48 h of contaminant exposure, we measured the daphnids metabolic responses to the different stages of wastewater treatment, and with the addition of PFOS, utilizing proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We found few significant changes to the metabolic profile of animals exposed to the PreCl wastewater; however, animals exposed to the final effluent displayed increases in many amino acids and decreases in some sugar metabolites. With the addition of PFOS to the final effluent, the metabolic profile shifted from increased amino acids and decreased sugar metabolites and energy molecules especially at the low and high concentrations of PFOS. Overall, our results demonstrate the metabolome is sensitive to changes in the final effluent that are caused by sterilization, and with the addition of a persistent contaminant, the metabolic profile is further altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Wagner
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Paul A Helm
- Environmental Monitoring & Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation, and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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