1
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Douglas AJ, Katzenback BA. The wood frog (Rana sylvatica): An emerging comparative model for anuran immunity and host-ranavirus interactions. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104733. [PMID: 37550009 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The wood frog (Rana sylvatica) is widely distributed across North America and is the only amphibian found north of the Arctic Circle due to its remarkable ability to tolerate whole-body freezing. Recent mass mortalities attributable to Ranavirus spp. (family Iridoviridae) in wild juvenile wood frogs, coupled with the apparent high susceptibility of wood frogs to experimental infection with frog virus 3 (FV3), the type species of the Ranavirus genus, or FV3-like isolates underscore the serious threat ranaviruses poses to wood frog populations. Despite the ecological relevance and unique life history of wood frogs, our understanding of the wood frog immune system and antiviral response to ranaviral infections is in its infancy. Here we aim to (1) synthesize the limited knowledge of wood frog immune defences, (2) review recent progress in establishing the wood frog as a study system for ranavirus infection, and (3) highlight the future use of wood frogs as a model anuran to provide insight into the evolution of anuran immune systems and antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Douglas
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Barbara A Katzenback
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada.
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2
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Ruthsatz K, Rico-Millan R, Eterovick PC, Gomez-Mestre I. Exploring water-borne corticosterone collection as a non-invasive tool in amphibian conservation physiology: benefits, limitations and future perspectives. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad070. [PMID: 37663928 PMCID: PMC10472495 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Global change exposes wildlife to a variety of environmental stressors and is affecting biodiversity worldwide, with amphibian population declines being at the forefront of the global biodiversity crisis. The use of non-invasive methods to determine the physiological state in response to environmental stressors is therefore an important advance in the field of conservation physiology. The glucocorticoid hormone corticosterone (CORT) is one useful biomarker to assess physiological stress in amphibians, and sampling water-borne (WB) CORT is a novel, non-invasive collection technique. Here, we tested whether WB CORT can serve as a valid proxy of organismal levels of CORT in larvae of the common frog (Rana temporaria). We evaluated the association between tissue and WB CORT levels sampled from the same individuals across ontogenetic stages, ranging from newly hatched larvae to froglets at 10 days after metamorphosis. We also investigated how both tissue and WB CORT change throughout ontogeny. We found that WB CORT is a valid method in pro-metamorphic larvae as values for both methods were highly correlated. In contrast, there was no correlation between tissue and WB CORT in newly hatched, pre-metamorphic larvae, metamorphs or post-metamorphic froglets probably due to ontogenetic changes in respiratory and skin morphology and physiology affecting the transdermal CORT release. Both collection methods consistently revealed a non-linear pattern of ontogenetic change in CORT with a peak at metamorphic climax. Thus, our results indicate that WB CORT sampling is a promising, non-invasive conservation tool for studies on late-stage amphibian larvae. However, we suggest considering that different contexts might affect the reliability of WB CORT and consequently urge future studies to validate this method whenever it is used in new approaches. We conclude proposing some recommendations and perspectives on the use of WB CORT that will aid in broadening its application as a non-invasive tool in amphibian conservation physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ruthsatz
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rafael Rico-Millan
- Ecology, Evolution, and Development Group, Doñana Biological Station – CSIC, Calle Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Paula Cabral Eterovick
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ivan Gomez-Mestre
- Ecology, Evolution, and Development Group, Doñana Biological Station – CSIC, Calle Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Seville, Spain
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3
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Yang C, Liang J. Associations between neonicotinoids metabolites and hematologic parameters among US adults in NHANES 2015-2016. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:26327-26337. [PMID: 36367654 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hematologic parameters are important indicators for monitoring the physiological changes and human health. Neonicotinoids (NEOs) exhibit toxic effects and can affect hematologic parameters. However, the effects of exposure to NEOs metabolites on hematologic parameters in the general population remain unknown. We examined the relationship between NEOs metabolites and hematologic parameters using a cross-sectional study design in 1397 adults of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016. The levels of NEOs metabolites in urine and hematologic makers were measured. Multivariate linear regression models were performed to examine the relationship between exposure to NEOs metabolites and hematologic parameters. Detectable urine levels of clothianidin (CLO) was inversely associated with hematocrit (β = - 0.689; 95% CI: - 1.335, - 0.042). Detectability of 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid (HIMI) was inversely correlated with basophil percentage (β = - 0.093; 95% CI: - 0.180, - 0.007). N-Desmethyl-acetamiprid (NDE) was related to reduced white blood cells (WBC) (β = - 0.419; 95% CI: - 0.764, - 0.074) and neutrophil counts (β = - 0.349; 95% CI: - 0.623, - 0.074). Imidacloprid-equivalent total neonicotinoids (IMIeq) was negatively related to red blood cells (RBC) (β = - 0.058; 95% CI: - 0.097, - 0.020), hemoglobin (β = - 0.149; 95% CI: - 0.282, - 0.015), and hematocrit (β = - 0.484; 95% CI: - 0.855, - 0.113). We also observed that exposure to NEOs metabolites was sex specifically related to hematologic alterations. For example, IMIeq was associated with reduced basophil counts (β = - 0.016; 95% CI: - 0.028, - 0.003), basophil percentage (β = - 0.092; 95% CI: - 0.169, - 0.016), RBC (β = - 0.097; 95% CI: - 0.156, - 0.038), hemoglobin (β = - 0.200; 95% CI: - 0.355, - 0.045), and hematocrit (β = - 0.605; 95% CI: - 1.111, - 0.098) only in males. These results provide the first evidence that exposure to NEOs metabolites can disturb hematologic homeostasis in the general population, and the effects may be sex specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Yang
- The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, No. 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
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4
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Ruthsatz K, Eterovick PC, Bartels F, Mausbach J. Contributions of water-borne corticosterone as one non-invasive biomarker in assessing nitrate pollution stress in tadpoles of Rana temporaria. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 331:114164. [PMID: 36400158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among a multitude of stressors to which wildlife is exposed, environmental pollution is a pervasive one that poses a serious threat. The permeable skin of amphibians is likely to increase direct contact of the body with pollutants, making them a group worth studying to access environmental quality. Consequently, finding reliable and complementary biomarkers that will present detectable and predictable changes in response to pollutants is essential to identify pollution sublethal effects on amphibians and to investigate whether these are in part responsible for population declines. The glucocorticoid hormone corticosterone (CORT), involved in many metabolic functions, is often used to measure the physiological stress response to environmental stressors in amphibians. In this study, we evaluated whether water-borne CORT can serve as a non-invasive biomarker for nitrate pollution stress in the European common frog (Rana temporaria) by comparing the effect of nitrate exposure on hormone release rates and on other physiological downstream biomarkers, i.e., ultimate physiological effects of the stressor. Specifically, we investigated the effect of different nitrate concentrations (0, 10, 50, and 100 mg/L) on water-borne CORT release rates, age, size, and body condition. Exposure to nitrate pollution significantly increased age at metamorphosis and water-borne CORT release rates, and led to reduced mass and body condition, but only at higher nitrate concentrations (i.e., 50 and 100 mg/L). Considering this similar sensitivity to other acknowledged biomarkers, water-borne CORT was a reliable biomarker of physiological stress in R. temporaria exposed to nitrate pollution stress in a controlled single-stressor laboratory approach. Thus, water-borne CORT is a promising method to be included in more holistic approaches. We recommend that such approaches keep testing multiple biomarker combinations, as species are exposed to several stressors likely to interact and produce varied outcomes in different biomarkers in their natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ruthsatz
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Paula C Eterovick
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Fabian Bartels
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jelena Mausbach
- Eawag & ETH Zurich,Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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5
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Fonseca Peña SVD, Natale GS, Brodeur JC. Toxicity of the neonicotinoid insecticides thiamethoxam and imidacloprid to tadpoles of three species of South American amphibians and effects of thiamethoxam on the metamorphosis of Rhinella arenarum. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:1019-1039. [PMID: 36424857 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2147113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the acute and chronic toxicity of the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid (IMI) and thiamethoxam (TIA) on the neotropical amphibian species Rhinella arenarum, Rhinella fernandezae and Scinax granulatus. The median lethal concentration after 96 hr exposure (96 hr-LC50) ranged between 11.28 and >71.2 mg/L amongst all species and development stages tested, indicating that these pesticides are not likely to produce acute toxicity in the wild. The subchronic toxicity was also low, with 21 day-LC50 values ranging between 27.15 and >71.2 mg/L. However, tadpoles of Rhinella arenarum exposed to thiamethoxam from stage 27 until completion of metamorphosis presented a significantly lower metamorphic success rate together with a smaller size at metamorphosis, starting from the lowest concentration tested. Although a number of studies previously examined the effects of neonicotinoids on amphibian tadpoles, these investigations focused on the time to metamorphosis and reported a variety of results including retardation, acceleration or lack of effect. Here, data demonstrated that thiamethoxam predominantly impacts metamorphosis through reduction of the transformation success and body weight, rather than by affecting the timings of metamorphosis. By closely monitoring progression of tadpoles through the different stages, impairment of metamorphosis was demonstrated to occur during the transition from stage 39 to 42, suggesting an effect on the thyroid system. An asymmetry in the length of the arms was also observed in metamorphs treated with thiamethoxam. Overall, these results indicate that thiamethoxam, and conceivably other neonicotinoids, have the potential to significantly impair metamorphosis of amphibians and diminish their performance and survival in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Vivian Daniela Fonseca Peña
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN) Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Guillermo Sebastián Natale
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM) Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julie Céline Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN) Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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6
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Bouffard J, Careau V, Robinson SA, Bergeron P. Effects of a Neonicotinoid Insecticide and Population Density on Behavior and Development of Wood Frogs (Rana sylvatica). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2968-2980. [PMID: 36089896 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians have been facing global declines over the last decades from direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic activities. A contributor to declines is waterway contamination from agricultural runoffs of pesticides such as neonicotinoids. Beyond direct and indirect effects of the pesticide, few studies have investigated the possible interactions between neonicotinoids and natural environmental stressors across larval development, which could alter the strength and direction of observed neonicotinoid effects. The present study used a fully crossed design to investigate how a concentration of imidacloprid (a neonicotinoid; 10 µg/L) measured in surface waters interacted with low and high population densities (0.33 and 1 tadpole/L, respectively), an important environmental stressor, to influence behavior and development across metamorphosis in wood frogs (Rana sylvatica), known to breed in agricultural landscapes. Behaviors were measured in the absence and presence of predation cues using open-field tests at three distinct developmental stages, up to the metamorph stage. We found that imidacloprid did not interact with population density or independently affect behaviors in the absence of predation cues. However, individuals raised at high density compared with low density were more active at an early developmental stage but less active at metamorphic climax. Furthermore, both density and imidacloprid independently decreased the natural freezing response of tadpoles to predation cues. Finally, we found that distance traveled in the open-field test was weakly repeatable between aquatic stages but not repeatable across metamorphosis, a pattern that was not affected by treatments. The present study provides novel insights on the ecotoxicology of imidacloprid in the presence of a natural stressor, highlighting the importance of including behavioral assays and natural stressors in studies of amphibian ecotoxicology. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2968-2980. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bouffard
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - V Careau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - S A Robinson
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Bergeron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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7
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Jenkins JA, Hartop KR, Bukhari G, Howton DE, Smalling KL, Mize SV, Hladik ML, Johnson D, Draugelis-Dale RO, Brown BL. Juvenile African Clawed Frogs ( Xenopus laevis) Express Growth, Metamorphosis, Mortality, Gene Expression, and Metabolic Changes When Exposed to Thiamethoxam and Clothianidin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13291. [PMID: 34948092 PMCID: PMC8706403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEO) represent the main class of insecticides currently in use, with thiamethoxam (THX) and clothianidin (CLO) primarily applied agriculturally. With few comprehensive studies having been performed with non-target amphibians, the aim was to investigate potential biomarker responses along an adverse outcome pathway of NEO exposure, whereby data were collected on multiple biological hierarchies. Juvenile African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis, were exposed to commercial formulations of THX and CLO at high (100 ppm) and low (20 ppm) concentrations of the active ingredient. Mortality, growth, development, liver metabolic enzyme activity, and gene expression endpoints were quantified. Tadpoles (n > 1000) from NF 47 through tail resorption stage (NF 66) were exposed to NEO or to NEO-free media treatments. Liver cell reductase activity and cytotoxicity were quantified by flow cytometry. Compared to control reference gene expressions, levels of expression for NEO receptor subunits, cell structure, function, and decontamination processes were measured by RT-qPCR by using liver and brain. Mortality in THX high was 21.5% compared to the control (9.1%); the metabolic conversion of THX to CLO may explain these results. The NF 57 control tadpoles were heavier, longer, and more developed than the others. The progression of development from NF 57-66 was reduced by THX low, and weight gain was impaired. Liver reductases were highest in the control (84.1%), with low NEO exhibiting the greatest reductions; the greatest cytotoxicity was seen with THX high. More transcriptional activity was noted in brains than in livers. Results affirm the utility of a study approach that considers multiple complexities in ecotoxicological studies with non-target amphibians, underscoring the need for simultaneously considering NEO concentration-response relationships with both whole-organism and biomarker endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Jenkins
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, LA 70506, USA; (D.J.); (R.O.D.-D.)
| | - Katherine R. Hartop
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (K.R.H.); (G.B.); (D.E.H.); (B.L.B.)
| | - Ghadeer Bukhari
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (K.R.H.); (G.B.); (D.E.H.); (B.L.B.)
| | - Debra E. Howton
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (K.R.H.); (G.B.); (D.E.H.); (B.L.B.)
| | - Kelly L. Smalling
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA;
| | - Scott V. Mize
- U.S. Geological Survey, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70816, USA;
| | - Michelle L. Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, 6000 J Street, Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA;
| | - Darren Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, LA 70506, USA; (D.J.); (R.O.D.-D.)
| | - Rassa O. Draugelis-Dale
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, LA 70506, USA; (D.J.); (R.O.D.-D.)
| | - Bonnie L. Brown
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (K.R.H.); (G.B.); (D.E.H.); (B.L.B.)
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8
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Suwannarin N, Prapamontol T, Isobe T, Nishihama Y, Mangklabruks A, Pantasri T, Chantara S, Naksen W, Nakayama SF. Association between Haematological Parameters and Exposure to a Mixture of Organophosphate and Neonicotinoid Insecticides among Male Farmworkers in Northern Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10849. [PMID: 34682593 PMCID: PMC8535230 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to insecticides may result in various health problems. This study investigated the association between haematological parameters and exposure to a mixture of organophosphate (OP) and neonicotinoid (NEO) insecticides among male farmworkers in Fang district, Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand. Concentrations of urinary dialkylphosphates, non-specific metabolites of OPs, and NEOs and their metabolites and haematological parameters were measured in 143 male farmworkers. The Bayesian kernel machine regression model was employed to evaluate the associations. Exposure to a mixture of insecticides was significantly associated with the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) when the concentrations of all the compounds and their metabolites were at the 60th percentile or higher compared with the 50th percentile. Furthermore, exposure to clothianidin (CLO) showed a decreasing association with MCHC when all the other insecticides were at their mean concentrations. CLO was the most likely compound to reduce MCHC, and this was confirmed by sensitivity analysis. These findings suggest that exposure to NEO insecticides, especially CLO, affects the haematological status relating to haemoglobin parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeranuch Suwannarin
- Ph.D. Degree Program in Environmental Science, Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences and Non-Communicable Diseases Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences and Non-Communicable Diseases Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yukiko Nishihama
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Ampica Mangklabruks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Tawiwan Pantasri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Somporn Chantara
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Warangkana Naksen
- Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Shoji F. Nakayama
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.N.)
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9
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Robinson SA, Chlebak RJ, Young SD, Dalton RL, Gavel MJ, Prosser RS, Bartlett AJ, de Solla SR. Clothianidin alters leukocyte profiles and elevates measures of oxidative stress in tadpoles of the amphibian, Rana pipiens. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117149. [PMID: 33894534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid pesticide use is widespread and highly debated, as evidenced by recent attention received from the public, academics and pesticide regulatory agencies. However, relatively little is known about the physiological effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on aquatic vertebrates. Amphibians (larval stages in particular) are excellent vertebrate bioindicators in aquatic systems due to their risk of exposure and sensitivity to environmental stressors. Previous work with wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles exposed to formulated products containing thiamethoxam or clothianidin in outdoor mesocosms found significant shifts in leukocyte profiles, suggesting the tadpoles were physiologically stressed. The main objective of the present study was to characterize this stress response further using complementary measures of stress after exposure to clothianidin on northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) during their aquatic larval stages. Laboratory static-renewal exposures were conducted over eight weeks with the technical product clothianidin at 0, 0.23, 1, 10 and 100 μg/L, and diquat dibromide at 532 μg/L was used as a positive control. We assessed tadpole leukocyte profiles and measures of oxidative stress as these sub-lethal alterations could affect amphibian fitness. We found changes in several types of leukocytes at 1 and 10 μg/L, suggesting that these tadpoles exhibited signs of mild physiological stress. Clothianidin also induced an oxidative stress response at 0.23, 1 and 100 μg/L. However, we found no differences in survival, growth, development time or hepatosomatic index in frogs exposed to clothianidin. Our study indicates that tadpoles chronically exposed to clothianidin have increased stress responses, but in the absence of concentration-response relationships and effects on whole-organism endpoints, the implications on the overall health and fitness of these changes are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Robinson
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ryan J Chlebak
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sarah D Young
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Rebecca L Dalton
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecological Assessment Division, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Melody J Gavel
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Adrienne J Bartlett
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Shane R de Solla
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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Shidemantle G, Buss N, Hua J. Are glucocorticoids good indicators of disturbance across populations that exhibit cryptic variation in contaminant tolerance? Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Shidemantle
- Biological Sciences Department Binghamton University (SUNY) Binghamton NY USA
| | - N. Buss
- Biological Sciences Department Binghamton University (SUNY) Binghamton NY USA
| | - J. Hua
- Biological Sciences Department Binghamton University (SUNY) Binghamton NY USA
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11
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Gavel MJ, Young SD, Dalton RL, Soos C, McPhee L, Forbes MR, Robinson SA. Effects of two pesticides on northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) stress metrics: Blood cell profiles and corticosterone concentrations. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 235:105820. [PMID: 33819826 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians are declining globally. Exposure to pesticides has been implicated in decreasing amphibian immune function, thus increasing their susceptibility to parasites and disease and thereby negatively affecting individuals and populations. Amphibians are likely exposed to neonicotinoids because these widely used insecticides are highly soluble in water and because amphibian freshwater habitats are often embedded in agroecosystems. Herein, we investigate the effects of long-term exposure to two individual neonicotinoids (clothianidin or thiamethoxam) at either low or high concentrations (2.5 or 250 µg/L) on northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) blood cell profiles and concentrations of corticosterone, an energy-mediating hormone associated with stress. Larval frogs from Gosner stage 25 to 46 were exposed to pesticide and control treatments in outdoor mesocosms. Corticosterone concentrations were measured after 6 d of exposure, and blood cell profiles were assessed once frogs reached Gosner stage 46 (following 8 w of exposure). No significant changes were found in erythrocyte counts, leukocyte counts, monocyte to leukocyte ratios or corticosterone concentrations between treatments. However, exposure to either 2.5 or 250 µg/L of clothianidin, or 250 µg/L of thiamethoxam decreased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios and neutrophil to leukocyte ratios, and exposure to 2.5 µg/L of clothianidin or 250 µg/L of thiamethoxam decreased eosinophil to leukocyte ratios. Our results indicate that long-term exposure to neonicotinoids can alter leukocyte profiles, indicative of a stress response. Future studies should investigate whether chronic exposure to neonicotinoids affect multiple measures of stress differently or influences the susceptibility of amphibians to parasites and pathogens. Our work underscores the importance of continued use of multiple measures of stress for different amphibian species when undertaking ecotoxicological assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody J Gavel
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah D Young
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Dalton
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Soos
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Landon McPhee
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mark R Forbes
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey A Robinson
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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Gavel MJ, Young SD, Blais N, Forbes MR, Robinson SA. Trematodes coupled with neonicotinoids: effects on blood cell profiles of a model amphibian. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2135-2148. [PMID: 33991246 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Habitat loss, climate change, environmental contaminants, and parasites and pathogens are among the main factors thought to act singly or together in causing amphibian declines. We tested for combined effects of neonicotinoid pesticides and parasites (versus parasites-only) on mortality, growth, and white blood cell profiles of a model amphibian: the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens). We first exposed infectious stages of frog trematodes (cercariae of Echinostoma spp.) to low and high concentrations of thiamethoxam or clothianidin versus water-only controls. There were no differences in survival of trematode cercariae between treatments. For the main experiment, we exposed tadpoles to clean water versus high concentrations of clothianidin or thiamethoxam for 2 weeks and added trematode cercariae to all tanks after 1 week. Exposure of tadpoles and parasites to high concentrations of thiamethoxam or clothianidin did not affect parasite infection success. Tadpole survival was not different between treatments before or after parasite addition and there were no significant differences in tadpole snout-to-vent lengths or developmental stages between treatments. Tadpoles exposed to thiamethoxam + parasites had smaller widths than parasite-only tadpoles, whereas tadpoles exposed to clothianidin + parasites had higher eosinophil to leukocyte ratios compared to parasite-only tadpoles. Tadpoles of both neonicotinoid + parasite treatments had significantly lower monocyte to leukocyte ratios relative to parasite-only tadpoles. High concentrations of neonicotinoid combined with parasites appear to influence tadpole immune function important for further defense against parasites and pathogens. This work highlights the need for more holistic approaches to ecotoxicity studies, using multiple stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Gavel
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - S D Young
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - N Blais
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M R Forbes
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey A Robinson
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0H3, Canada.
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13
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English SG, Sandoval-Herrera NI, Bishop CA, Cartwright M, Maisonneuve F, Elliott JE, Welch KC. Neonicotinoid pesticides exert metabolic effects on avian pollinators. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2914. [PMID: 33536520 PMCID: PMC7858574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are neurotoxic systemic insecticides applied extensively worldwide. The impacts of common neonicotinoids like imidacloprid on non-target invertebrate pollinators have been widely studied, however effects on vertebrate pollinators have received little attention. Here, we describe the first study evaluating the effects of short-term (3 d) exposure to a range of environmentally relevant concentrations ([Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]Body Weight) of imidacloprid on wild-caught ruby-throated hummingbirds. Within 2 h of exposure, hummingbirds exhibited a significant depression in energy expenditure (up to [Formula: see text]). We did not observe significant effects on foraging behaviour measured in the subsequent 2 h to 4 h, although the effect size estimate was large (0.29). We also analyzed tissues collected 24 h after the final dose and did not observe significant effects on immune response or cholinesterase activity, although this may be related to our small sample size. We determined that hummingbirds excrete imidacloprid quickly (elimination half-life of [Formula: see text]) relative to other bird species. Hummingbirds have high energetic demands and store relatively little energy, especially during migration and breeding seasons. Therefore, changes in their metabolism following exposures to imidacloprid observed herein could bear important survivorship consequences for hummingbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G English
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalia I Sandoval-Herrera
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine A Bishop
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
| | - Melissa Cartwright
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - France Maisonneuve
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
| | - Kenneth C Welch
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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14
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Bioaccumulation of the pesticide imidacloprid in stream organisms and sublethal effects on salamanders. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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15
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Robinson S, Richardson S, Dalton R, Maisonneuve F, Bartlett A, de Solla S, Trudeau V, Waltho N. Assessment of Sublethal Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on the Life-History Traits of 2 Frog Species. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1967-1977. [PMID: 31386781 PMCID: PMC7322800 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are used extensively in agriculture and, as a consequence, are now detectable in nearby aquatic environments. Few studies have evaluated the effects of neonicotinoids on amphibians in these aquatic environments. In the present study, we examined the effects of 2 commercial formulations of neonicotinoids (active ingredients clothianidin and thiamethoxam) on survival and life-history traits of wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) and northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens). We used artificial pond mesocosms to assess the effects of these neonicotinoids, at nominal concentrations of 2.5 and 250 µg/L, on amphibian larval development through metamorphosis. We found no differences between controls and neonicotinoid exposure for any of the endpoints assessed for either wood frogs or leopard frogs. The present study suggests that concentrations meeting or exceeding observed levels of clothianidin and thiamethoxam in surface waters will not directly affect metamorphosis in 2 amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1967-1977. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Robinson
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health DivisionOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | - R.L. Dalton
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecological Assessment DivisionGatineauQuebecCanada
| | - F. Maisonneuve
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health DivisionOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - A.J. Bartlett
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, BurlingtonOntarioCanada
| | - S.R. de Solla
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, BurlingtonOntarioCanada
| | - V.L. Trudeau
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - N. Waltho
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
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16
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Robinson SA, Gavel MJ, Richardson SD, Chlebak RJ, Milotic D, Koprivnikar J, Forbes MR. Sub-chronic exposure to a neonicotinoid does not affect susceptibility of larval leopard frogs to infection by trematode parasites, via either depressed cercarial performance or host immunity. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2621-2633. [PMID: 31300888 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Little information is available on the effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on vertebrates. Previous work using amphibians found chronic exposure to some neonicotinoids had no detrimental effects on fitness-relevant traits. However, there is some evidence of more subtle effects of neonicotinoids on immune traits and evidence that other pesticides can suppress tadpole immunity resulting in elevated levels of parasitism in the exposed tadpoles. The objective of our study was to assess whether neonicotinoid exposure affected tadpole immunometrics and susceptibility to parasitic helminths. We assessed northern leopard frog tadpole (Lithobates pipiens) levels of parasitism and leukocyte profiles following exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of clothianidin and free-living infective cercariae of a helminth parasite, an Echinostoma sp. trematode. When comparing tadpoles from controls to either 1 or 100 μg/L clothianidin treatments, we found similar measures of parasitism (i.e. prevalence, abundance and intensity of echinostome cysts) and similar leukocyte profiles. We also confirmed that clothianidin was not lethal for cercariae; however, slight reductions in swimming activity were detected at the lowest exposure concentration of 0.23 μg/L. Our results show that exposure to clothianidin during the larval amphibian stage does not affect leukocyte profiles or susceptibility to parasitism by larval trematodes in northern leopard frogs although other aspects such as length of host exposure require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Robinson
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - M J Gavel
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - S D Richardson
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - R J Chlebak
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - D Milotic
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - J Koprivnikar
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - M R Forbes
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
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